mm. Millimeter

OCS Officer Candidate School Pak. Panzer abwehrkanone (antitank gun) Pz. Panzer Pz. Kpfw. Panzerkampfwagen (tank) SCR Signal Corps Radio SHAEL Supreme Headquarters, Allied Expeditionary Force Stu. G. Sturmgeschuetz (self-propelled assault gun) Stu. K. Sturmkanone (self-propelled assault gun) U-boat Submarine WAAC Women’s Army Auxiliary Corps WAC Women’s Army Corps

Appendix B

Acknowledgments

Acknowledgment is made to the Keystone Press Agency, Ltd., London, England, for the first photograph in this volume. All other photographs came from the Department of Defense and were taken from the U. S. Army files, except for those accredited below to the U. S. Navy, U. S. Air Force, and U. S. Coast Guard. (At the time these photographs were taken, the Coast Guard was operating as a part of the Navy.)

U. S. Navy: pp. 24, 77, 94b, 96, 110b, 122

U. S. Air Force: pp. 8, 9, 12, 18, 19, 26, 30, 31, 32, 33, 35, 38, 39, 48, 49, 76, 78–79, 86–87, 94a, 95, 98, 99, 100–101, 104, 112–13, 116, 118, 126, 129a, 130–31, 140–41, 155, 158–59, 176, 177, 180–81, 188–89, 202, 203, 218–19, 226–27, 236–37, 266–67, 280–81, 296–97, 318–19, 330–31, 334–35, 336–37, 339, 341, 358–59

U. S. Coast Guard: pp. 80, 88a, 92

UNITED STATES ARMY IN WORLD WAR II

The following volumes have been published:

The War Department

Chief of Staff: Prewar Plans and Preparations Washington Command Post: The Operations Division Strategic Planning for Coalition Warfare: 1941–1942 Strategic Planning for Coalition Warfare: 1943–1944 Global Logistics and Strategy: 1940–1943 Global Logistics and Strategy: 1943–1945 The Army and Economic Mobilization The Army and Industrial Manpower

The Army Ground Forces

The Organization of Ground Combat Troops The Procurement and Training of Ground Combat Troops

The Army Service Forces

The Organization and Role of the Army Service Forces

The Western Hemisphere

The Framework of Hemisphere Defense Guarding the United States and Its Outposts

The War in the Pacific

The Fall of the Philippines Guadalcanal: The First Offensive Victory in Papua CARTWHEEL: The Reduction of Rabaul Seizure of the Gilberts and Marshalls Campaign in the Marianas The Approach to the Philippines Leyte: The Return to the Philippines Triumph in the Philippines Okinawa: The Last Battle Strategy and Command: The First Two Years

The Mediterranean Theater of Operations

Northwest Africa: Seizing the Initiative in the West Sicily and the Surrender of Italy Salerno to Cassino Cassino to the Alps

The European Theater of Operations

Cross-Channel Attack Breakout and Pursuit The Lorraine Campaign The Siegfried Line Campaign The Ardennes: Battle of the Bulge The Last Offensive The Supreme Command Logistical Support of the Armies, Volume I Logistical Support of the Armies, Volume II

The Middle East Theater

The Persian Corridor and Aid to Russia

The China-Burma-India Theater

Stilwell’s Mission to China Stilwell’s Command Problems Time Runs Out in CBI

The Technical Services

The Chemical Warfare Service: Organizing for War The Chemical Warfare Service: From Laboratory to Field The Chemical Warfare Service: Chemicals in Combat The Corps of Engineers: Troops and Equipment The Corps of Engineers: The War Against Japan The Corps of Engineers: The War Against Germany The Corps of Engineers: Military Construction in the United States The Medical Department: Hospitalization and Evacuation; Zone of Interior The Medical Department: Medical Service in the Mediterranean and Minor Theaters The Ordnance Department: Planning Munitions for War The Ordnance Department: Procurement and Supply The Ordnance Department: On Beachhead and Battlefront The Quartermaster Corps: Organization, Supply, and Services, Volume I The Quartermaster Corps: Organization, Supply, and Services, Volume II The Quartermaster Corps: Operations in the War Against Japan The Quartermaster Corps: Operations in the War Against Germany The Signal Corps: The Emergency The Signal Corps: The Test The Signal Corps: The Outcome The Transportation Corps: Responsibilities, Organization, and Operations The Transportation Corps: Movements, Training, and Supply The Transportation Corps: Operations Overseas

