Chapter 44

on _Viola amoena_, i. 368; sterility of _Vinca minor_ in England, ii. 170. SMITH, J., development of the ovary in _Bonatea speciosa_, by irritation of the stigma, i. 403. SMITH, N. H., influence of the bull "Favourite" on the breed of Short-horn cattle, ii. 65. SMITH, W., on the inter-crossing of strawberries, i. 352. SNAKE-RAT, ii. 87, 88. SNAKES, form of the viscera in, ii. 344. SNAPDRAGON, bud-variation in, i. 381; non-inheritance of colour in, ii. 21; peloric, crossed with the normal form, ii. 70, 93; asymmetrical variation of the, ii. 322. SOIL, adaptation of plums to, i. 346; influence of, on the zones of pelargoniums, i. 366; on roses, i. 367; on the variegation of leaves, i. 383; advantages of change of, ii. 146-148. SOIL and climate, effects of, on strawberries, i. 353. _Solanum_, non-intercrossing of species of, ii. 91. _Solanum tuberosum_, i. 330-331. SOLID-HOOFED pigs, i. 75. SOLOMON, his stud of horses, i. 55. SOMERVILLE, Lord, on the fleece of Merino sheep, i. 99; on crossing sheep, ii. 120; on selection of sheep, ii. 195; diminished fertility of Merino sheep brought from Spain, ii. 161. SOOTY fowls, i. 230, 256. SOTO, Ferdinand de, on the cultivation of native plants in Florida, i. 312. _Sorghum_, i. 371. SPAIN, hawthorn monogynous in, i. 364. SPALLANZANI, on feral rabbits in Lipari, i. 113; experiments on salamanders, ii. 15, 293, 385; experiments in feeding a pigeon with meat, ii. 304. SPANIELS, in India, i. 38; King Charles's, i. 41; degeneration of, caused by interbreeding, ii. 121. SPANISH fowls, i. 227, 250, 253; figured, i. 226; early development of sexual characters in, i. 250, 251; furcula of, figured, i. 268. SPECIES, difficulty of distinguishing from varieties, i. 4; conversion of varieties into, i. 5; origin of, by natural selection, ii. 414-415; by mutual sterility of varieties, ii. 185-189. {479} SPENCER, Lord, on selection in breeding, ii. 195. SPENCER, Herbert, on the "survival of the fittest," i. 6; increase of fertility by domestication, ii. 111; on life, ii. 148, 177; changes produced by external conditions, ii. 281; effects of use on organs, ii. 295, 296; ascent of the sap in trees, ii. 296; correlation exemplified in the Irish elk, ii. 333-334; on "physiological units," ii. 375; antagonism of growth and reproduction, ii. 384; formation of ducts in plants, ii. 300. SPERMATOPHORES of the cephalopoda, ii. 383. SPERMATOZOIDS, ii. 363-364; apparent independence of, in insects, ii. 384. SPHINGIDÆ, sterility of, in captivity, ii. 157. SPINOLA, on the injurious effect produced by flowering buckwheat on white pigs, ii. 337. SPITZ dog, i. 31. SPOONER, W. C., cross-breeding of sheep, i. 100, ii. 95-96, 120; on the effects of crossing, ii. 96-97; on crossing cattle, ii. 118; individual sterility, ii. 162. SPORES, reproduction of abnormal forms by, i. 383. SPORTS, i. 373; in pigeons, i. 213. SPOT pigeon, i. 156, 207. SPRENGEL, C. K., on dichogamous plants, ii. 90; on the hollyhock, ii. 107; on the functions of flowers, ii. 175. SPROULE, Mr., inheritance of cleft-palate and hare-lip, ii. 24. SPURS, of fowls, i. 255; development of, in hens, ii. 318. SQUASHES, i. 357. SQUINTING, hereditary, ii. 9. SQUIRRELS, generally sterile in captivity, ii. 152. SQUIRRELS, flying, breeding in confinement, ii. 152. "STAARHALSIGE Taube," i. 161. STAG, one-horned, supposed heredity of character in, ii. 12; degeneracy of, in the Highlands, ii. 208. STAMENS, occurrence of rudimentary, ii. 316; conversion of, into pistils, i. 365; into petals, ii. 392. _Staphylea_, ii. 168. STEENSTRUP, Prof., on the dog of the Danish Middens, i. 18; on the obliquity of flounders, ii. 53. STEINAN, J., on hereditary diseases, ii. 7, 79. STERILITY, in dogs, consequent on close confinement, i. 32; comparative, of crosses, ii. 103, 104; from changed