ii. 44;

origin of the domestic duck, i. 277; fertility of the hook-billed duck, _ibid._; occurrence of the plumage of the wild duck in domestic breeds, i. 280; voice of ducks, i. 281; occurrence of a short upper mandible in crosses of hook-billed and common ducks, i. 281; reversion in ducks produced by crossing, ii. 40; variation of the canary-bird, i. 295; fashion in the canary, ii. 240; hybrids of canary and finches, ii. 45. BRICKELL, on raising nectarines from seed, i. 340; on the horses of North Carolina, ii. 300. BRIDGES, Mr., on the dogs of Tierra del Fuego, i. 39; on the selection of dogs by the Fuegians, ii. 207. BRIDGMAN, W. K., reproduction of abnormal ferns, i. 383, ii. 379. BRIGGS, J. J., regeneration of portions of the fins of fishes, ii. 15. BROCA, P., on the intercrossing of dogs, i. 31-32; on hybrids of hare and rabbit, i. 105; on the rumpless fowl, i. 259; on the character of half-castes, ii. 47; degree of fertility of mongrels, ii. 100; sterility of descendants of wild animals bred in captivity, ii. 160. BROCCOLI, i. 323; rudimentary flowers in, ii. 316; tenderness of, ii. 310. BROMEHEAD, W., doubling of the Canterbury bell by selection, ii. 200. BROMFIELD, Dr., sterility of the ivy and _Acorus calamus_, ii. 170. _Bromus secalinus_, i. 314. BRONN, H. G., bud-variation in _Anthemis_, i. 379; effects of cross-breeding on the female, i. 404; on heredity in a one-horned cow, ii. 12, 13; propagation of a pendulous peach by seed, ii. 18; absorption of the minority in crossed races, ii. 88; on the crossing of horses, ii. 92; fertility of tame rabbits and sheep, ii. 112; changes of plumage in captivity, ii. 158; on the dahlia, ii. 261. BRONZE period, dog of, i. 18. BROWN, G., variations in the dentition of the horse, i. 50. BROWN-SÉQUARD, Dr., inheritance of artificially-produced epilepsy in the guinea-pig, ii. 24. _Brunswigia_, ii. 139. BRUSSELS Sprouts, i. 323, ii. 429. _Bubo maximus_, ii. 154. BUCKLAND, F., on oysters, ii. 280; number of eggs in a codfish, ii. 379. BUCKLE, Mr., doubts as to the importance of inheritance, ii. 3. BUCKLEY, Miss, carrier-pigeons roosting in trees, i. 181. BUCKMAN, Prof., cultivation of _Avena fatua_, i. 313; cultivation of the wild parsnip, i. 326, ii. 201, 277; reversion in the parsnip, ii. 31. BUCKWHEAT, injurious to white pigs, when in flower, ii. 337. BUD and seed, close analogy of, i. 411. BUD-REVERSION, ii. 37. BUDS, adventitious, ii. 384. BUD-VARIATION, i. 373-411, ii. 254, 287-288, 291; contrasted with seminal reproduction, i. 373; peculiar to plants, i. 374; in the peach, i. 340, 374; in plums, i. 375; in the cherry, _ibid._; in grapes, _ibid._; in the gooseberry, currant, pear, and apple, i. 376; in the banana, camellia, hawthorn, _Azalea indica_, and _Cistus tricuspis_, i. 377; in the hollyhock and pelargonium, i. 378; in _Geranium pratense_ and the chrysanthemum, i. 379; in roses, i. 367, 379-381; in sweet williams, carnations, pinks, stocks, and snapdragons, i. 381; in wall-flowers, cyclamen, _Oenothera biennis_, _Gladiolus colvillii_, fuchsias, and _Mirabilis jalapa_, i. 382; in foliage of various trees, i. 382-384; in cryptogamic plants, i. 383; by suckers in _Phlox_ and barberry, i. 384; by tubers in the potato, _ibid._; in the dahlia, i. 385; by bulbs in hyacinths, _Imatophyllum miniatum_, and tulips, i. 385; in _Tigridia conchiflora_, i. 386; {440} in _Hemerocallis_, _ibid._; doubtful cases, i. 386-387; in _Cytisus Adami_, i. 387-394; probable in _Æsculus rubicunda_, i. 392; summary of observations on, 406. BUFFON, on crossing the wolf and dog, i. 32; increase of fertility