Special Studies

Chronology: 1941–1945 Military Relations Between the United States and Canada: 1939–1945 Rearming the French Three Battles: Arnaville, Altuzzo, and Schmidt The Women’s Army Corps Civil Affairs: Soldiers Become Governors Buying Aircraft: Materiel Procurement for the Army Air Forces The Employment of Negro Troops Manhattan: The U. S. Army and the Atomic Bomb

Pictorial Record

The War Against Germany and Italy: Mediterranean and Adjacent Areas The War Against Germany: Europe and Adjacent Areas The War Against Japan

Index

Aachen, Germany, 217, 218–19

Aerial bombardment. _See_ Bombardment, aerial.

Air attacks Allied, 8, 24, 26, 33 briefing for, 39 German, 34

Air bases. _See_ Airfields.

Aircraft, Allied, 35 bombers, heavy, 8, 13, 19, 26, 32, 33, 59, 202, 399 bombers, light, 104, 116 bombers, medium, 76, 203 burning, 26 damaged, 399 fighters, 9, 48, 49, 59, 105, 338, 399 gliders, 29, 94, 95, 214, 390, 391, 393 identification of, 76, 95 liaison planes, 42, 248, 294 naval, 24 on fire, 105 transport planes, 94, 214, 345, 404, 435 wrecked, 393

Aircraft, German, 400

Airfields construction of, 18, 105 France, 391 Germany, 404

“Alligators,” 22. _See also_ Landing craft.

Ambulances, 317 converted jeep, 204

American Red Cross, 25

Ammunition .30-caliber, 160 .50-caliber, 338 240-mm. howitzer shells, 316 German, 263 mortar shells, 182, 245, 310

Ammunition dump, 160

Amphibian trucks, DUKW’s, 68, 257

Amphibious landings. _See_ Landing operations.

Andernach, Germany, 350

Antiaircraft guns 40-mm., 60 90-mm., 61, 102, 243 German, 343, 366

Antitank guns 3-inch, 102 57-mm., 151, 217 British, 6, 115 damaged, 154 German, 154, 168, 348, 397

Ardennes Forest, 269, 270, 284

Argentan, France, 177

Armored vehicles, 198, 200. _See also_ Vehicles. German, 350

Army Post Office, England, 41

Artificial harbor, OMAHA Beach, 118

Artillery 8-inch guns, 192, 206, 371 8-inch howitzer, 192 75-mm. howitzer (pack), 292 105-mm. howitzers, 23, 42, 43, 114, 186, 232, 250, 327, 363 155-mm. guns, 42, 43, 193, 299 155-mm. howitzers, 103, 125, 270, 293 240-mm. howitzer, 186 German, 366 mortars. _See_ Mortars. observation planes, 42, 248, 294

Artillery barrage, 364

Assault boats, 7, 428. _See also_ Landing craft.

Assault guns, German, 215, 397

Autobahn, 384

Avranches, France, 156, 158–59

Azimuth instrument, 353

Bailey bridges, 193, 369

Ball-bearing factory, on fire, 31

Bangalore torpedo, 28

Barbed wire, 28, 110, 191, 207, 278, 302

Barrage balloons, 77, 92, 97, 107, 123

Bastogne, Belgium, 280–81, 308

“Bazookas,” 53, 185. _See also_ Rocket launchers.