conditions of life, ii. 148-165; occurring in the descendants of wild animals bred in captivity, ii. 160; individual, ii. 162; resulting from propagation by buds, cuttings, bulbs, &c., ii. 169; in hybrids, ii. 178-180, 386, 410-411; in specific hybrids of pigeons, i. 193; as connected with natural selection, ii. 185-189. STERNUM, characters of the, in rabbits, i. 123; in pigeons, i. 167, 174-175; in fowls, i. 268, 273; effects of disuse on the, i. 174-175, 273. STEPHENS, J. F., on the habits of the Bombycidæ, i. 303. STEWART, H., on hereditary disease, ii. 79. STIGMA, variation of the, in cultivated Cucurbitaceæ, i. 359; satiation of the, i. 402-403. STOCKS, bud-variation in, i. 381; effect of crossing upon the colour of the seed of, i. 398-399; true by seed, ii. 20; crosses of, ii. 93; varieties of, produced by selection, ii. 219; reversion by the upper seeds in the pods of, ii. 347-348. STOCKHOLM, fruit-trees of, ii. 307. STOKES, Prof., calculation of the chance of transmission of abnormal peculiarities in man, ii. 5. STOLONS, variations in the production of, by strawberries, i. 353. STOMACH, structure of the, affected by food, ii. 302. STONE in the bladder, hereditary, ii. 8, 79. STRAWBERRIES, i. 351-354; remarkable varieties of, i. 352-353; hautbois, dioecious, i. 353; selection in, ii. 200; mildew of, ii. 228; probable further modification of, ii. 243; variegated, effects of soil on, ii. 274. STRICKLAND, A., on the domestication of _Anser ferus_, i. 287; on the colour of the bill and legs in geese, i. 288. _Strictoenas_, i. 183. STRIPES on young of wild swine, i. 76; of domestic pigs of Turkey, Westphalia, and the Zambesi, i. 76-77; of feral swine of Jamaica and New Granada, i. 77; of fruit and flowers, i. 400, ii. 37; in horses, i. 56-60; in the ass, i. 62-63; production of, by crossing species of Equidæ, ii. 42-43. _Strix grallaria_, ii. 302. _Strix passerina_, ii. 154. "STRUPP-TAUBE," i. 155. STRUTHERS, Mr., osteology of the feet in solid-hoofed pigs, i. 75; on polydactylism, ii. 13-14. STURM, prepotency of transmission of characters in sheep and cattle, ii. 66; absorption of the minority in crossed races, ii. 88; correlation of twisted horns and curled wool in sheep, ii. 326. {480} SUB-SPECIES, wild, of _Columba livia_ and other pigeons, i. 204. SUCCESSION, geological, of organisms, i. 11. SUCKERS, bud-variation by, i. 384. SUGAR cane, sterility of, in various countries, ii. 169; white, liability of, to disease, ii. 228, 336. SUICIDE, hereditary tendency to, ii. 7, 78. SULIVAN, Admiral, on the horses of the Falkland Islands, i. 53; wild pigs of the Falkland Islands, i. 77; feral cattle of the Falkland Islands, i. 86, 102; feral rabbits of the Falkland Islands, i. 112. SULTAN fowl, i. 228, 255. _Sus indica_, i. 65, 67-70, ii. 110. _Sus pliciceps_, i. 69 (figured). _Sus scrofa_, i. 65, 66, ii. 110. _Sus scrofa palustris_, i. 68. _Sus vittatus_, i. 67. SWALLOWS, a breed of pigeons, i. 156. SWAYNE, Mr., on artificial crossing of varieties of the pea, i. 397. SWEET Peas, ii. 91; crosses of, ii. 93, 94; varieties of, coming true by seed, ii. 20; acclimatisation of, in India, ii. 311. SWEET William, bud-variation in, i. 381. SWINHOE, R., on Chinese pigeons, i. 28, 206; on striped Chinese horses, i. 59. SWITZERLAND, ancient dogs of, i. 19; pigs of, in the Neolithic period, i. 67-68; goats of, i. 101. SYCAMORE, pale-leaved variety of the, ii. 330. SYKES, Colonel, on a Pariah dog with crooked legs, i. 17; on small Indian asses, i. 62; on _Gallus Sonneratii_, i. 233; on the voice of the Indian Kulm cock, i. 259; fertility of the fowl in most climates, ii. 161. SYMMETRY, hereditary departures from, ii. 12. _Symphytum_, variegated, i. 384. SYPHILIS, hereditary, ii. 332. SYRIA, asses of, i. 62. _Syringa persica_, _chinensis_, and _vulgaris_, ii. 164.

