CHAPTER XX.

GENERAL CHAPTER—MISCELLANEOUS. Proportion of juice to marc, 200; proportion of wine to grapes, 201; wooden and metal utensils, 202; cleanliness, 203; different cellar utensils, 204, 205; USEFUL RULES: to ascertain the weight of a given number of gallons of a liquid, for reducing must, for sugaring must, 206; for fortifying and reducing wines, to reduce with water, 207; to reduce with weaker or fortify with stronger wine or alcohol, PLASTERING, 208; common practice in Spain and southern France, objects, chemical effects, 209; effects on health, 210; plastering sherry, quantity used, 212; by adding water, sherry flavor, 213.

APPENDIX. Sugar tables: Table I, Balling’s degrees (per cent. sugar), corresponding degrees Baumé, and specific gravity at 63½° F., 215; Table II, Baumé’s degrees, corresponding degrees Balling (per cent. sugar), and specific gravity at 63½° F. 216; Table III, Baumé’s degrees and corresponding per cent. sugar, at 60° F. 217; Alcohol table, Table IV, showing per cent. by volume for every one-tenth per cent. from 0.1 to 30 per cent., corresponding per cent. by weight, and specific gravity, 218-19; Table V, showing amount of alcohol and acid in different California wines, 220-23.

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

Fig. Page. 1. HYDROMETER 8 2. HYDROMETER-JAR 9 3. WOODEN STEMMER 21 4. CRUSHER 23 5. FERMENTING VAT 41 6. WINE PRESSES 46 7. } ULLING POTS } 49 8. } } 9. } Z FUNNELS } 49 10.} } 11. RINSING CHAIN } 63 12. VISITOR FOR EXAMINING THE INSIDE OF A CASK } 13. SULPHURER } 69 14. MAUMENE’S SULPHURER } 15. CASK AND SUPPORT 89 16. JACK FOR TIPPING A CASK } 95 17. FORK FOR TIPPING A CASK } 18. } IMPLEMENTS FOR TIPPING A CASK } 96 19. } } 20. A METHOD OF RACKING } 97 21. } SIPHONS } 22. } } 23. ROTARY FORCE PUMP 98 24. } } 25. } IMPLEMENTS FOR STIRRING } 103 26. } } 27. BOTTLE WASHER } 28. } BOTTLE DRAINERS } 156 29. } } 30. RESERVOIRS FOR FILLING BOTTLES 157 31. BUNG SCREW 158 32. CORKING MACHINES 159 33. CORKING MACHINES AND NEEDLES 160 34. PINCERS FOR REMOVING WAX } 162 35. CAPSULER } 36. PILING BOTTLES 163 37. } BOTTLE RACKS } 164 38. } } 39. BURROW’S SLIDER BIN 165 40. DECANTING BASKET } 41. CORKSCREWS } 169 42. DECANTING INSTRUMENT }

ERRATA

On page 216, Table II, read 63½° F, instead of 93½° F.

On page 218, Table IV, opposite 13.6 by volume, read 11.00 per cent. by weight, instead of 10.10.

On page 219, Table IV, opposite 17.03 by weight, read 20.9 by volume, instead of 20.7; and opposite 23.4 by volume, read .97251 specific gravity, instead of .96251.

On page 222 read Tienturier instead of Tenturier.

THE WINE PRESS AND THE CELLAR.