Beaches British sector, 76 OMAHA, 78–79, 80, 81, 82, 84, 106, 118, 119 UTAH, 86–87, 88, 89, 97

Belfast, Northern Ireland, 3, 4

Beurig, Germany, 330–31

Big Ben, V-E night, 436

Bingen, Germany, 364

Bitche, France, 372, 318–19

Bivouac area, 288

Bois du Mont du Roc, France, 126

Bomb, robot, 35

Bomb damage, 139, 151, 154, 156, 217, 344. _See also_ War damage. fortifications, 127 France, 125, 178 Germany, 339, 340, 354 railroad bridge, 98

Bomb strike, Schweinfurt, Germany, 30

Bombardment. _See also_ Air attacks. aerial, 8, 31, 33, 116, 202 artillery, 333

Bombers heavy, B-17, 8, 13, 19, 32, 33, 59, 202 heavy, B-24, 8, 26, 32, 399 light, A-20, 104, 116 medium, B-26, 76, 203

Bombs, 1,000-pound, 21

Boppard, Germany, 382

Breisach, Germany, 333

Bremen, Germany, 33

Bremen harbor, Germany, 421

Brest, France, 188–89, 207

Bridges Bailey, 193, 369 damaged, 98, 355, 356, 402 footbridges, 369, 417 ponton, construction of, 60 ponton, heavy, 387 railroad, 401 treadway, 161, 208, 240, 340, 357, 382

British troops, 4

Broderkons Berg, Germany, 358–59

Bulldozers, 129, 161. _See also_ Tractors.

Cameras moving picture, 349 still picture, 349

Camouflage, 103, 125, 314 8-inch gun, 305 antiaircraft gun, 61 armored car, 285 German, 91, 117, 124 gun motor carriage, 285 helmet, 108 howitzer, 277 suits, 151 tanks, 150, 204

Canals Rhône-Rhine, France, 334–35 Vauban, France, 334–35 Vire-Taute, France, 112–13 Widensohlen, France, 334–35

Carbine M1, 184. _See also_ Small arms.

Carentan, France, 112–13, 114, 115

Cargo planes. _See_ Transport planes.

Casualties, 83, 84, 108 evacuation of, 138, 204, 253 German, 409

Causeway, floating, 119 damaged, 120

Celebration, V-E Day, 433

Champs Elysées, 191

Cherbourg, France, 128, 129, 130–31 enemy fortifications, 127

Civilians French, 191 German, 396, 401, 405, 414, 432

Clothing camouflaged, 151, 265, 284 decontamination suits, 11 German, 265 paratroop, 16 pilot, 12 repair of, 307 shoepacs, 283 winter, 11, 284, 292

Colmar, France, 332

Cologne, Germany, 354

Communications, 40, 166 equipment, 56 hand generator GN 45, 85 repair of, 375, 405 SCR 284, 85 SCR 536, 85, 352 short wave aerial kite, 27 switchboard BD71, 175 telephone lines, repair of, 303

Construction airfields, 18, 105 bridges, 369, 381 pipeline, 196 ponton bridge, 60

Convoy, motor, 155, 170, 308, 317, 357, 394, 424

Crane, truck-mounted, 161

Cub plane, 42

Dachau, Germany, 429

Danube River, 417

Debarkation of troops, Northern Ireland, 3

Depot Engineer, 44 Ordnance, 20, 22, 43

Distribution point, gasoline, 255

Domfront, France, 178

Dreux, France, 168

Duesseldorf, Germany, 401

DUKW’s, 68, 97

Enclosure, prisoner of war, 408

Evacuation of casualties, 138, 204, 361 of pilots, 96

Exercise fabius, 66, 67. _See also_ Training.

Falaise, France, 176

Ferry, Rhino, 122

Fighter planes P-38, 9 P-47, 9, 59, 338 P-47, damaged, 399 P-47, on fire, 105 P-51, 9, 48, 49 British, 35 German, 400

Fire fighters, British, 34

First aid. _See_ Medical operations.