by domestication, ii. 111; improvement of plants by unconscious selection, ii. 216; theory of reproduction, ii. 375. _Bulimus_, ii. 53. BULL, apparent influence of, on offspring, ii. 68. BULLACE, i. 345. BULLDOG, recent modifications of, i. 42. BULLFINCH, breeding in captivity, ii. 154; attacking flower-buds, ii. 232. BULT, Mr., selection of pouter pigeons, ii. 197. "BÜNDTNERSCHWEIN," i. 67. BUNTING, reed, in captivity, ii. 158. BURDACH, crossing of domestic and wild animals, i. 66; aversion of the wild boar to barley, ii. 303. BURKE, Mr., inheritance in the horse, ii. 10. _Burlingtonia_, ii. 135. BURMAH, cats of, i. 47. BURMESE ponies, striped, i. 58, 59. BURNES, Sir A., on the Karakool sheep, i. 98, ii. 278; varieties of the vine in Cabool, i. 333; hawks, trained in Scinde, ii. 153; pomegranates producing seed, ii. 168. BURTON Constable, wild cattle at, i. 84. "BURZEL-TAUBEN," i. 150. BUSSORAH carrier, i. 141. _Buteo vulgaris_, copulation of, in captivity, ii. 154. BUTTERFLIES, polymorphic, ii. 399-400. BUZAREINGUES, Girou de, inheritance of tricks, ii. 6.

CABANIS, pears grafted on the quince, ii. 239. CABBAGE, i. 323-326; varieties of, i. 323; unity of character in flowers and seeds of, i. 323-324; cultivated by ancient Celts, i. 324; classification of varieties of, _ibid._; ready crossing of, _ibid._, ii. 90, 91, 98, 130; origin of, i. 325; increased fertility of, when cultivated, ii. 113; growth of, in tropical countries, ii. 277. CABOOL, vines of, i. 333. CABRAL, on early cultivation in Brazil, i. 311. CACTUS, growth of cochineal on, in India, ii. 275. CÆSAR, _Bos primigenius_ wild in Europe in the time of, i. 81; notice of fowls in Britain, i. 246; notice of the importation of horses by the Celts, ii. 203. CAFFRE fowls, i. 230. CAFFRES, different kinds of cattle possessed by the, i. 88. "CÁGIAS," a breed of sheep, i. 95. CALCEOLARIAS, i. 364; ii. 147; effects of seasonal conditions on, ii. 274; peloric flowers in, ii. 346. "CALONGOS," a Columbian breed of cattle, i. 88. CALVER, Mr., on a seedling peach producing both peaches and nectarines, i. 341. CALYX, segments of the, converted into carpels, ii. 392. CAMEL, its dislike to crossing water, i. 181. _Camellia_, bud-variations in, i. 377; recognition of varieties of, ii. 251; variety in, hardiness of, ii. 308. CAMERON, D., on the cultivation of Alpine plants, ii. 163. CAMERONN, Baron, value of English blood in race-horses, ii. 11. _Campanula medium_, ii. 200. CANARY-BIRD, i. 295; conditions of inheritance in, ii. 22; hybrids of, ii. 45; period of perfect plumage in, ii. 77; diminished fertility of, ii. 161; standard of perfection in, ii. 195; analogous variation in, ii. 349. CANCER, heredity of, ii. 7, 8, 79. CANINE teeth, development of the, in mares, ii. 318. _Canis alopex_, i. 29. _Canis antarcticus_, i. 20. _Canis argentatus_, ii. 151. _Canis aureus_, i. 29. _Canis cancrivorus_, domesticated and crossed in Guiana, i. 23. _Canis cinereo-variegatus_, i. 29. _Canis fulvus_, i. 29. _Canis Ingæ_, the naked Peruvian dog, i. 23. _Canis latrans_, resemblance of, to the Hare Indian dog, i. 22; one of the original stocks, i. 26. _Canis lupaster_, i. 25. _Canis lupus_, var. _occidentalis_, resemblance of, to North American dogs, i. 21; crossed with dogs, i. 22; one of the original stocks, i. 26. _Canis mesomelas_, i. 25, 29. _Canis primævus_, tamed by Mr. Hodgson, i. 26. _Canis sabbar_, i. 25. _Canis simensis_, possible original of greyhounds, i. 33. _Canis thaleb_, i. 29. _Canis variegatus_, i. 29. CANTERBURY Bell, doubled by selection, ii. 200. CAPE of Good Hope, different kinds