Chapter 40

on the action of pollen, ii. 108; fertilisation of _Malva_, i. 402-403, ii. 363; prepotency of pollen, ii. 187; prepotency of transmission in species of _Nicotiana_, ii. 67; bud-variation in _Pelargonium zonale_, i. 375; in _Oenothera biennis_, i. 382; in _Achillæa millefolium_, i. 408; effect of manure on the fertility of plants, ii. 163; on contabescence, ii. 165-166; inheritance of plasticity, ii. 241; villosity of plants, ii. 277. GEESE (_anseres_) general fertility of, in captivity, ii. 157. GEGENBAUR, on the number of digits, ii. 13. GEMMATION and fission, ii. 358. {453} GEMMULES, or cell-gemmules, ii. 374, 378-381, 384. GENET, fertility of the, in captivity, ii. 151. GENERATION, alternate, ii. 361, 367, 390. GENERATION, sexual, ii. 359-364. GENIUS, inheritance of, ii. 7. _Gentiana amarella_, ii. 168. GEOFFROY Saint-Hilaire, production of monstrous chickens, ii. 289; "_Loi de l'affinité de soi pour soi_," ii. 339; compensation of growth, ii. 342. GEOFFROY Saint-Hilaire, Isid., origin of the dog, i. 66; barking of a jackal, i. 27; period of gestation and odour of the jackal, i. 30; anomalies in the teeth of dogs, i. 34; variations in the proportions of dogs, i. 35; webbed feet of Newfoundland dogs, i. 39; crossing of domestic and wild cats, i. 44; domestication of the arni, i. 82; supposed introduction of cattle into Europe from the East, _ibid._; absence of interdigital pits in sheep, i. 95; origin of the goat, i. 101; feral geese, i. 190; ancient history of the fowl, i. 246; skull of the Polish fowl, i. 262; preference of the Romans for the liver of white geese, i. 289; polydactylism, ii. 12; assumption of male characters by female birds, ii. 51; supernumerary mammæ in women, ii. 58; development of a proboscis in the pig, _ibid._; transmission and blending of characters in hybrids, ii. 94; refusal of animals to breed in captivity, ii. 149; on the Guinea pig, ii. 152; silkworms producing white cocoons, ii. 199; on the carp, ii. 236; on _Helix lactea_, ii. 280; on monstrosities, ii. 254; injury to the embryo a cause of monstrosity, ii. 269; alteration in the coat of horses in coal mines, ii. 278; length of the intestines in wild and tame animals, ii. 302-303; inheritance of rudimentary limbs in the dog, ii. 315; correlation in monstrosities, ii. 320; supernumerary digits in man, ii. 322; co-existence of anomalies, ii. 331; fusion of homologous parts, ii. 341-342; presence of hairs and teeth in ovarian tumours, ii. 370; development of teeth on the palate in the horse, ii. 391. GEOGRAPHICAL differences of faunas, i. 10. GEOLOGICAL succession of organisms, i. 11. _Geranium_, ii. 59. _Geranium phæum_ and _pyrenaicum_, ii. 258. _Geranium pratense_, i. 379. GERARD, asserted climatal change in Burgundian bees, i. 297. GERARDE, on varieties of the hyacinth, i. 370. GERSTÄCKER, on hive-bees, i. 299. GERVAIS, Prof., origin of the dog, i. 16; resemblance of dogs and jackals, i. 24; taming of the jackal, i. 26; number of teeth in dogs, i. 34; breeds of dogs, i. 36; on tertiary horses, i. 51; biblical notices of horses, i. 55; species of _Ovis_, i. 94; wild and domestic rabbits, i. 103; rabbits from Mount Sinai and Algeria, i. 105; earless rabbits, i. 108; batrachia with doubled limbs, ii. 391. GESTATION, period of, in the dog, wolf, &c, i. 29-30; in the pig, i. 74; in cattle, i. 87, ii. 321; in sheep, i. 97. GESTURES, inheritance of peculiarities in, ii. 6. "GHOONDOOKS" a sub-breed of fowls, i. 229. GHOR-KHUR, ii. 42. GILES, Mr., effect of cross-breeding in the pig, i. 404. GIRAFFE, co-ordination of structure of, ii. 221. GIRARD, period of appearance of permanent teeth in dogs, i. 35. GIROU de Buzareingues, inheritance