ii. Those doubting the authority or motives of Simpson may be reminded

that he was, to the day of his death, one of the strictest adherents of Scotch orthodoxy.

[148] See _Journal of Sir I. Brunel_, for May 20, 1827, in _Life of I. K. Brunel_, p. 30.

[149] This scene will be recalled, easily, by many leading ethnologists in America, and especially by Mr. E. G. Squier, formerly minister of the United States to Central America.

[150] The meteorological battle is hardly fought out yet. Many excellent men seem still to entertain views almost identical with those of over two thousand years ago, depicted in _The Clouds_ of Aristophanes.

[151] These texts are Ezekiel v. 5 and xxxviii. 12. The progress of geographical knowledge, evidently, caused them to be softened down somewhat in our King James's version; but the first of them reads, in the Vulgate, "Ista est Hierusalem, in medio gentium posui eam et in circuitu ejus terras;" and the second reads in the Vulgate "in medio terræ," and in the Septuagint _ἑπι τὁν ὁμφαλὁν τἡς γἡς_. That the literal centre of the earth was meant, see proof in St. Jerome, Commentar. in Ezekiel, lib. ii., and for general proof, see Leopardi, "Saggio sopra gli errori popolari degli antichi," pp. 207, 208. For an idea of orthodox geography in the middle ages, see _Wright's Essay on Archæology_, vol. ii., chapter "On the Map of the World in Hereford Cathedral." For an example of the depth to which this idea of Jerusalem as the centre had entered into the thinking of the great poet of the middle ages, see _Dante_, _Inferno_, _Canto xxxiv._:

"E se' or sotto l'emisperio giunto, Ch' è opposito a quel, che la gran secca Coverchia, e sotto 'l cui colmo consunto Fu l'uom che nacque e visse senza pecca."

[152] See _Michaelis_, _Commentaries on the Laws of Moses_, 1874, vol. ii., p. 3. The writer of the present article himself witnessed the reluctance of a very conscientious man to answer the questions of a census marshal, Mr. Lewis Hawley, of Syracuse, N. Y., and this reluctance was based upon the reasons assigned in II. Samuel chapter xxiv. 1, and I. Chronicles, chapter xxi. 1, for the numbering of the children of Israel.

[153] See _De Morgan_, _Paradoxes_, pp. 214-220.

[154] For _Dupanloup_, _Lettre à un Cardinal_, see the _Revue de Thérapeutique_, 1868, p. 221.

[155] For general account of the Vulpian and See matter, see _Revue des Deux Mondes_, 31 Mai, 1868. _Chronique de la Quinzaine_, pp. 763-765. As to the result on popular thought, may be noted the following comment on the affair by the _Revue_, which is as free as possible from anything like rabid anti-ecclesiastical ideas: "_Elle a été vraiment curieuse, instructive, assez triste et même un peu amusante._" For Wurtz's statement, see _Revue de Thérapeutique_ for 1868, p. 303.

[156] _De Morgan_, _Paradoxes_, pp. 421-428; also, _Daubeny's Essays_.

[157] See the Berlin newspapers for the summer of 1868, especially _Kladderadatsch_.

[158] In the _Church Journal_, New York, May 28, 1874, a reviewer, praising Rev. Dr. Hodge's book against Darwinism, says: "Darwinism--whether Darwin knows it or not; whether the clergy, who are half prepared to accept it in blind fright as 'science,' know it or not--is a denial of every article of the Christian faith. It is supreme folly to talk as some do about accommodating Christianity to Darwinism. Either those who so talk do not understand Christianity, or they do not understand Darwinism. If we have all, men and monkeys, women and baboons, oysters and eagles, all 'developed' from an original monad and germ, then St. Paul's grand deliverance--'All flesh is not the same flesh. There is one kind of flesh of men, another of beasts, another of fishes, and another of birds. There are bodies celestial and bodies terrestrial'--may be still very grand in our funeral-service, but very untrue to fact." This is the same dangerous line of argument which Caccini indulged in in Galileo's time. Dangerous, for suppose "Darwinism" _be proved true_! For a soothing potion by a skillful hand, see _Whewell_ on the consistency of evolution doctrines with teleological ideas; also, _Rev. Samuel Houghton, F. R. S._, _Principles of Animal Mechanics_, London, 1873, preface, and page 156, for some interesting ideas on teleological evolution.

[159] For some excellent remarks on the futility of such attempts and outcries, see the _Rev. Dr. Deems_, in POPULAR SCIENCE MONTHLY for February, 1876. To all who are inclined to draw scientific conclusions from Biblical texts, may be commended the advice of a good old German divine of the Reformation period: "Seeking the milk of the Word, do not press the teats of Holy Writ too hard."

[160] In an eloquent sermon, preached in March, 1874, Bishop Cummins said, in substance: "The Church has no fear of Science; the persecution of Galileo was entirely unwarrantable; but Christians should resist to the last Darwinism; for that is evidently contrary to Scripture." The bishop forgets that Galileo's doctrine seemed to such colossal minds as Bellarmin, and Luther, and Bossuet, "evidently contrary to Scripture." Far more logical, modest, sagacious, and full of faith, is the attitude taken by his former associate, Dr. John Cotton Smith: "For geology, physiology, and historical criticism have threatened or destroyed only particular forms of religious opinion, while they have set the spirit of religion free to keep pace with the larger generalizations of modern knowledge."--_Picton_, _The Mystery of Matter_, London, 1873, p. 72.

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+----------------------------------------------------------------- + | Transcriber's Note: | | | | Minor typographical errors have been corrected without note. | | | | Corrections in the spelling of names were made when those could | | be verified. Otherwise the variations were left as they were. | | | | Ambiguous hyphens at the ends of lines were retained. | | | | Italicized words are surrounded by underline characters, | | _like this_. Words in bold characters are surrounded by equal | | signs, =like this=. | | | | In this etext the caret ^ represents a superscript character. | | | | Footnotes were moved to the end of the book before the ads and | | numbered in one continuous sequence. | | | | Page 60 had two footnotes 2 followed by a footnote 3. While a | | search in other editions did not resolve the problem, it | | suggested that the number 2 following "Father Lecazre" was | | incorrect and was removed from this e-text. | +------------------------------------------------------------------+

End of Project Gutenberg's The Warfare of Science, by Andrew Dickson White