of cattle at the, i. 88; {441} no useful plants derived from the, i. 310. CAPERCAILZIE, breeding in captivity, ii. 156. _Capra ægagrus_ and _C. Falconeri_, probable parents of domestic goat, i. 101. CAPSICUM, i. 371. CARDAN, on a variety of the walnut, i. 356; on grafted walnuts, ii. 259-260. CARDOON, ii. 34. _Carex rigida_, local sterility of the, ii. 170. CARLIER, early selection of sheep, ii. 204. CARLISLE, Sir A., inheritance of peculiarities, ii. 6, 8; of polydactylism, ii. 13. "CARME" pigeon, i. 156. CARNATION, bud-variation in, i. 381; variability of, i. 370; striped, produced by crossing red and white, i. 393; effect of conditions of life on the, ii. 273. CARNIVORA, general fertility of, in captivity, ii. 150. CAROLINE Archipelago, cats of, i. 47. CARP, ii. 236. CARPELS, variation of, in cultivated cucurbitaceæ, i. 359. CARPENTER, W. B., regeneration of bone, ii. 294; production of double monsters, ii. 340; number of eggs in an _Ascaris_, ii. 379. _Carpinus betulus_, i. 362. _Carpophaga littoralis_ and _luctuosa_, i. 182. CARRIER pigeon, i. 139-142; English, i. 139-141; figured, i. 140; skull figured, i. 163; history of the, i. 211; Persian, i. 141; Bussorah, _ibid._; Bagadotten, skull figured, i. 163; lower jaw figured, i. 165. CARRIÈRE, cultivation of the wild carrot, i. 326; intermediate form between the almond and the peach, i. 338; glands of peach-leaves, i. 343; bud-variation in the vine, i. 375; grafts of _Aria vestita_ upon thorns, i. 387; variability of hybrids of _Erythrina_, ii. 265. CARROT, wild, effects of cultivation on the, i. 326; reversion in the, ii. 31; run wild, ii. 33; increased fertility of cultivated, ii. 113; experiments on the, ii. 277; acclimatisation of the, in India, ii. 311. _Carthamus_, abortion of the pappus in, ii. 316. CARTIER, cultivation of native plants in Canada, i. 312. CARYOPHYLLACEÆ, frequency of contabescence in the, ii. 165. CASPARY, bud-variation in the moss-rose, i. 380; on the ovules and pollen of _Cytisus_, i. 388-389; crossing of _Cytisus purpureus_ and _C. laburnum_, i. 389; trifacial orange, i. 391; differently-coloured flowers in the wild _Viola lutea,_ i. 408; sterility of the horse-radish, ii. 170. CASTELNAU, on Brazilian cattle, i. 88. CASTRATION, assumption of female characters caused by, ii. 51-52. _Casuarius bennettii_, ii. 156. CAT, domestic, i. 43-48; early domestication and probable origin of the, i. 43-44; intercrossing of with wild species, i. 44-45; variations of, i. 45-48; feral, i. 47, ii. 33; anomalous, i. 48; polydactylism in, ii. 14; black, indications of stripes in young, ii. 55; tortoiseshell, ii. 73; effects of crossing in, ii. 86; fertility of, ii. 111; difficulty of selection in, ii. 234, 236; length of intestines in, ii. 302; white with blue eyes, deafness of, ii. 329; with tufted ears, ii. 350. CATARACT, hereditary, ii. 9, 79. CATERPILLARS, effect of changed food on, ii. 280. CATLIN, G., colour of feral horses in North America, i. 61. CATTLE, European, their probable origin from three original species, i. 79-82; humped, or Zebus, i. 79-80; intercrossing of, i. 83, 91-93; wild, of Chillingham, Hamilton, Chartley, Burton Constable, and Gisburne, i. 84, ii. 119; colour of feral, i. 84-85, ii. 102; British breeds of, i. 86-87; South African breeds of, i. 88; South American breeds of, i. 89, ii. 205; Niata, i. 89-91, ii. 205, 208, 332; effects of food and climate on, i. 91-92; effects of selection on, i. 92-93; Dutch-buttocked, ii. 8; hornless, production of horns in, ii. 29-30, 39; reversion in, when crossed, ii. 41; wildness of hybrid, ii. 