TACITUS, on the care taken by the Celts in breeding animals, ii. 202. _Tagetes signata_, dwarf variety of, ii. 20. TAHITI, varieties of cultivated plants in, ii. 256. TAIL, occasional development of, in man, ii. 57; never curled in wild animals, ii. 301; rudimentary in Chinese sheep, ii. 315. TAIL-FEATHERS, numbers of, in breeds of pigeons, i. 158-159; peculiarities of, in cocks, i. 254-255; variability of, in fowls, i. 258; curled, in _Anas boschas_, and tame drakes, i. 280. TALENT, hereditary, ii. 7. TANKERVILLE, Earl of, on Chillingham cattle, i. 84, ii. 119. TANNER, Prof., effects of disuse of parts in cattle, ii. 299. TAPIR, sterility of the, in captivity, ii. 150. TARGIONI-TOZZETTI, on cultivated plants, i. 306; on the vine, i. 332; varieties of the peach, i. 342; origin and varieties of the plum, i. 345; origin of the cherry, i. 347; origin of roses, i. 366. TARSUS, variability of the, in fowls, i. 259; reproduction of the, in a thrush, ii. 15. TARTARS, their preference for spiral-horned sheep, ii. 209. TAVERNIER, abundance of pigeons in Persia, i. 205. _Taxus baccata_, ii. 18. TEEBAY, Mr., reversion in fowls, ii. 38. TEETH, number and position of, in dogs, i. 34; deficiency of, in naked Turkish dogs, i. 35; period of appearance of, in breeds of dogs, i. 35; precocity of, in highly bred animals, ii. 322; correlation of, with hair, ii. 326; double row of, with redundant hair, in Julia Pastrana, ii. 328; affected in form by hereditary syphilis and by pulmonary tubercle, ii. 332; fusion of, ii. 341; developed on the palate, ii. 391. TEGETMEIER, Mr., on a cat with monstrous teeth, i. 48; on a swift-like pigeon, i. 157; naked young of some pigeons, i. 170; fertility of hybrid pigeons, i. 192; on white pigeons, ii. 230; reversion in crossed breeds of fowls, i. 239-244; chicks of the white silk-fowl, i. 249; development of the cranial protuberance in Polish fowls, i. 250; on the skull in the Polish fowl, i. 257, 262; on the intelligence of Polish fowls, i. 264; correlation of the cranial protuberance and crest in Polish fowls, i. 274; development of the web in the feet of Polish fowls, i. 259; early development of several peculiarities in Spanish cocks, i. 250; on the comb in Spanish fowls, i. 253; on the Spanish fowl, ii. 306; varieties of game-fowls, i. 252; pedigrees of game-fowls, ii. 3; assumption of female plumage by a game cock, i. 253; natural selection in the game cock, ii. 225; pugnacity of game hens, i. 256; length of the middle toe in Cochin fowls, i. 259; origin of the Sebright bantam, ii. 54; differences in the size of fowls, i. 257; effect of crossing in fowls, i. 258, ii. 96; effects of interbreeding in fowls, ii. 124-125; incubation by mongrels of non-sitting races of fowls, ii. 44; inverse correlation of crest and comb in fowls, i. 274; {481} occurrence of pencilled feathers in fowls, ii. 40; on a variety of the goose from Sebastopol, i. 289; on the fertility of the peahen, ii. 112; on the intercrossing of bees, ii. 126. TEMMINCK, origin of domestic cats, i. 43; origin of domestic pigeons, i. 180; on _Columba guinea_, i. 182; on _Columba leucocephala_, i. 183; asserted reluctance of some breeds of pigeons to cross, i. 192; sterility of hybrid turtle-doves, i. 193; variations of _Gallus bankiva_, i. 235; on a buff-coloured breed of Turkeys, i. 293; number of eggs laid by the peahen, ii. 112; breeding of Guans in captivity, ii. 156; behaviour of grouse in captivity, _ibid._; sterility of the partridge in captivity, _ibid._ TENDRILS in Cucurbitaceæ, i. 358, ii. 316. TENNENT, Sir J. E., on the goose, i. 287; on the growth of the apple in Ceylon, ii. 277; on the Jaffna sheep, ii. 302. _Teredo_, fertilisation in, ii. 363. TERRIERS, wry-legged, ii. 245; white, subject to distemper, ii. 336. TESCHEMACHER, on a husked form of maize, i. 320. TESSIER, on the period of gestation of the dog, i. 29; of the pig, i. 74; in cattle, i. 87; experiments on change of soil, ii. 147. _Tetrao_, breeding of species of, in captivity, ii. 156. _Tetrapteryx paradisea_, ii. 156. _Teucrium campanulatum_, pelorism in, ii. 345. TEXAS, feral cattle in, i. 85. THEOGNIS, his notice of the domestic fowl, i. 246. THEOPHRASTUS, his notice of the peach, ii. 308. _Thesium_, ii. 284. THOMPSON, Mr., on the peach and nectarine, i. 342; on the varieties of the apricot, i. 344; classification of varieties of cherries, i. 347-348; on the "Sister ribston-pippin," i. 350; on the varieties of the gooseberry, i. 354, 355. THOMPSON, William, on the pigeons of Islay, i. 184; feral pigeons in Scotland, i. 190; colour of the bill and legs in geese, i. 288; breeding of _Tetrao scotius_ in captivity, ii. 156; destruction of black-fowls by the osprey, ii. 230. THOMPSON, Prof. W., on the obliquity of the flounder, ii. 53. THORNS, reconversion of, into branches, in pear trees, ii. 318. THORN, grafting