Flak, 8, 202

Flooded area, 229, 248

Footbridges, 369, 417

Fort de Queuleu, France, 226–27

Fort du Roule, France, 130–31

Fort Saint Julien, France, 226–27

Fort Sebastian, France, 318–19

Fortifications, 216, 347 dragon’s teeth, 373 German, 91, 315, 332 German, damaged, 127

Foxholes, 142, 228, 328

Frankfurt, Germany, 384, 385

French Forces of the Interior, 190

Fuel tank, 48

Gas masks, wearing of, 4, 11

Glider pilots, evacuation of, 96

Gliders, 29, 94, 95, 214, 390, 391 British, 29, 94 wrecked, 94, 393

Gun crews antiaircraft, 102 naval, 77

Gun motor carriages, 200, 225, 233, 234, 285, 344, 374

Guns 8-inch, 192, 206, 304, 305, 371 155-mm., 193, 299 antiaircraft, 90-mm., 102 antitank, 3-inch, 102 antitank, British, 115 German, 91, 124, 221

Half-tracks, 65, 217, 253, 414 on fire, 264

Hand grenades, 6, 142, 274

Harbors artificial, 118, 120 Antwerp, 256 Bremen, 421 Brest, 188–89 Cherbourg, 130–31, 132, 172 damaged, 120 Saint-Malo, 180–81 Saint-Nazaire, 422

Headquarters, ETO, London, 45

Hedgerow cutter, 133

Hedgerows, 134, 144, 149, 150, 165

Helmets, 163 camouflaged, 108 World War I, 4, 6 World War II, 16

Hill, Germany, 358–59

Hospitals England, 50 evacuation, 109

Howitzers. _See also_ Artillery. 105-mm., 114, 232, 250, 327, 363 155-mm., 103, 125, 270, 293

Howitzer motor carriages, 23, 251, 277, 370

Huertgen Forest, Germany, 234, 235, 241

Infantrymen, 128, 129, 144, 152, 162, 163, 165, 179, 182, 187, 201, 205, 228, 238, 269, 274, 282, 376 aboard ship, 92 column of, 81, 89, 97, 167, 216, 249, 312, 372 German, 197, 263, 264, 265 in glider, 29 wounded, 197

Invasion. _See_ Landing operations.

Invasion beaches. _See_ Beaches.

Invasion operations, 96

Invasion preparations, 70, 75. _See also_ Training.

Jeeps, 29, 244, 326 with wire cutter, 143

Juelich, Germany, 336–37

Kommerscheidt, Germany, 236–37

Landing craft assault boat, 7, 428 converted to rocket launcher, 63 LBK, 77 LBV, 77 LCI, 64, 92 LCR, 82 LCT, 55, 64, 65, 77, 81, 96 LGVP, 66, 69, 70, 80, 81, 380, 381 LST, 55, 70, 121 LST, deck loaded, 67 LVT, 22

Landing operations, 76, 78–79, 80, 81, 86–87, 88. _See also_ Beaches.

Liaison plane, 42 equipped with skis, 294

Life preservers, 7, 12, 82

Life raft, 27

Living conditions, 228, 288, 322, 363

London, 34, 45

Lousberg, Germany, 218–19

Ludendorf Bridge, 355, 356

Lunéville, France, 221

Machine guns .30-caliber Browning, 11, 134, 179, 217 .45-caliber, 6 .50-caliber Browning, 389 .50-caliber Browning, aircraft, 13 German, 52

Magdeburg, Germany, 411, 412

Mail call, 152

Main River, Germany, 30, 385

Maneuvers, 29, 47, 64. _See also_ Training.

Manhay, Belgium, 296–97

Map making equipment, 36, 37

Maps Central Europe, 378 Normandy, 72 Northern France, 146 Rhineland, 210, 324

Marshalling area, England, 69

Masks gas, 11 oxygen, 12

Medical aid, administering of, 19, 83, 108

Medical aid men, 19, 83, 108, 138, 197, 204, 253, 309, 360

Medical operations, 309, 360 immunization, 252 surgery, 109

Mess, 129, 238, 288, 295, 347

Metz, France, 224, 226–27

Military police, 171, 357

Mine detectors, 88, 93, 375

Mine exploder, 240

Mine field, German, 93

Mines antipersonnel, 93 antitank, 279

Montebourg, France, 125

Mortars 60-mm., 6, 53, 183 81-mm., 6, 65, 182, 310 chemical, 4.2-inch, 245

Moselle River, 201, 204, 208, 220, 226–27, 244, 364

Motor carriages gun, 46, 64, 103, 135, 185, 194, 199, 207, 233, 234, 285, 344, 374, 412 howitzer, 150, 169, 199, 251, 277, 370