45; short-horned, prepotency of, ii. 65; wild, influence of crossing and segregation on, ii. 86; crosses of, ii. 96, 104, 118; of Falkland islands, ii. 102; mutual fertility of all varieties of, ii. 110; effects of interbreeding on, ii. 117-119; effects of careful selection on, ii. 194, 199; naked, of Columbia, ii. 205; crossed with wild banteng in Java, ii. 206; with reversed hair in Banda Oriental, ii. 205; selection of trifling characters in, ii. 209; fashion in, ii. 210; similarity of best races of, ii. 241; unconscious selection in, ii. 214; effects of natural selection on anomalous breeds of, ii. 226-227; light-coloured, attacked by flies, ii. 229, 336; Jersey, rapid improvement of, ii. 234; effects of disuse of parts in, ii. 299; rudimentary horns in, ii. 315; supposed influence of humidity on the hair of, ii. 326; {442} white spots of, liable to disease, ii. 337; supposed analogous variation in, ii. 349; displacement of long-horned by short-horned, ii. 426. CAULIFLOWER, i. 323; free-seeding of, in India, ii. 310; rudimentary flowers in, ii. 316. CAVALIER pigeon, ii. 97. _Cavia aperea_, ii. 152. CAY (_Cebus azaræ_), sterility of, in confinement, ii. 153. _Cebus azaræ_, ii. 153. _Cecidomyia_, larval development of, ii. 283, 360, 367; and _Misocampus_, i. 5. CEDARS of Lebanon and Atlas, i. 364. CELERY, turnip-rooted, i. 336; run wild, ii. 33. CELL-THEORY, ii. 370. _Celosia cristata_, i. 365. CELSUS, on the selection of seed-corn, i. 318, ii. 203. CELTS, early cultivation of the cabbage by the, i. 324; selection of cattle and horses by the, ii. 202-203. _Cenchrus_, seeds of a, used as food, i. 309. _Centaurea cyanus_, bud-variation in, i. 379. CEPHALOPODA, spermatophores of, ii. 383. _Cerasus padus_, yellow-fruited, ii. 19. _Cercoleptes_, sterility of, in captivity, ii. 152. _Cercopithecus_, breeding of a species of, in captivity, ii. 153. CEREALS, i. 312-313; of the Neolithic period in Switzerland, i. 317; adaptation of, to soils, ii. 305. _Cereus_, ii. 38. _Cereus speciosissimus_ and _phyllanthus_, reversion in hybrids of, i. 392. _Cervus canadensis_, ii. 158. _Cervus dama_, ii. 120. CETACEA, correlation of dermal system and teeth in the, ii. 328. CEYLON, cats of, i. 46; pigeon-fancying in, i. 206. _Chamærops humilis_, crossed with date palm, i. 399. CHAMISSO, on seeding bread-fruit, ii. 168. CHANNEL islands, breeds of cattle in, i. 80. CHAPMAN, Professor, peach-trees producing nectarines, i. 341. CHAPUIS, F., sexual peculiarities in pigeons, i. 162, ii. 74; effect produced by first male upon the subsequent progeny of the female, i. 405; sterility of the union of some pigeons, ii. 162. CHARACTERS, fixity of, ii. 239; latent, ii. 51-56, 399-400; continued divergence of, ii. 241; antagonistic, ii. 401. CHARDIN, abundance of pigeons in Persia, i. 205. CHARLEMAGNE, orders as to the selection of stallions, ii. 203. CHARTLEY, wild cattle of, i. 84. CHATÉ, reversion of the upper seeds in the pods of stocks, ii. 347-348. CHATIN, on _Ranunculus ficaria_, ii. 170. CHAUNDY, Mr., crossed varieties of cabbage, ii. 130. CHEETAH, general sterility of, in captivity, ii. 151. _Cheiranthus cheiri_, i. 382. CHERRIES, i. 347-348; bud-variation in, i. 375; white Tartarian, ii. 230; variety of, with curled petals, ii. 232; period of vegetation of, changed by forcing, ii. 311. CHEVREUL, on crossing fruit-trees, ii. 129. CHICKENS, differences in characters of, i. 249-250; white, liable to gapes, ii. 228, 336. CHIGOE, ii. 275. CHILE, sheep of, i. 95. CHILLINGHAM cattle, identical with _Bos primigenius_, i. 81; characters of, i. 83-84. CHILOE, half-castes of, ii. 