of early and late, i. 363; Glastonbury, i. 364. THRUSH, asserted reproduction of the tarsus in a, ii. 15. _Thuja pendula_ or _filiformis_, a variety of _T. orientalis_, i. 362. THURET, on the division of the zoospores of an alga, ii. 378. THWAITES, G. H., on the cats of Ceylon, i. 46; on a twin seed of _Fuchsia coccinea_ and _fulgens_, i. 391. TIBURTIUS, experiments in rearing wild ducks, i. 278. TIGER, rarely fertile in captivity, ii. 150, 151. _Tigridia conchiflora_, bud-variation in, i. 386. TIME, importance of, in the production of races, ii. 243. TINZMANN, self-impotence in the potato, ii. 137. TISSUES, affinity of, for special organic substances, ii. 380. TITMICE, destructive to thin-shelled walnuts, i. 356; attacking nuts, i. 357; attacking peas, ii. 231. TOBACCO, crossing of varieties of, ii. 108; cultivation of in Sweden, ii. 307. TOBOLSK, red-coloured cats of, i. 47. TOES, relative length of, in fowls, i. 259; development of fifth in dogs, ii. 317. TOLLET, Mr., his selection of cattle, ii. 199. TOMATO, ii. 91. TOMTITS. See _Titmice_. TONGUE, relation of, to the beak in pigeons, i. 168. TOOTH, occurrence of a molar, in place of an incisor, ii. 391. "TORFSCHWEIN," i. 68. TRAIL, R., on the union of half-tubers of different kinds of potatoes, i. 395. TREES, varieties of, suddenly produced, i. 361; weeping or pendulous, i. 361; fastigate or pyramidal, i. 361; with variegated or changed foliage, i. 362; early or late in leaf, i. 362-363; forest, non-application of selection to, ii. 237. "TREMBLEUR" (pigeons), i. 146. TREMBLEY, on reproduction in Hydra, ii. 359. "TREVOLTINI" silkworms, i. 301-302. _Trichosanthes anguina_, i. 360. TRICKS, inheritance of, ii. 6-7, 395. _Trifolium minus_ and _repens_, ii. 164. TRIMORPHIC plants, conditions of reproduction in, ii. 181-184. TRISTRAM, H. B., selection of the dromedary, ii. 205-206. _Triticum dicoccum_, i. 319. _Triticum monococcum_, i. 319. _Triticum spelta_, i. 319. _Triticum turgidum_, i. 319. _Triticum vulgare_, wild in Asia, i. 312. {482} TRITON, breeding in the branchiferous stage, ii. 384. "TROMMEL-TAUBE," i. 154. "TRONFO" pigeon, i. 144. _Tropæolum_, ii. 38. _Tropæolum minus_ and _majus_, reversion in hybrids of, i. 392. TROUBETZKOY, Prince, experiments with pear-trees at Moscow, ii. 307. TROUSSEAU, Prof., pathological resemblance of twins, ii. 252. TRUMPETER pigeon, i. 154; known in 1735, i. 207. TSCHARNER, H. A. de, graft-hybrid produced by inosculation in the vine, i. 395. TSCHUDI, on the naked Peruvian dog, i. 23; extinct varieties of maize from Peruvian tombs, i. 320, ii. 425. TUBERS, bud-variation by, i. 384-385. TUCKERMAN, Mr., sterility of _Carex rigida_, ii. 170. TUFTED ducks, i. 281. TULIPS, variability of, i. 370; bud-variation in, i. 385-386; influence of soil in "breaking," i. 385. TUMBLER pigeon, i. 150-153; short-faced, figured, i. 152; skull figured, i. 163; lower jaw figured, i. 165; scapula and furcula figured, i. 167; early known in India, i. 207; history of, i. 209; sub-breeds of, i. 220; young unable to break the egg-shell, ii. 226; probable further modification of, ii. 242. "TÜMMLER" (pigeons), i. 150. TUMOURS, ovarian, occurrence of hairs and teeth in, ii. 370; polypoid, origin of, ii. 381. "TÜRKISCHE TAUBE," i. 139. TURBIT (pigeon), i. 148. TURKEY, domestic, origin of, i. 292-293; crossing of with North American wild Turkey, i. 292-293; breeds of, i. 293; crested white cock, i. 293; wild, characters of, i. 293-294; degeneration of, in India, i. 294, ii. 278; failure of eggs of, in Delhi, ii. 161; feral on the Parana, i. 190; change produced in by domestication, ii. 262. TURKEY, striped young pigs in, i. 76. TURNER (pigeon), i. 156. TURNER, W., on compensation in arteries and veins, ii. 300; on cells, ii. 370. TURNIPS, origin of, i. 325; reversion in, ii. 31; run wild, ii. 33; crosses of, ii. 93, 96; Swedish, preferred by hares, ii. 232; acclimatisation of, in India, ii. 311. TURNSPIT, on an Egyptian monument, i. 17; crosses of the, ii. 92. TURTLE-DOVE, white and coloured, crossing of, ii. 92. _Turtur auritus_, hybrids of, with _T. cambayensis_ and _T. suratensis_, i. 194. _Turtur risorius_, crossing of, with the common pigeon, i. 193; hybrid of, with _T. vulgaris_, _ibid._ _Turtur suratensis_, sterile hybrids of, with _T. vulgaris_, i. 193; hybrids of, with _T. auritus_, i. 194. _Turtur vulgaris_, crossing of, with the common pigeon, i. 193; hybrid of, with _T. risorius_, _ibid._; sterile hybrids of, with _T. suratensis_ and _Ectopistes migratorius_, _ibid._ TUSKS of wild and domesticated pigs, i. 76, 77. _Tussilago farfara_, variegated, i. 384. TWIN-SEED _Fuchsia coccinea_ and _fulgens_, i. 391. TYERMAN, B., on the pigs of the Pacific islands, i. 70, ii. 87; on the dogs of the Pacific islands, ii. 87. TYLOR, Mr., on the prohibition of consanguineous marriages, ii. 122-123.