Mud, 213, 222, 231, 234, 345

Muenchen-Gladbach, Germany, 341

Neckar River, 402

Negro troops, 10, 103, 107

Neuf Brisach, France, 334–35

Niederleuken, Germany, 330–31

Night firing, 316

Nuernberg, Germany, 416

Observation posts, 166, 353, 362

Obstacle, tank, 216, 373

Officer Candidates School, 11

OMAHA Beach, 78–79, 118

Optical equipment, repair of, 14

Our River, 346

Oxygen mask, 12

Oxygen tank, 13

Pack howitzer, 292. _See also_ Artillery.

Parachute jump suit, 16, 75

Parachutes, 58

Parade, Paris, 191

Paratroopers, 58, 306

Paris, 190

Pillbox, German, 332

Pipeline, gasoline, 132, 196, 254

Pistol, automatic, .45-caliber, 6

Plasma, administrating of, 19, 83

“Priest,” 23

Prisoners of war Allied, 268, 435 German, 84, 110, 128, 153, 239, 276, 300, 346, 383, 384, 386, 389, 408, 425, 429

Propaganda leaflets, German, 152

Pruem, Germany, 344

Queen Elizabeth, 25

Quonset huts, 50

Railroad bridge, 98, 401 destroyed, 173 equipment, 44, 54, 172, 173 French, 173 yards, 218–19, 405

Railroads Belgium, 256, 258 damaged, 339 France, 99, 112–13, 226–27 Germany, 339 Recreation, 184

Red Ball Highway, 170, 171. _See also_ Roads.

Remagen Bridge, Germany, 355, 356

Repair shop, Ordnance, 14

Rescue launch, British, 27

Rescue operations, 82

Rheine, Germany, 339

Rhine River, 354, 356, 357, 380, 381, 382, 387

Rhino ferry, 122

Rhône-Rhine Canal, 334–35

Rifles. _See also_ Small arms. .30-caliber M1, 6, 7, 29, 144, 162 .30-caliber M1903, 6 .30-caliber M1903A3, 29 .30-caliber M1918A2, 6, 29 .30-caliber M1919A4, 6 M1 with rifle grenade, 271 German, 52

River crossings, 201, 244, 346, 364, 369, 380, 381, 387, 402, 409, 427

Rivers France, 98, 140–41, 161, 201, 204, 208, 220, 226–27, 244 Germany, 30, 330–31, 336–37, 340, 354, 356, 357, 364, 380, 381, 382, 385, 387, 402, 411, 417 Luxembourg, 346

Road signs, 286, 424

Roads Ardennes, 266–67, 271 Austria, 424, 426, 427 Belgium, 198, 280–81, 296–97, 312 France, 78–79, 86–87, 126, 136, 138, 150, 155, 157, 158–59, 167, 170, 185, 195, 226–27, 229, 247, 320 Germany, 216, 234, 235, 236–37, 264, 394, 398, 425

Rocket launcher site, German, 117

Rocket launchers. _See also_ Small arms. 2.36-inch, 29, 53, 185, 306 4.5-inch, 241, 403 German, 174

Rocket projector, German, 343

Roer River, 336–37, 340

Saale River, 411

Saare River, 330–31

Saarrbourg, Germany, 330–31

Saint-Lô, France, 139, 140–41

Saint-Malo, France, 179, 180–81

Saint-Nazaire harbor, France, 422

Schweinfurt, Germany, 30, 31

Seatrain, 172

Seine River, 98

Serrig, Germany, 362

Shell fire, German, 90

Small arms, 6, 29 carbine, 184 German, 52 machine guns, 134, 179, 217, 291 rifles, 162, 271 rocket launcher, 2.36-inch, 53 Thompson submachine gun, 75

Smoke screens, 68, 242

Street fighting, 205, 217, 224, 407 Cherbourg, 128

Submachine guns, .45-caliber, 29, 75. _See also_ Small arms.