46. CHINA, cats of, with drooping ears, i. 47; horses of, i. 53; striped ponies of, i. 59; asses of, i. 62; notice of rabbits in, by Confucius, i. 103; breeds of pigeons reared in, i. 206; breeds of fowls of, in fifteenth century, i. 232, 247; goose of, i. 237. CHINCHILLA, fertility of, in captivity, ii. 152. CHINESE, selection practised by the, ii. 204-205; preference of the, for hornless rams, ii. 209; recognition of the value of native breeds by the, ii. 313. CHINESE, or Himalayan rabbit, i. 108. "CHIVOS," a breed of cattle in Paraguay, i. 89. CHOUX-RAVES, i. 323. CHRIST, H., on the plants of the Swiss Lake-dwellings, i. 309, 318; intermediate forms between _Pinus sylvestris_ and _montana_, i. 363. CHRYSANTHEMUM, i. 379. _Chrysotis festiva_, ii. 280. CINERARIA, effects of selection on the, ii. 200. CIRCASSIA, horses of, ii. 102. CIRCUMCISION, ii. 23. CIRRIPEDES, metagenesis in, ii. 366. _Cistus_, intercrossing and hybrids of, i. 336, 389, ii. 140. _Cistus tricuspis_, bud-variation in, i. 377. CITRONS, i. 334-335. "_Citrus aurantium fructu variabili_," i. 336. _Citrus decumana_, i. 335. _Citrus lemonum_, i. 336. {443} _Citrus medica_, i. 335-336. CLEFT palate, inheritance of, ii. 24. CLEMENTE, on wild vines in Spain, i. 332. CLERMONT-TONNERRE, on the St. Valery apple, i. 401. CLAPHAM, A., bud-variation in the hawthorn, i. 377. "CLAQUANT," i. 138. "CLAQUERS" (pigeons), i. 156. CLARK, G., on the wild dogs of Juan de Nova, i. 27; on striped Burmese and Javanese ponies, i. 59; breeds of goats imported into the Mauritius, i. 101; variations in the mammæ of goats, i. 102; bilobed scrotum of Muscat goat, _ibid._ CLARK, H. J., on fission and gemmation, ii. 359. CLARKE, R. T., intercrossing of strawberries, i. 352. CLARKE, T., hybridisation of stocks, i. 399, ii. 93. CLARKSON, Mr., prize-cultivation of the gooseberry, i. 355. CLASSIFICATION, explained by the theory of natural selection, i. 11. CLIMATE, effect of, upon breeds of dogs, i. 37; on horses, i. 52, 53; on cattle, i. 91, 92; on the fleece of sheep, i. 98, 99; on seeds of wheat, i. 316; on cultivated cabbages, i. 325; adaptation of maize to, i. 322. CLIMATE and pasture, adaptation of breeds of sheep to, i. 96-97. CLIMATE and soil, effects of, upon strawberries, i. 353. CLINE, Mr., on the skull in horned and hornless rams, ii. 333. CLOS, on sterility in _Ranunculus ficaria_, ii. 170. CLOTZSCH, hybrids of various trees, ii. 130. CLOVER, pelorism in, ii. 340. COATE, Mr., on interbreeding pigs, ii. 122. COCCUS of apple trees, ii. 231. COCHIN fowls, i. 227, 250, 252, 260-261; occipital foramen of, figured, i. 261; section of skull of, figured, i. 263; cervical vertebra of, figured, i. 267. COCHINEAL, persistence of, ii. 236; preference of, for a particular cactus, ii. 275. _Cochlearia armoracia_, ii. 170. COCK, game, natural selection in, ii. 225; spur of, grafted on the comb, ii. 296; spur of, inserted into the eye of an ox, ii. 369; effect of castration upon the, ii. 51-52. COCK'S-COMB, varieties of the, i. 365. COCOONS, of silkworms, variations in, i. 302-303. CODFISH, bulldog, i. 89; number of eggs in the, ii. 379. _Coelogenys paca_, ii. 152. COLIN, prepotency of the ass over the horse, ii. 67-68; on cross-breeding, ii. 97; on change of diet, ii. 304. COLLINSON, Peter, peach-tree producing a nectarine, i. 340. COLORATION, in pigeons, an evidence of unity of descent, i. 195-197. COLOUR, correlation of, in dogs, i. 28-29; persistence of, in horses, i. 50; inheritance and diversity of, in horses, i. 55; variations of, in the ass, i. 62-63; of wild or feral cattle, i. 85; transmission