UDDERS, development of the, ii. 300. _Ulex_, double-flowered, ii. 167. _Ulmus campestris_ and _effusa_, hybrids of, ii. 130. UNIFORMITY of character, maintained by crossing, ii. 85-90. UNITS of the body, functional independence of the, ii. 368-371. UNITY or plurality of origin of organisms, i. 13. UPAS poison, ii. 380. UREA, secretion of, ii. 380. USE and disuse of parts, effects of, ii. 295-303, 352-353, 418-419; in rabbits, i. 124-128; in ducks, i. 284-286. UTILITY, considerations of, leading to uniformity, ii. 241.

VALENTIN, experimental production of double monsters by, ii. 340. _Vallota_, ii. 139. VAN BECK, Barbara, a hairy-faced woman, ii. 4. VAN MONS on wild fruit-trees, i. 312, ii. 260; production of varieties of the vine, i. 333; correlated variability in fruit-trees, ii. 330; production of almond-like fruit by peach-seedlings, i. 339. _Vanessa_, species of, not copulating in captivity, ii. 157. VARIABILITY, i. 4, ii. 371-373, 394-397, 406-420; causes of, ii. 250-270; correlated, ii. 319-338, 353-355, 419-420; law of equable, ii. 351-352; necessity of, for selection, ii. 192; of selected characters, ii. 238-239; of multiple homologous parts, ii. 342. {483} VARIATION, laws of, ii. 293-356; continuity of, ii. 241; possible limitation of, ii. 242, 416-417; in domestic cats, i. 45-48; origin of breeds of cattle by, i. 88; in osteological characters of rabbits, i. 115-130; of important organs, i. 359; analogous or parallel, i. 348-352; in horses, i. 55; in the horse and ass, i. 64; in fowls, i. 243-246; in geese, i. 288; exemplified in the production of fleshy stems in cabbages, &c., i. 326; in the peach, nectarine, and apricot, i. 342, 344; individual, in wheat, i. 314. VARIEGATION of foliage, i. 383, ii. 167-168. VARIETIES and species, resemblance of, i. 4, ii. 411-413; conversion of, into species, i. 5; abnormal, ii. 413; domestic, gradually produced, ii. 414. VARRO, on domestic ducks, i. 277; on feral fowls, ii. 33; crossing of the wild and domestic ass, ii. 206. VASEY, Mr., on the number of sacral vertebræ in ordinary and humped cattle, i. 79; on Hungarian cattle, i. 80. VAUCHER, sterility of _Ranunculus ficaria_ and _Acorus calamus_, ii. 170. VEGETABLES, cultivated, reversion in, ii. 31-32; European, culture of, in India, ii. 168-169. VEITH, Mr., on breeds of horses, i. 49. _Verbascum_, intercrossing of species of, i. 336, ii. 93, 105-107; reversion in hybrids of, i. 392; contabescent, wild plants of, ii. 165; villosity in, ii. 277. _Verbascum austriacum_, ii. 136. _Verbascum blattaria_, ii. 105-106. _Verbascum lychnitis_, ii. 105-106, 136. _Verbascum nigrum_, ii. 136. _Verbascum phoeniceum_, ii. 107, 137; variable duration of, ii. 305. _Verbascum thapsus_, ii. 106. VERBENAS, origin of, i. 364; white, liability of, to mildew, ii. 228, 336; scorching of dark, ii. 229, 336; effect of changed conditions of life on, ii. 273. VERLOT, on the darkleaved Barberry, i. 362; inheritance of peculiarities of foliage in trees, i. 362; production of _Rosa cannabifolia_ by bud-variation from _R. alba_, i. 381; bud-variation in _Aralia trifoliata_, i. 382; variegation of leaves, i. 383; colours of tulips, i. 386; uncertainty of inheritance, ii. 18; persistency of white flowers, ii. 20; peloric flowers of _Linaria_, ii. 58; tendency of striped flowers