Chapter 3

Alive _murun_. Dead _bullu_. Large _munun_ or _binnal_. Small _bubadyul_. Long _bâmirr_. Short _bumbandhul_. Good, right _murrumbang_. Bad, wrong _nunnaibiddi_. Hungry _ngurran_. Thirsty _gullinginda_. Red _girri-girri_. White _burra-burra_. Black _budhang_. Green, as grass _gidyen-gidyen_. Quick _burrai_. Slow _indang-yunne_. Bilnd _mugiñ_. Deaf _mugudha_. Strong _yûrdhura_. Weak or light _wura_. Heavy _bunggawal_. Valiant _mirringan_. Afraid _gelgel_. Sweet _nguddhai_. Bitter _burradyung_. Straight _dhulu_. Crooked _wulliwulli_. Tired _birrabumain_. Silent _dyilmung_. Ripe _yigi_. Unripe _gumba_. Blunt edge _mugu_. Sharp edge _yunggalli_. Fat _wammu_. Lean _nunnaigan_. Hot _wogil_. Cold _balludhai_. Clear _ngullar_. Dirty _dhuggungir_. Angry _dhullai_. Sleepy _yurai_. Glad _guddhang_. Sorry _ngurrar_. Greedy _miral_. Grey-headed _yiribang_. Sick _yinggal_. Stinking _buga_. Wide _munnar_. Narrow _kurbandul_. Baldheaded _gumbu_. Many _muddu_. Few _gulbir_. Some _bubadyul_. Jealous _ngulbuldhai_. Lame _wirgannha_. Near _kuginda_. Far _birrungga_. Deep _ngurambul_. Shallow _gunnan_. Pregnant _burbimbal_. Hard _wallan_. Soft _bunya_. Dry _burung_. Wet _giddha_. Scarce _burambe_. Plentiful _muddu_. Easy _yeddung_. Difficult _nhunnai_.

VERBS.

Die _bullung_. Eat _dhurra_. Drink _widyara_. Sleep _yurai_. Stand _wurrannha_. Sit _winya_. Lie _wirrinya_. Come _dhanyana_. Go _yunyunna_. Talk _yerra_. Walk _yanninna_. Run _bunbunna_. Bring _dhangangga_. Take _gangga_. Carry _dyirramurra_. Make _dhurburra_. Break _bungamurra_. Beat _bumulli_. Fight _bumullinnha_. Kill _bullubuni_. Arise _burrangga_. Fall _bundinya_. See _ngaga_. Stare at _muramia_. Hear _winnunga_. Know _winnungumma_. Think _ngunnulla_. Grow _yurûnnha_. Give _ngûngga_. Love _guraimurra-dhunganang_. Hate _widdabu-dyingandulla_. Sing _bubbilli_. Weep _yungga_. Play _wagagi_. Cook _gyu-walli_. Marry _burramullina_. Cough _kurra_. Steal _mundubang_. Burn _gunnannha_. Beg _ngundadha_. Barter _ngungiladha_. Bite _buddha_. Blow with breath _bumbe_. Catch _burrama_. Climb _kulliana_. Conceal _kurugunber_. Cut _bangadya_. Frighten _gelgel_. Fly (as a bird) _burrannha_. Hang up _bielgumbirra_. Hold _murama_. Jump _burubidya_. Keep _wirrimbir_. Laugh _gindadha_. Scratch _wunyadha_. Leave off _yalu_. Lose _nhunnainmi_. Pinch _nyimma_. Praise _murrambambungan_. Rejoice _guddhabungan_. Remember _winungadhunnal_. Forget _wangganyi_. Go ahead _muramuddha_. Turn off _waiambiddya_. Turn back _ngulungguggi_. Send _wannamumbia_. Shake _dyllinga_. Shine _gudhara_. Spread _billaima_. Suck _widyarra_. Swim _yawidya_. Taste _nguddha_. Touch _yudê_. Twist _waiama_. Rub _nânma_. Seek _wurrâbinya_. Spit _dyûmber_. Smell _budadha_. Throw _birrumba_. Pitch _wannungga_. Help _yamma_. Sweat _ngulwai_. Roast _giwa_. Whistle _wilbuddha_. Avenge _dhullaibungando_. Pretend _or_ lie _yambulyala_. Kiss _wiûmbannhal_. Vomit _mulama_. Dance _wuggama_. Dive _wubunginya_. Sting _dhni_. Dream _yeddharmurra_.