of, in rabbits, i. 107; peculiarities of, in Himalayan rabbits, i. 111; influence of, ii. 227-230; correlation of, in head and limbs, ii. 324; correlated with constitutional peculiarities, ii. 335-338. COLOUR and odour, correlation of, ii. 325. COLOUR-BLINDNESS, hereditary, ii. 9; more common in men than in women, ii. 72-73; associated with inability to distinguish musical sounds, ii. 328. COLOURS, sometimes not blended by crossing, ii. 92. _Columba affinis_, Blyth, a variety of _C. livia_, i. 183. _Columba amaliæ_, Brehm, a variety of _C. livia_, i. 183. _Columba guinea_, i. 182. _Columba gymnocyclus_, Gray, a form of _C. livia_, i. 184. _Columba gymnophthalmos_, hybrids of, with _C. oenas_, i. 193; with _C. maculosa_, i. 194. _Columba intermedia_, Strickland, a variety of _C. livia_, i. 184. _Columba leucocephala_, ii. 155. _Columba leuconota_, i. 182, 195. _Columba littoralis_, i. 182. _Columba livia_, ii. 29, 40; the parent of domestic breeds of pigeons, i. 183; measurements of, i. 134; figured, i. 135; skull figured, i. 163; lower jaw figured, i. 164, 168; scapula figured, i. 167. _Columba luctuosa_, i. 182. _Columba migratoria_ and _leucocephala_, diminished fertility of, in captivity, ii. 155. _Columba oenas_, i. 183; crossed with common pigeon and _C. gymnophthalmos_, i. 193. _Columba palumbus_, i. 193, ii. 350. _Columba rupestris_, i. 182, 184, 195. _Columba Schimperi_, i. 184. _Columba torquatrix_, ii. 350. _Columba turricola_, i. 184. COLUMBIA, cattle of, i. 88. COLUMBINE, double, i. 365, ii. 330. {444} COLUMBUS, on West Indian dogs, i. 23. COLUMELLA, on Italian shepherd's dogs, i. 23; on domestic fowls, i. 231, 247, ii. 202, 429; on the keeping of ducks, i. 277; on the selection of seed-corn, i. 318; on the benefits of change of soil to plants, ii. 146; on the value of native breeds, ii. 313. COLZA, i. 325. COMB, in fowls, variations of, i. 253-254; sometimes rudimentary, ii. 315. COMPENSATION, law of, i. 274. COMPENSATION of growth, ii. 342-344. COMPLEXION, connexion of, with constitution, ii. 335. COMPOSITÆ, double flowers of, i. 365, ii. 167, 316. CONCEPTION, earlier in Alderney and Zetland cows than in other breeds, i. 87. CONDITIONS of life, changed, effect of, ii. 418-419; on horses, i. 52; upon variation in pigeons, i. 212-213; upon wheat, i. 315-316; upon trees, i. 361; in producing bud-variation, i. 408; advantages of, ii. 145-148, 176-177; sterility caused by, ii. 148-165; conducive to variability, ii. 255-261, 394; accumulative action of, ii. 261-263; direct action of, ii. 271-292. CONDOR, breeding in captivity, ii. 154. CONFINEMENT, effect of, upon the cock, ii. 52. CONFUCIUS, on the breeding of rabbits in China, i. 103. CONOLLY, Mr., on Angora goats, ii. 326. CONSTITUTIONAL differences in sheep, i. 96-97; in varieties of apples, i. 349-350; in pelargoniums, i. 364; in dahlias, i. 370. CONSTITUTIONAL peculiarities in strawberries, i. 353; in roses, i. 367. CONSUMPTION, hereditary, ii. 8; period of appearance of, ii. 77; correlated with complexion, ii. 335. CONTABESCENCE, ii. 165-166. _Convolvulus batatas_, ii. 169, 309. _Convolvulus tricolor_, bud-variation in, i. 408. COOPER, Mr., improvement of vegetables by selection, ii. 204. COOPER, White, hereditary peculiarities of vision, ii. 9; association of affections of the eyes with those of other systems, ii. 328. CORALS, bud-variation in, i. 374; non-diffusion of cell-gemmules in, ii. 379. CORBIÉ. _See_ Boitard. CORNEA, opacity of, inherited, ii. 9. _Cornus mascula_, yellow-fruited, ii. 19. CORRELATION, ii. 319; of neighbouring parts, ii. 320; of change in the