to uniformity of colour, ii. 70; non-intercrossing of certain allied plants, ii. 91; sterility of _Primulæ_ with coloured calyces, ii. 166; on fertile proliferous flowers, _ibid._; on the Irish yew, ii. 241; differences in the _Camellia_, ii. 251; effect of soil on the variegated strawberry, ii. 274; correlated variability in plants, ii. 330. _Verruca_, ii. 53, 400. VERTEBRÆ, characters of, in rabbits, i. 120-122; in ducks, i. 283-284; number and variations of, in pigeons, i. 165-166; number and characters of, in fowls, i. 266-268; variability of number of, in the pig, i. 74. VERTUCH, see Putsche. "VERUGAS," ii. 276. VESPUCIUS, early cultivation in Brazil, i. 311. VIBERT'S experiments on the cultivation of the vine from seed, i. 332. _Viburnum opulus_, ii. 185, 316. _Vicia sativa_, leaflet converted into a tendril in, ii. 392. VICUNAS, selection of, ii. 207. VILLOSITY of plants, influenced by dryness, ii. 277. VILMORIN, cultivation of the wild carrot, i. 326, ii. 217; colours of tulips, i. 386; uncertainty of inheritance in balsams and roses, ii. 18; experiments with dwarf varieties of _Saponaria calabrica_ and _Tagetes signata_, ii. 20; reversion of flowers by stripes and blotches, ii. 37; on variability, ii. 262. _Vinca minor_, sterility in, ii. 170. VINE, i. 332-334; parsley-leaved, reversion of, i. 382; graft-hybrid produced by inosculation in the, i. 395; disease of, influenced by colour of grapes, ii. 228; influence of climate, &c., on varieties of the, ii. 278; diminished extent of cultivation of the, ii. 308; acclimatisation of the, in the West Indies, ii. 313. _Viola_, species of, i. 368. _Viola lutea_, different coloured flowers in, i. 408. _Viola tricolor_, reversion in, ii. 31, 47. VIRCHOW, Prof., blindness occurring in the offspring of consanguineous marriages, ii. 143; on the growth of bones, ii. 294, 381; on cellular prolification, ii. 295; independence of the elements of the body, ii. 369; on the cell-theory, ii. 370; presence of hairs and teeth in ovarian tumours, ii. 370; of hairs in the brain, ii. 391; special affinities of the tissues, ii. 380; origin of polypoid excrescences and tumours, ii. 381. VIRGIL on the selection of seed-corn, i. 318, ii. 203; of cattle and sheep, ii. 202. VIRGINIAN islands, ponies of, i. 52. _Virgularia_, ii. 378. VISION, hereditary peculiarities of, ii. 8-9; {484} in amphibious animals, ii. 223; varieties of, ii. 300; affections of organs of, correlated with other peculiarities, ii. 328. _Vitis vinifera_, i. 332-334, 375. _Viverra_, sterility of species of, in captivity, ii. 151. VOGEL, varieties of the date palm, ii. 256. VOGT, on the indications of stripes on black kittens, ii. 55. VOICE, differences of, in fowls, i. 259; peculiarities of, in ducks, i. 281; inheritance of peculiarities of, ii. 6. VOLZ, on the history of the dog, i. 16; ancient history of the fowl, i. 246; domestic ducks unknown to Aristotle, i. 277; Indian cattle sent to Macedonia by Alexander, ii. 202; mention of mules in the Bible, ii. 202; history of the increase of breeds, ii. 244. VON BERG on _Verbascum phoeniceum_, ii. 305. VOORHELM, G., his knowledge of hyacinths, i. 371, ii. 251. VROLIK, Prof., on polydactylism, ii. 12; on double monsters, ii. 340; influence of the shape of the mother's pelvis on her child's head, ii. 344.

