Book XXXIII; D’Aubigné, II, 95; _Bull. de la Soc. de l’hist., du prot.

franç._, II (1854), 230; _C. S. P. For._, 837 and 415, §12 (1562). I have purposely built this account upon Montluc’s narration in Book V of his _Commentaires_. An additional source for Lectoure and the battle of Vergt is his long letter to Philip II, published in _L’Ambassade de St. Sulpice_, 84-86; add also De Ruble, _Antoine de Bourbon et Jeanne d’Albret_, 244-56.

[582] _Mém. de Condé_, III, 756: “Fragment d’une lettre de l’ambassadeur du duc de Savoye, à la Cour de France. De Paris du dernier de juillet, 1562;” cf. _Nég. Tosc._, III, 492, 493.

[583] See an article by De Crue, “Un emprunt des Huguenots français en Allemagne et en Suisse (1562). Pleins pouvoirs données à M. d’Andelot par le prince de Condé—Orleans, 7 juillet, 1562,” _Rev. d’hist. dip._, 1889, 195.

[584] _L’Ambassade de St. Sulpice_, 77; _C. S. P. For._, 884, October 9, 1562. His instructions are in _Mém. de Condé_, III, 630. See a letter of Hotman, July 27, 1562, to the elector palatine, _Mém. de l’Acad. des inscrip. et belles-lettres_, CIV, 668. The original is in the archives at Stuttgart. This letter was communicated to the duke of Württemberg by the count palatine and was sufficient temptation to lead the first of the famous hordes of German reiters across the border into France.

[585] Claude Haton, 267. See in the _Mém. de Condé_, III, some letters relating to the coming of the reiters in this year.

[586] “Ceux-ci [reiters] sont toujours prêts à se battre, mais en tout le reste, ils n’obéissent à personne et montrent la plus grande cruauté. Ils pillent tout, et cela ne leur suffit pas. Ils dévastent tout et détruisent les vins et les récoltes.”—Letter of Hotman in _Rev. hist._, XCVII, March-April, 1908, 311.

[587] Claude Haton, I, 294.

[588] _Ibid._ From an account in the Record Office, indorsed by Cecil, we know what the wages of these hireling troops were: “The pay of every reiter is 15 florins the month. The entertainment of the ritmeisters is a florin for every horse, and each cornet contains 300 men. The lieutenants have, besides the pay of one reiter, 80 florins. The ensign, besides the pay of one reiter, has 60 florins, eight officers having, besides a reiter’s pay, 15 florins apiece. The wage and appointment of 4,000 reiters with their officers _per mensem_ equals 122,048 livres _tournois_, equals 81,532 florins. The colonel 3,000 florins; 15 officers equals 300 florins. To every ten reiters there must be allowed a carriage with four horses, at 30 florins per month. Total (not counting the money rebated) 127,448 livres _tournois_, or 84,966 florins. Total expense for four months, counting the levy, 569,792 livres _tournois_ equals 379,861 florins.

“For levying 6,000 lansknechts: for their levying, a crown per month. The pay of every ensign of 300 men per month, 3,500 _livres tournois_. The whole expense for four months 395,000 livres _tournois_ equals 263,337 florins. Sum total with other expenses, 1,759,792 livres _tournois_ equals 211,174,175, 2d.”

[589] D’Andelot passed the Rhine on September 22, too late to relieve Bourges.

[590] See Claude Haton’s vivid description of this recruiting. The new levies did great damage to the country of Brie and Champagne, for they were kept in villages for more than five weeks before going to camp, and all this time the reiters were approaching closely (I, 295).

[591] Claude Haton, I, 295. He adds that Catherine de Medici sent him secret orders to do so. But there is no evidence of this in her correspondence, and D’Aumale’s subsequent blunder in 1569 by which the Huguenots were able to get possession of La Charité justifies the inference that his action was due to incapacity as a general.

[592] The long presence of the reiters in France during the civil wars introduced many German words into the French language, for example _bière_ (_Bier_); _blocus_ (_Blockhaus_); _boulevard_ (_Bollwerk_); _bourgmestre_ (_Burgmeister_); _canapsa_ (_Knapsack_); _carousser_ (_Garaus machen_); _castine_ (_Kalkstein_); _halte_ (_halt_); _trinquer_ (_trinken_) and of course _reitre_ (_Reiter_) and _lansquenet_ (_Lanzknecht_). See Nyrop, _Grammaire historique de la langue française_, I, 51. Rabelais abounds with such words, e. g., “Je ne suis de cas importuns _lifrelofres_ qui, par force, poultraige et violence, contraignent les lans et compaignons _trinquer_, voire _carous_ et alluz qui pis est.” Rabelais, Book IV, prologue. So also in