whole body and in some of its parts, ii. 321; of homologous parts, ii. 322-331; inexplicable, ii. 331-333; commingling of, with the effects of other agencies, ii. 333-335. CORRELATION of skull and limbs in swine, i. 73; of tusks and bristles in swine, i. 76; of multiplicity of horns and coarseness of wool in sheep, i. 95; of beak and feet in pigeons, i. 172-173; between nestling down and colour of plumage in pigeons, i. 194; of changes in silkworms, i. 304; in plants, ii. 219; in maize, i. 323; in pigeons, i. 167-171, 218; in fowls, i. 274-275. CORRESPONDING periods, inheritance at, ii. 75-80. CORRIENTES, dwarf cattle of, i. 89. CORRINGHAM, Mr., influence of selection on pigs, ii. 198. CORSICA, ponies of, i. 52. "CORTBECK" (pigeon) of Aldrovandi, i. 209. _Corvus corone_ and _C. cornix_, hybrids of, ii. 94. _Corydalis_, flower of, ii. 304. _Corydalis cava_, ii. 132-133. _Corydalis solida_, sterile when peloric, ii. 167. _Corydalis tuberosa_, peloric by reversion, ii. 58-59. _Corylus avellana_, i. 357. COSTA, A., on shells transferred from England to the Mediterranean, ii. 280. "COUVE TRONCHUDA," i. 323. COW, inheritance of loss of one horn in the, ii. 12, 23; amount of milk furnished by the, ii. 300; development of six mammæ in, ii. 317. COWSLIP, ii. 21, 182. CRACIDÆ, sterility of the, in captivity, ii. 156. CRANES, fertility of, in captivity, ii. 156. _Cratægus oxyacantha_, i. 363, ii. 18, 232, 258, 377. _Cratægus monogyna_, i. 364. _Cratægus sibirica_, i. 364. CRAWFURD, J., Malasian cats, i. 47; horses of the Malay Archipelago, i. 49; horses of Japan, i. 53; occurrence of stripes in young wild pigs of Malacca, i. 76; on a Burmese hairy family with deficient teeth, ii. 77, 327; Japanese origin of the bantam, i. 230; game fowls of the Philippine islands, i. 232; hybrids of _Gallus varius_ and domestic fowl, i. 234; domestication of _Gallus bankiva_, i. 236; feral fowls in the Pellew islands, i. 238; history of the fowl, i. 246; history of the domestic duck, i. 277; domestication of the goose, i. 287; cultivated plants of New Zealand, i. 312; {445} breeding of tame elephants in Ava, ii. 150; sterility of _Goura coronata_ in confinement, ii. 155; geese of the Philippine islands, ii. 162. CREEPERS, a breed of fowls, i. 230. CRESTED fowl, i. 227; figured, i. 229. "CRÈVE-COEUR," a French sub-breed of fowls, i. 229. CRISP, Dr., on the brains of the hare and rabbit, i. 126. CROCKER, C. W., singular form of _Begonia frigida_, i. 365-366, ii. 166; sterility in _Ranunculus ficaria_, ii. 170. CROCUS, ii. 165. CROSS-BREEDING, permanent effect of, on the female, i. 404. CROSSING, ii. 85-144, 173-192; a cause of uniformity, ii. 85-90, 173; occurs in all organised beings, ii. 90-92; some characters not blended by, ii. 92-95, 173; modifications and new races produced by, ii. 95-99; causes which check, ii. 100-109; domestication and cultivation favourable to, ii. 109-113, 189; beneficial effects of, ii. 114-131, 174-176; necessary in some plants, ii. 131-140, 175-176, 423; summary of subject of, ii. 140-144; of dogs with wolves in North America, i. 21-22; with _Canis cancrivorus_ in Guiana, i. 23; of dog with wolf, described by Pliny and others, i. 24; characters furnished by, brought out by reversion in the progeny, ii. 34-36; a direct cause of reversion, ii. 39-47, 48; a cause of variability, ii. 264-267. CRUSTACEA, macrourous, differences in the development of the, ii. 368. CRUSTACEAN with an antenna-like development of the eye-peduncle, ii. 391. CRYPTOGAMIC plants, bud-variation in, i. 383. CUBA, wild dogs of, i. 27. "CUCKOO," sub-breeds of fowls, i. 