WADERS, behaviour of, in confinement, ii. 156. WAHLENBERG, on the propagation of Alpine plants by buds, runners, bulbs, &c., ii. 169. "WAHLVERWANDTSCHAFT" of Gärtner, ii. 180. WALES, white cattle of, in the 10th century, i. 85. WALKER, A., on intermarriage, i. 404; on the inheritance of polydactylism, ii. 13. WALKER, D., advantage of change of soil to wheat, ii. 146. WALLACE, A. R., on a striped Javanese horse, i. 59; on the conditions of life of feral animals, ii. 32; artificial alteration of the plumage of birds, ii. 280; on polymorphic butterflies, ii. 399-400; on reversion, ii. 415; on the limit of change, ii. 417. WALLACE, Dr., on the sterility of Sphingidæ hatched in autumn, ii. 158. WALLACHIAN sheep, sexual peculiarities in the horns of, i. 96. WALLFLOWER, bud-variation in, i. 382. WALLICH, Dr., on _Thuja pendula_ or _filiformis_, i. 362. WALNUTS, i. 356-357; thin-shelled, attacked by tomtits, ii. 231; grafting of, ii. 259. WALSH, B. D., on galls, ii. 282, 283; his "Law of equable variability," ii. 351-352. WALTHER, F. L., on the history of the dog, i. 16; on the intercrossing of the zebu and ordinary cattle, i. 83. WARING, Mr., on individual sterility, ii. 162. WART hog, i. 76. WATERER, Mr., spontaneous production of _Cytisus alpino-laburnum_, i. 390. WATER melon, i. 357. WATERHOUSE, G. R., on the winter-colouring of _Lepus variabilis_, i. 111. WATERTON, C., production of tailless foals, i. 53; on taming wild ducks, i. 278; on the wildness of half-bred wild ducks, ii. 45; assumption of male characters by a hen, ii. 51. WATSON, H. C., on British wild fruit-trees, i. 312; on the non-variation of weeds, i. 317; origin of the plum, i. 345; variation in _Pyrus malus_, i. 348; on _Viola amoena_ and _tricolor_, i. 368; on reversion in Scotch kail, ii. 32; fertility of _Draba sylvestris_ when cultivated, ii. 163; on generally distributed British plants, ii. 285. WATTLES, rudimentary, in some fowls, ii. 315. WATTS, Miss, on Sultan fowls, i. 228. WEBB, James, interbreeding of sheep, ii. 120. WEBER, effect of the shape of the mother's pelvis on her child's head, ii. 344. WEEDS, supposed necessity for their modification, coincidently with cultivated plants, i. 317. WEEPING varieties of trees, i. 361. WEEPING habit of trees, capricious inheritance of, ii. 18-19. WEEVIL, injury done to stone-fruit by, in North America, ii. 231. WELSH cattle, descended from _Bos longifrons_, i. 81. WEST Indies, feral pigs of, i. 77; effect of climate of, upon sheep, i. 98. WESTERN, Lord, change effected by, in the sheep, ii. 198. WESTPHALIA, striped young pigs in, i. 76. WESTWOOD, J. O., on peloric flowers of _Calceolaria_, ii. 346. WHATELY, Archbishop, on grafting early and late thorns, i. 363. WHEAT, specific unity or diversity of, i. 312-313, 316-317; Hasora, i. 313; presence or absence of barbs in, i. 314; Godron on variations in, _ibid._; varieties of, i. 314-315; effects of soil and climate on, i. 316; deterioration of, _ibid._; crossing of varieties of, _ibid._, ii. 96, 104-105, 130; in the Swiss lake-dwellings, i. 317-319; selection applied to, i. 318, ii. 200; increased fertility of hybrids of, with _Ægilops_, ii. 110; advantage of change of soil to, ii. 146; {485} differences of, in various parts of India, ii. 165; continuous variation in, ii. 200; red, hardiness of, ii. 229, 336; Fenton, ii. 232; natural selection in, ii. 233; varieties of, found wild, ii. 260; effects of change of climate on, ii. 307; ancient variety of, ii. 429. WHITBY, Mrs., on the markings of silkworms, i. 302; on the silkmoth, i. 303. WHITE, Mr., reproduction of supernumerary digits after amputation, ii. 14; time occupied in the blending of crossed races, ii. 87. WHITE, Gilbert, vegetable diet of dogs, ii. 303. WHITE and white-spotted animals, liability of, to disease, ii. 336-337. WHITE flowers, most truly reproduced by seed, ii. 20. WICHURA, Max, on hybrid willows, ii. 50, 131, 267; analogy between the pollen of old-cultivated plants, and of hybrids, ii. 268. WICKING, Mr., inheritance of the primary characters of _Columba livia_ in cross-bred pigeons, i. 201; production of a white head in almond tumblers, ii. 199. WICKSTED, Mr., on cases of individual sterility, ii. 162. WIEGMANN, spontaneous crossing of blue and white peas, i. 397; crossing of varieties of cabbage, ii. 130; on contabescence, ii. 165. WIGHT, Dr., sexual sterility of plants propagated by buds, &c., ii. 169. WILDE, Sir W. R., occurrence of _Bos frontosus_ and _longifrons_ in Irish crannoges, i. 81; attention paid to breeds of animals by the ancient Irish, ii. 203. WILDMAN, on the dahlia, ii. 216, 273. WILDNESS of the progeny of crossed tame animals, ii. 44-46. WILKES, Capt., on the taming of pigeons among the Polynesians, ii. 161. WILKINSON, J., on crossed cattle, ii. 104. WILLIAMS, Mr., change of plumage