Vocabulary of Ngunawal Words.

The following vocabulary contains 290 of the most commonly used words in the Ngunawal language, with their English equivalents. Every word has been noted down carefully by myself from the lips of old men and women in the native camps.

A man _murriñ_. Husband _ma-ung_. Clever man _muyulung_. Youth _warrumbul_. Boy _bubal_. Elder brother _dyiddyang_. Younger brother _gugañ_. Elder sister _dhaddung_. Younger sister _gulwan_. A woman _bullan_. Wife _mân_. Girl _mullangan_. Child (neuter) _gudha_. Children _gudhaiar_.

THE HUMAN BODY.

Head _guddagang_. Hair of head _dherrung_. Eye _migalaity_. Nose _nyigity_. Back of neck _nhun_. Throat _guddity_. Ear _guri_. Mouth _dhambir_. Teeth _yerra_. Breast, female _ngumminyang_. Navel _nyurra_. Belly _bindhi_. Back _bengal_. Arm _nhurung_. Hand _murrangga_. Fingers _yulu_. Finger-nails _birril_. Thigh _dhurra_. Knee _ngumung_. Foot _dyunna_. Heart _gauar_. Blood _dyinggi_. Fat _bewan_. Bone _wiak_. Penis _dhun_. Testicles _gurra_. Pubic Hair _buruwarri_. Sexual desire _burundunnung_. Copulation _yangiliri_. Masturbation _natymiliri_. Semen _burung_. Vulva _binnañ_. Anus _dhula_. Excrement _gunung_. Urine _dyungur_. Venereal _middyung_.

INANIMATE NATURE.

Sun _winyu_. Moon _kubbadang_. Stars _dyurra_. Pleiades _dyin-ding-gang_. Clouds _gurrang_. Sky _mindyigari_. Thunder _murungul_. Lightning _meup-meup_. Rain _garrit_. Dew _dyingidyirrang_. Frost _dhugguru_. Water _ngadyung_. Ground _dhaura_. Dust _dhungul_. Mud _murung_. Stone _gurbung_. Sand _dyardyar_. Charcoal _murrungga_. Light _dhurrawang_. Darkness _buranya_. Heat _gunnama_. Cold _gurrita_. Dawn _birrimbigang_. East wind _bulyanggang_. West wind _guraguma_. Whirlwind _wingguraminya_. Pipeclay _gubbity_. Red ochre _gubur_. Fire _kanbi_. Smoke _muril_. Food, flesh _ngulli_. Food, vegetable _dyarabañ_. Flowers _gamburra_. Day _bural_. Night _kagu_. Dusk _dyirranggan_. Grass _gurwai_. Leaves _dyirrang_. Eggs _kubbugang_. Honey _kauanggal_. A liar _kwigarak_. Grubs, collectively _gauiñ_. Grubs, gum tree _burrung_. Grub, river oak _dyigung_. Pathway _mura_. Camp _nguru_. Shadow of tree _kumburu_. Shadow of man _buak_. Summer _winyuwangga_. Winter _magarawangga_.

MAMMALS.

Native bear _gurabun_ or _gula_. Dog _mirri_. Opossum _wille_. Kangaroo rat _balbu_. Native cat _muruguñ_. Bandicoot _mundawari_. Small rat _gunnimang_. Rock wallaby _burrai_. Porcupine _burugun_. Kangaroo _buru_. Platypus _mâlunggang_. Flying squirrel _banggu_. Ringtail opossum _dyindañ_. Bat _nguddya-nguddyan_.

BIRDS.

