CHAPTER V.

_THE FOURTH GOSPEL._

The evidence of Irenæus--Epistle of Polycarp to the Philippians genuine--"The Refutation of all Heresies" by Hippolytus--Justin Martyr--The internal evidence--Philo's philosophy--The doctrine of the triune nature of Jehovah--The Divinity of Christ--The Holy Spirit--The nameless, unknown author--Rénan's views in favour of the Johannine authorship--Linguistic difficulties--William Penn--The raising of Lazarus from the dead--John's memory--The Duke of Wellington--Mode of authorship--Men separated from their writings, and books without authors--The second century non-classical compared with the first--Facts make history, not history facts--The living voice rather than books the instrument for proclaiming the Gospel in the first century--The folly of ignoring Divine Revelation 135