in a Hamburgh hen, i. 258. WILLIAMS, Mr., intercrossing of strawberries, i. 352. WILLIAMSON, Capt., degeneration of dogs in India, i. 37; on small Indian asses, i. 62. WILLIAMSON, Rev. W., doubling of _Anemone coronaria_ by selection, ii. 200. WILLOWS, weeping, i. 361; reversion of spiral-leaved weeping, i. 383; hybrids of, ii. 267; galls of, ii. 282-283. WILLOUGHBY, F., notice of spot pigeons, i. 156; on a fantail pigeon, i. 208; on tumbler pigeons, i. 209; on the turbit, i. 209; on the barb and carrier pigeons, i. 211; on the hook-billed duck, i. 277. WILMOT, Mr., on a crested white Turkey cock, i. 293; reversion of sheep in colour, ii. 30. WILSON, B. O., fertility of hybrids of humped and ordinary cattle in Tasmania, i. 83. WILSON, Dr., prepotency of the Manx over the common cat, ii. 66. WILSON, James, origin of dogs, i. 16. WILSON, Mr., on prepotency of transmission in sheep, ii. 69; on the breeding of bulls, ii. 196. WINGS, proportionate length of, in different breeds of pigeons, i. 175-176; of fowls, effects of disuse on, i. 270-272; characters and variations of, in ducks, i. 284-286; diminution of, in birds of small islands, i. 286-287. WING-FEATHERS, number of, in pigeons, i. 159; variability of, in fowls, i. 258. WOLF, recent existence of, in Ireland, i. 16; barking of young, i. 27; hybrids of, with the dog, i. 32. WOLF-DOG, black, of Florida, i. 22. WOLVES, North American, their resemblance to dogs of the same region, i. 21-22; burrowing of, i. 27. WOODBURY, Mr., crossing of the Ligurian and common hive bees, i. 299, ii. 126; variability of bees, i. 298. WOODWARD, S. P., on Arctic Mollusca, ii. 256. WOOD, Willoughby, on Mr. Bates' cattle, ii. 118. WOOLER, W. A., on the young of the Himalayan rabbit, i. 109; persistency of the coloured calyx in a crossed Polyanthus, i. 365. WORRARA poison, ii. 380. WOUNDS, healing of, ii. 294. WRIGHT, J., production of crippled calves by shorthorned cattle, ii. 118; on selection in cattle, ii. 194; effect of close interbreeding on pigs, ii. 121-122; deterioration of game cocks by close interbreeding, ii. 124. WRIGHT, Strethill, on the development of the hydroida, ii. 368. WYMAN, Dr., on Niata cattle, and on a similar malformation in the codfish, i. 89; on Virginian pigs, ii. 227.

XENOPHON, on the colours of hunting dogs, ii. 209. XIMENES, Cardinal, regulations for the selection of rams, ii. 204.

"YAHOO," the name of the pigeon in Persia, i. 155. YAKS, domestication of, i. 82; selection of white-tailed, ii. 206, 209. {486} YAM, development of axillary bulbs in the, ii. 169. YARRELL, Mr., deficiency of teeth in hairless dogs, i. 34, ii. 326; on ducks, i. 279, ii. 262; characters of domestic goose, resembling those of _Anser albifrons_, i. 288; whiteness of ganders, i. 288; variations in goldfish, i. 296-297; assumption of male plumage by the hen-pheasant, ii. 51; effect of castration upon the cock, ii. 51-52; breeding of the skylark in captivity, ii. 154; plumage of the male linnet in confinement, ii. 158; on the dingo, ii. 263. YELLOW fever, in Mexico, ii. 276. YEW, fastigate, ii. 241. YEW, Irish, hardy in New York, ii. 309. YEW, weeping, i. 361; propagation of, by seed, ii. 18-19. YOLK, variations of, in the eggs of ducks, i. 281. YOUATT, Mr., history of the dog, i. 16-17; variations of the pulse in breeds of dogs, i. 35; liability to disease in dogs, i. 35, ii. 227; inheritance of goître in dogs, ii. 10; on the greyhound, i. 34, 41; on King Charles' spaniels, i. 41; on the setter, i. 41; on breeds of horses, i. 49; variation in the number of ribs in the horse, i. 50; inheritance of diseases in the horse, ii. 10, 11; introduction of Eastern blood into English horses, ii. 212-213; on white Welsh cattle, i. 85, ii. 209; improvement of British breeds of cattle, i. 93; rudiments of horns in young hornless cattle, ii. 55, 315; on crossed cattle, ii. 104, 119; on Bakewell's long-horned cattle, ii. 118; selection of qualities in cattle, ii. 196; degeneration of cattle by neglect, ii. 239; on the skull in hornless cattle, ii. 333; disease of white parts of cattle, ii. 337; displacement of long-horned by short-horned cattle, ii. 426; on Angola sheep, i. 95; on the fleece of sheep, i. 99; correlation of horns and fleece in sheep, i. 95; adaptation of breeds of sheep to climate and pasture, i. 96; horns of Wallachian sheep, i. 96; exotic sheep in the Zoological Gardens, i. 96-97, ii. 305; occurrence of horns in hornless breeds of sheep, ii. 30; on the colour of sheep, ii. 30; on interbreeding sheep, ii. 120; on Merino rams in Germany, ii. 196; effect of unconscious selection on sheep, ii. 213; reversion of Leicester sheep on the Lammermuir Hills, ii. 224; on many-horned sheep, ii. 326; reduction of bone in sheep, ii. 242; persistency of character in breeds of animals in mountainous countries,