in the horse, ii. 10; reversion by age in cattle, ii. 38; prepotency of transmission of character in sheep and cattle, ii. 66; on crossing gourds, ii. 108. GISBURNE, wild cattle at, i. 84. _Gladiolus_, i. 364; self-impotence of hybrids of, ii. 139. _Gladiolus colvillii_, bud-variation in, i. 382. GLANDS, compensatory development of, ii. 300. GLASTONBURY thorn, i. 364. GLENNY, Mr., on the _Cineraria_, ii. 200. GLOEDE, F., on strawberries, i. 353. GLOGER, on the wings of ducks, ii. 298. "GLOUGLOU" (pigeon), i. 154. _Gloxiniæ_, peloric, i. 365, ii. 167. GMELIN, on red cats, at Tobolsk, i. 47. GOAT, i. 101-102, ii. 33; polydactylism in the, ii. 14; sexual differences in horns of, ii. 73; valued by South Africans, ii. 207; Thibet, ii. 278; amount of milk and development of udders in the, ii. 300; hornless, rudimentary bony cores in, ii. 316; Angora, ii. 326. GODRON, odour of the hairless Turkish dog, i. 30; differences in the skull of dogs, i. 34; increase of breeds of horses, i. 51; crossing of domestic and wild swine, i. 66; on goats, i. 101-102; colour of the skin in fowls, i. 258; bees of north and south of France, i. 297; introduction of the silkworm into Europe, i. 300; variability in the silkworm, i. 304; supposed species of wheat, i. 312-314; on _Ægilops triticoides_, i. 313; variable presence of barbs in grasses, i. 314; {454} colours of the seeds of maize, i. 321; unity of character in cabbages, i. 323; correlation of colour and odour, i. 325; effect of heat and moisture on the cabbage, i. 325; on the cultivated species of _Brassica_, i. 325; on the Rouncival and sugar peas, i. 327; variation in the numbers of peas in the same pod, i. 328; wild vines in Spain, i. 332; on raising peaches from seed, i. 339; supposed specific distinctness of peach and nectarine, i. 340; nectarine producing peaches, i. 341; on the flower of _Corydalis_, i. 344; origin and variations of the plum, i. 345; origin of the cherry, i. 347; reversion of single-leaved strawberries, i. 353; five-leaved variety of _Fragaria collina_, i. 353; supposed immutability of specific characters, i. 358-359; varieties of _Robinia_, i. 361; permanency of the simple-leaved ash, i. 362; non-inheritance of certain mutilations, ii. 23; wild turnips, carrots, and celery, ii. 33; pre-potency of a goat-like ram, ii. 66; benefit of change of soil to plants, ii. 146; fertility of peloric flowers of _Corydalis solida_, ii. 167; seeding of ordinarily seedless fruit, ii. 168; sexual sterility of plants propagated by buds, &c., ii. 169; increase of sugar in beet-root, ii. 201; effects of selection in enlarging particular parts of plants, ii. 217; growth of the cabbage in the tropics, ii. 277; rejection of bitter almonds by mice, ii. 232; influence of marshy pasture on the fleece of sheep, ii. 278; on the ears of ancient Egyptian pigs, ii. 301; primitive distinctness of species, ii. 415; solid hoofed swine, ii. 429. GOETHE, on compensation of growth, ii. 342. GOLDFISH, i. 296-297, ii. 236. GOMARA, on South American cats, i. 46. GONGORA, number of seeds in the, ii. 379. GOOSE, ancient domestication of, i. 287; sacred to Juno in Rome, _ibid._; inflexibility of organisation of, i. 288; skull perforated in tufted, i. 288; characters of breeds and sub-breeds of, i. 288-289; variety of, from Sebastopol, i. 289, ii. 392; feral in La Plata, i. 190; Egyptian, hybrid of, with penguin duck, ii. 68; spontaneous segregation of varieties of, ii. 104; fertility of, increased by domestication, ii. 112; decreased fertility of, in Bogota, ii. 161; sterility of, in the Philippine Islands, ii. 162; selection of, ii. 204; white, preference of the Romans for the liver of, ii. 