Submarine pens, German, 422

Submarines, German, 421 bombing of, 24

Supply operations, 122, 132, 170, 171, 256, 257, 258, 308, 404 aerial, 95, 345 German, 99 Normandy, 123 UTAH Beach, 97

Tank destroyer, 412

Tanks damaged, 136, 137 French, 157 German, 136, 137, 268, 301 light, 47, 133, 150, 247, 289, 314, 367 medium, 15, 22, 47, 62, 137, 149, 156, 160, 164, 168, 195, 204, 221, 230, 231, 233, 244, 307, 332, 342, 351, 367, 388, 398, 403, 414, 419, 423 on fire, 351 waterproofed, 62, 388 with hedgerow cutter, 133, 149 with rocket launcher, 403 with track extensions, 230, 231

Tanks, containers fuel, 48 oxygen, 13 water, 50

10 Downing Street, London, 45

Tents, 50, 109

Terrain Ardennes, 266–67 Austria, 426, 430, 431 Belgium, 280–81, 296–97 England, 35 flooded, 229 France, 78–79, 86–87, 95, 98, 100–101, 126, 140–41, 158–59, 176, 177, 220, 226–27, 318–19, 330–31, 334–35 Germany, 236–37, 336–37, 358–59, 362, 373, 409

Thanksgiving Day dinner, 228

_The Stars and Stripes_, V-E edition, 433

Tractors diesel, 161 high-speed, 18-ton M4, 192

Train, German, wrecked, 99

Training England, 6, 23, 28, 29, 42, 46, 53, 58, 60, 65, 66, 68, 69 Northern Ireland, 5, 17, 52 Officer Candidate School, 11 Scotland, 7

Transport planes, C-47, 94, 345, 404, 435

Transport ship, British, 25

Treadway bridges, 208, 240, 340, 357, 382 construction of, 161

Trench, 251

Trévières, France, 100–101

Troops. _See also_ Infantrymen. German, 420 Russian, 418

20 Grosvenor Square, London, 45

UTAH Beach, 86–87, 88

Vauban Canal, France, 334–35

V-bomb, German, 400

Vehicles ambulances, 19, 109, 317, 326 amphibian trucks, 68, 97, 123 armored car, 156, 157, 198, 200, 285 bulldozers, 44, 129, 161 burning, 407 cargo carrier, 253 damaged, 395 French, 190 German, 115, 195, 420, 426 gun motor carriages, 46, 103, 135, 185, 200, 207, 225 half-tracks, 46, 65, 217, 414 horse-drawn, 420, 426 howitzer motor carriages, 150, 169, 199 jeeps, 29, 326 on fire, 195 semitrailer, 258, 404 tank recovery, 65, 216 tractor, 20, 21, 44, 192 trailer, 170 trucks, 18, 121, 123, 170 weapons carrier, 122

Vire River, France, 161

Vire-Taute Canal, France, 112–13

Waldenburg, Germany, 415

War damage, 129, 155, 364, 385, 389, 411, 412, 415, 416

Water tanks, 50

“Weasel,” 253

Weather conditions, 5, 228, 229, 249, 250, 253, 255, 266–67, 288, 295, 320, 326, 430

Weather forecasting equipment, 38

Widensohlen Canal, France, 334–35

Women American Red Cross, 25 Army Auxiliary Corps, 25 Army Corps, 40 Army nurse, 51

Wuerzburg, Germany, 413

✋ U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1988 203-040/80010

PIN: 039019-000

FOOTNOTES:

[1] See Gordon A. Harrison, Cross-Channel Attack, Washington, D. C., 1951.

[2] See Martin Blumenson, Break-Out and Pursuit.

[3] See H. M. Cole, The Lorraine Campaign, Washington, D. C., 1950; and Gordon A. Harrison and Forest C. Pogue, Jr., The Rhineland and Central Germany, now in preparation for the series U. S. ARMY IN WORLD WAR II.

Transcriber’s Notes:

Obvious printers’, punctuation and spelling errors have been corrected silently.