Birds, collectively _budyan_. Crow _wagulan_. Laughing jackass _guginyal_. Curlew _warabin_. Swan _dyinyuk_. Eaglehawk _mulleun_. Common magpie _karrugang_. Black magpie _dyirrigang_. Mopoke _yuyu_. Night owl _binit-binit_. Rosella parrot _bunduluk_. Common hawk _walga_. Kingfisher _diktigang_. Peewee _giliruk_. Plover _bindirradirrik_. Crane _galu_. Pheasant _dyagula_. Black cockatoo, small _gang-gang_. Black cockatoo, large _wamburung_. Bower-bird _dyara_.

FISHES.

Perch _dhinngur_. Herring _berrumbunnung_. Eel _yumba_. Gudgeon _budang_. Black-fish _wuggar_.

REPTILES.

Water iguana _dhurrawarri_. Frog _dyirrigurat_. River lizard _biddyiwang_. Tree iguana _wirria_. Sleepy lizard _muggadhang_. Small lizard _bunburung_. Death adder _muddyawit_. Turtle _gudamang_. Carpet snake _wâgur_. Any snake _mugga_. Brown snake _wurungal_. Black snake _dyirrabity_. Tiger snake _berragundhang_. Jew lizard _nurrung_. Tree snake _mulundyulung_.

INVERTEBRATES.

Locust, large _gulañ-gulañ_. Locust, small _dyirribrit_. Mother louse _gunggal_. Nit of louse _dyanding_. Young lice _maiadi_. House fly _mênga_. Bulldog ant _bulbul_. Jumper ant _dyambity_. Maggot _dhurraunda_. Centipede _gururigang_. Mussel _bindugañ_.

TREES AND PLANTS.

Any tree _ngulla_. Ti-tree _mudda_. Wattle _nummerak_. Pine _buggumbul_. Oak _dulwa_. Cherry-tree _mummadya_. Gum-tree _yerradhang_. Yellow-box _bargang_. Honeysuckle _dhulwa_. Ironbark _thirriwirri_. Stringybark _buriñ_. Yam _dharâbañ_. Bulrushes _gummiuk_.

WEAPONS, UTENSILS, ETC.

Tomahawk _mundubang_. Koolamin _gûngun_. Yamstick _gaualang_. Spear _dyuiñ_. Spear lever _womur_. Spear shield _bimbiang_. Waddy shield _murga_. Fighting club _kûdyeru_. Hunting club _bundi_. Boomerang _berra_. Net bag _goañ_. Canoe _mundang_. Headband _gambañ_. Kilt _burrañ_.

ADJECTIVES.

Alive _mulanggari_. Dead _burrakbang_. Large _buggarabaug_. Small _nyerrigurang_. Tall or long _bâmir_. Low or short _gungur_. Good _yeddung_. Bad _gudba_. Red _dhirrum dhirrum_. White _duggurugurak_. Black _buru-burâ_. Mad _gauang_. Crazy _yugi-yugang_. Stubborn _wambarung_. Valiant _gurumbul_. Quick _burrai_. Slow _gûnyan_. Strong _yurwang_. Afraid _dyaui-dyauty_. Tired _yurrity_. Sharp _midyir-midyir_. Fat _bewanbang_. Lean _ngauatyba_. Hot _winyudha_. Cold _gurrit_. Angry _yugo_. Sleepy _gung-gung_. Glad _waddhir_. Sorry _ngaralda_. Greedy _merradhiñ_. Sick _gêr_. Stinking _bugung_. Much _gurung_. Little _muinggang_. Pregnant _malingilimang_. True _gûndyaina_.

VERBS.