209; persistency of character in, ii. 254; Egyptian, change in breeding season of, ii. 304. GOOSEBERRY, i. 354-356; bud-variation in the, i. 376; Whitesmith's, ii. 232. GÖPPERT, on monstrous poppies, ii. 166. GOSSE, P. H., feral dogs in Jamaica, i. 28; feral pigs of Jamaica, i. 77-78; feral rabbits of Jamaica, i. 112; on _Columba leucocephala_, i. 183; feral Guinea fowl in Jamaica, i. 190; reproduction of individual peculiarities by gemmation in a coral, i. 374; frequency of striped legs in mules, ii. 42. GOULD, Dr., on hereditary hæmorrhage, ii. 7. GOULD, John, origin of the turkey, i. 292. _Goura coronata_ and _Victoriæ_, hybrids of, i. 194, ii. 155. GOURDS, i. 357; crossing of varieties of, ii. 108; ancient Peruvian variety of, ii. 429. GOUT, inheritance of, ii. 7; period of appearance of, ii. 77. GRABA, on the pigeon of the Faroe islands, i. 183. GRAFTING, ii. 147; effects of, ii. 259, 278; upon the stock, i. 394-395; upon the variability of trees, ii. 259; changes analogous to bud-variation produced by, i. 387, 389. GRAFT-HYBRIDS, i. 390-391, 394-397, ii. 364-365. GRAPES, bud-variation in, i. 375; cross of white and purple, i. 393; green, liable to disease, ii. 336; effect of foreign pollen on, i. 400. GRASSES, seeds of, used as food by savages, i. 307-309. GRAY, Asa, superior wild varieties of fruit-trees, i. 310; cultivated native plants of North America, i. 312, 357; non-variation of weeds, i. 317; supposed spontaneous crossing of pumpkins, i. 399; pre-ordination of variation, ii. 432; progeny of husked form of maize, i. 320; wild intermediate forms of strawberries, i. 352. GRAY, G. R., on _Columba gymnocyclus_, i. 184. GRAY, J. E., on _Sus pliciceps_, i. 70; on a variety of the gold-fish, i. 297; hybrids of the ass and zebra, ii. 42-43; on the breeding of animals at Knowsley, ii. 149; on the breeding of birds in captivity, ii. 157. GREENE, J. Reay, on the development of the echinodermata, ii. 367. GREENHOW, Mr., on a Canadian web-footed dog, i. 39. GREENING, Mr., experiments on _Abraxas grossulariata_, ii. 280. GREGSON, Mr., experiments on _Abraxas grossulariata_, ii. 280. GREY, Sir George, preservation of seed-bearing plants by the Australian savages, i. 310; {455} detestation of incest by Australian savages, ii. 123. GREYHOUNDS, sculptured on Egyptian monuments, and in the Villa of Antoninus, i. 17; modern breed of, i. 41; crossed with the bulldog, by Lord Orford, ii. 95; co-ordination of structure of, due to selection, ii. 221-222; Italian, ii. 227. GREYNESS, inherited at corresponding periods of life, ii. 77. GRIEVE, Mr., on early-flowering dahlias, i. 370. GRIGOR, Mr., acclimatisation of the Scotch fir, ii. 310. GROOM-NAPIER, C. O., on the webbed feet of the otter-hound, i. 40. "GROSSES-GORGES" (pigeons), i. 137. GROUND-TUMBLER, Indian, i. 150. GROUSE, fertility of, in captivity, ii. 156. GRÖNLAND, hybrids of _Ægilops_ and wheat, ii. 110. _Grus montigresia_, _cinerea_, and _Antigone_, ii. 156. GUANACOS, selection of, ii. 207. GUANS, general fertility of, in captivity, ii. 156. GUELDER-ROSE, ii. 185. GUELDERLAND fowls, i. 230. GUIANA, selection of dogs by the Indians of, ii. 206. GUINEA FOWL, i. 294; feral in Ascension, and Jamaica, i. 190, ii. 33; indifference of to change of climate, ii. 161. GUINEA pig, ii. 24, 152. GÜLDENSTADT, on the jackal, i. 25. GULL, herring, breeding in confinement, ii. 157. GULLS, general sterility of, in captivity, ii. 157. _Gulo_, sterility of, in captivity, ii. 152. GÜNTHER, A., on tufted ducks and geese, i. 274; on the regeneration of lost parts in batrachia, ii. 15. GURNEY, Mr., owls breeding in captivity, ii. 154; appearance of "black-shouldered" among ordinary peacocks, i. 291.

HABIT, influence of, in acclimatisation, ii. 312-315. HABITS, inheritance of, ii. 395. HÄCKEL, on cells, ii. 370; on the double reproduction of medusæ, ii. 384; on inheritance, ii. 397. HACKLES, peculiarities of, in fowls, i. 254. HAIR, on the face, inheritance of, in man, ii. 4; peculiar lock of, inherited, ii. 5; growth of, under stimulation of skin, ii. 326; homologous variation of, ii. 325; development of, within the ears and in the brain, ii. 391. HAIR and teeth, correlation of, ii. 326-328. HAIRY family, corresponding period of inheritance in, ii. 77. HALF-CASTES, character of, ii. 46. HALF-LOP rabbits, figured and described, i. 107-108; skull of, i. 119. _Haliætus leucocephalus_, copulating in captivity, ii. 154. HALLAM, Col., on a two-legged race of pigs, ii. 4. HAMBURGH fowl, i. 227, 261; figured, i. 228. HAMILTON, wild cattle of, i. 84. HAMILTON, Dr., on the assumption of male plumage by the hen pheasant, ii. 51. HAMILTON, F. Buchanan, on the shaddock, i. 335; varieties of Indian cultivated plants, ii. 256. HANCOCK, Mr., sterility of tamed birds, ii. 155-157. HANDWRITING, inheritance of peculiarities in, ii. 6. HANMER, Sir J., on selection of flower seeds, ii. 204. HANSELL, Mr., inheritance of dark yolks in duck's eggs, i. 281. HARCOURT, E. V., on the Arab boar-hound, i. 17; aversion of the Arabs to dun-coloured horses, i. 55. HARDY, Mr., effect of excess of nourishment on plants, ii. 257. HARE, hybrids of, with rabbit, i. 105; sterility of the, in confinement, ii. 152; preference of, for particular plants, ii. 232. HARE-LIP, inheritance of, ii. 24. HARLAN, Dr., on hereditary diseases, ii. 7. HARMER, Mr., on the number of eggs in a codfish, ii. 379. HARVEY, Mr., monstrous red and white African bull, i. 91. HARVEY, Prof., singular form of _Begonia frigida_, i. 365-366; effects of cross-breeding on the female, i. 404; monstrous saxifrage, ii. 166. HASORA wheat, i. 313. HAUTBOIS strawberry, i. 353. HAWKER, Col., on call or decoy ducks, i. 281. HAWTHORN, varieties of, i. 360-364; pyramidal, i. 361; pendulous hybridised, ii. 18; changes of, by age, i. 364, 387; bud-variation in the, i. 377; flower buds of, attacked by bullfinches, ii. 232. HAYES, Dr., character of Esquimaux dogs, i. 21-22. HAYWOOD, W., on the feral rabbits of Porto Santo, i. 114. HAZEL, purple-leaved, i. 362, 395, ii. 330. HEAD of wild boar and Yorkshire pig, figured, i. 72. {456} HEAD and limbs, correlated variability of, ii. 323. HEADACHE, inheritance of, ii. 79. HEARTSEASE, i. 368-369; change produced in the, by transplantation, i. 386; reversion in, ii. 31, 47; effects of selection on, ii. 200; scorching of, ii. 229; effects of seasonal conditions on the, ii. 274; annual varieties of the, ii. 305. HEAT, effect of, upon the fleece of sheep, i. 98. HEBER, Bishop, on the breeding of the rhinoceros in captivity, ii. 150. HEBRIDES, cattle of the, i. 80; pigeons of the, i. 183. HEER, O., on the plants of the Swiss lake-dwellings, i. 309, ii. 215, 427; on the cereals, i. 317-319; on the peas, i. 326; on the vine growing in Italy in the bronze age, i. 332. _Helix lactea_, ii. 280. _Hemerocallis fulva_ and _flava_, interchanging by bud-variation, i. 386. HEMLOCK yields no conicine in Scotland, ii. 274. HEMP, differences of, in various parts of India, ii. 165; climatal difference in products of, ii. 274. HEMPSEED, effect of, upon the colour of birds, ii. 280. HERMAPHRODITE flowers, occurrence of, in Maize, i. 321. HEN, assumption of male characters by the, ii. 51, 54; development of spurs in the, ii. 318. "HENNIES," or hen-like male fowls, i. 252. HENRY, T. A., a variety of the ash produced by grafting, i. 394; crossing of species of _Rhododendron_ and _Arabis_, i. 400. HENSLOW, Prof., individual variation in wheat, i. 314; bud-variation in the Austrian bramble rose, i. 381; partial reproduction of the weeping ash by seed, ii. 19. HEPATICA, changed by transplantation, i. 386. HERBERT, Dr., variations of _Viola grandiflora_, i. 368; bud-variation in camellias, i. 377; seedlings from reverted _Cytisus Adami_, i. 388; crosses of Swedish and other turnips, ii. 93; on hollyhocks, ii. 107; breeding of hybrids, ii. 131; self-impotence in hybrid hippeastrums, ii. 138-139; hybrid _Gladiolus_, ii. 139; on _Zephyranthes candida_, ii. 164; fertility of the crocus, ii. 165; on contabescence, ii. 165; hybrid _Rhododendron_, ii. 265. HERCULANEUM, figure of a pig found in, i. 67. HERON, Sir R., appearance of "black-shouldered" among ordinary peacocks,