Die _berak_. Eat _dhaimbaliri_. Drink _wimbaliri_. Sleep _ngambori_. Stand _dharri-iri_. Sit _ngulla-iri_. Talk _dhuniai_. Tell _dhuniung_. Walk _yerrabi_. Run _munni_. Bring _munnagali_. Take _mali_. Make _bungi_. Break _mudyat_. Chastise _millai_. Beat _ngubi_. Arise _badyi_. Fall down _buggâli_. See _nangi_. Look _naii_. Hear _ngurrambai_. Listen _wanggirrali_. Give _yûnggi_. Cook _dyandai_. Steal _gurrangi_. Request _dyunggadyai_. Sing _yunggaballi_. Weep _nyimali_. Blow, with breath _bumbi_. Blow, as wind _bunima_. Climb _bui-i_. Conceal _buddai_. Jump _dyutbi_. Laugh _birrigai_. Scratch _birrâdilli_. Tear _bunggur_. Forget _walagi_. Do _bungi_. Send _iddyi_. Suck _bindi_. Swim _yerra_. Fly _yerra_. Bathe _ngaugi_. Search for _gadi_. Spit _dyugai_. Smell _billai_. Bite _burri_. Play _woggabaliri_. Touch or catch _mungga-iri_. Throw _yerrambi_. Pitch _wadhi_. Whistle _windi_. Pretend _kwigai_. Vomit _garrugi_. Dance _wagi_. Dive _burugi_. Sting _dyandi_. Hunt _gadali_. To scent, as a dog _gundali_. Drive _dhurali_. Go _yerrabi_. Come _munnagai_. Burn _gunnami_. Chop _gudbaiiri_. Feel _burrangiri_.

[1] "Initiation Ceremonies of Australian Tribes," _Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc._, vol. xxxvi, pp. 54-73, map.

[2] "The Group Divisions and Initiation Ceremonies of the Bar-Kunjee Tribes," _Journ. Roy. Soc. N.S. Wales_, vol. xxxii, pp. 240-250, map. That map includes with the Wiradyuri, the territory of the Burreba-burreba tribe, because their initiation ceremonies and marriage laws are the same.

[3] "The Victorian Aborigines: their Initiation Ceremonies and Division Systems," _American Anthropologist_, vol. xi, pp. 325-343, map.

[4] "Languages of the Kamilaroi and Other Tribes of New South Wales," _Journ. Anthrop. Inst._, vol. xxxiii, p. 259.

[5] "An Australian Language" (Sydney, 1892), _Appendix_, p. 60.

[6] "The Burbung of the Wiradyuri Tribes," _Journ. Anthrop. Inst._, vol. xxv, pp. 295-318. _Ibid._, vol. xxvi, pp. 272-285. "The Initiation Ceremonies of the Aborigines of the Upper Lachlan," _Proc. Roy. Geog. Soc. Austr._, _Queensland Bch._, vol. xi, pp. 167-169.

"The Burbung or Initiation Ceremonies of the Murrumbidgee Tribes," _Journ. Roy Soc. N.S. Wales_, vol. xxxi, pp. 111-153.

"The Burbung of the Wiradhuri Tribes," _Proc. Roy. Soc. Queensland_, vol. xvi, pp. 35-38.

[7] "The Aboriginal Languages of Victoria," _Journ. Roy. Soc. N.S. Wales_, vol. xxxvi, p. 76.

[8] Compare with my "Yookumbil Language," _Queensland Geog. Journ._, vol. xvii, pp. 63-67.

[9] _Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc._, Philadelphia, vol. xl, No. 167.

[10] "The Bûrbung, etc., of the Murrumbidgee Tribes," _Journ. Roy. Soc. N.S. Wales_, vol. xxxi, pp. 111-153.

[11] _American Anthropologist_, vol. ix, pp. 327-334, Plate VI.

[12] _Journ. Roy. Soc. N.S. Wales_, vol. xxxiv, pp. 276-281.

[13] _Ibid._, pp. 263-364.

[14] "Aboriginal Songs at Initiation Ceremonies," _Queensland Geographical Journal_, vol. xvii. pp. 61-63.

[15] See my "Thurrawal Language," _Journ. Roy. Soc. N.S. Wales_, vol. xxxv, p. 131.

[16] Compare with my "Dharruk Language and Vocabulary," _Journ. Roy. Soc. N.S. Wales_, vol. xxxv, pp. 155-160.