244. CUCUMBER, variation in number of carpels of, i. 359; supposed crossing of varieties of the, i. 400. _Cucumis momordica_, i. 360. _Cucumis sativa_, i. 359. _Cucurbita_, dwarf, correlation of leaves in, ii. 330. _Cucurbita maxima_, i. 357, 359. _Cucurbita moschata_, i. 357, 359. _Cucurbita pepo_, i. 357, ii. 108; varieties of, i. 358; relation in size and number of fruit of, ii. 343. CUCURBITACEÆ, i. 357-360; supposed crossing of, i. 399; Naudin's observations on hybrids of, ii. 172; acclimatisation of, ii. 313. "CULBUTANTS" (pigeons), i. 150. CULTIVATION of plants, origin of, among savages, i. 309-310; fertility increased by, ii. 111-113. CUNIER, on hereditary night-blindness, ii. 9. CURRANTS, of Tierra del Fuego, i. 309; bud-variation in, i. 376. CURTIS, Mr., bud-variation in the rose, i. 381. CUVIER, on the gestation of the wolf, i. 29; the odour of the jackal, an obstacle to domestication, i. 30; differences of the skull in dogs, i. 34; external characters of dogs, i. 35; elongation of the intestines in domestic pigs, i. 73, ii. 303; fertility of the hook-billed duck, i. 277; number of digits, ii. 13; hybrid of ass and zebra, ii. 42; breeding of animals in the Jardin des Plantes, ii. 149; sterility of predaceous birds in captivity, ii. 154; facility of hybridisation in confinement, ii. 160. CYANOSIS, affection of fingers in, ii. 332. CYCLAMEN, bud-variation in, i. 382. _Cynara cardunculus_, ii. 34. _Cynips fecundatrix_, ii. 283. _Cynocephalus hamadryas_, ii. 153. _Cyprinus auratus_, i. 296-297. _Cyrtanthus_, ii. 139. _Cyrtopodium_, ii. 134. _Cytisus Adami_, ii. 364; its bud-variation, i. 387-389, 406, ii. 37; seedlings from, i. 388; different views of its origin, i. 389-390; experiments in crossing _C. purpureus_ and _laburnum_ to produce, i. 389; its production by M. Adam, i. 390; discussion of origin of, i. 396. _Cytisus alpino-laburnum_, ovules and pollen of, i. 389; origin of, i. 390. _Cytisus alpinus_, i. 388. _Cytisus laburnum_, i. 387, 389, 390, 396. _Cytisus purpureo-elongatus_, ovules and pollen of, i. 389; production of, i. 390. _Cytisus purpureus_, i. 387, 388, 389, 390, 396.

DAHLBOM, effects of food on hymenoptera, ii. 281. DAHLIA, i. 369-370, ii. 147; bud-variation by tubers in the, i. 385; improvement of, by selection, ii. 216; steps in cultivation of, ii. 261; effect of conditions of life on, ii. 273; correlation of form and colour in, ii. 331. DAISY, hen and chicken, i. 365; Swan River, ii. 261. DALBRET, varieties of wheat, i. 314. DALIBERT, changes in the odours of plants, ii. 274. DALLY, Dr., on consanguineous marriages, ii. 122. DALTONISM, hereditary, ii. 9. DAMARAS, cattle of, i. 88, ii. 207-208. {446} DAMSON, i. 347. DANDOLO, Count, on silkworms, i. 301. DANIELL, fertility of English dogs in Sierra Leone, ii. 161. DANISH Middens, remains of dogs in, i. 18. DAPPLING in horses, asses, and hybrids, i. 55. DARESTE. C., on the skull of the Polish fowl, i. 262; on the production of monstrous chickens, ii. 289; co-existence of anomalies, ii. 331; production of double monsters, ii. 340. DARVILL, Mr., heredity of good qualities in horses, ii. 11. DARWIN, C., on _Lepus magellanicus_, i. 112; on the wild potato, i. 330; dimorphism in the polyanthus and primrose, ii. 21. DARWIN, Dr., improvement of vegetables by selection, ii. 204. DARWIN, Sir F., wildness of crossed pigs, ii. 45. D'ASSO, monogynous condition of the hawthorn in Spain, i. 364. _Dasyprocta aguti_, ii. 152. Date-palm, varieties of the, ii. 256; effect of pollen of, upon the fruit of _Chamærops_, i. 299. _Datura_, ii. 38; variability in, ii. 266. _Datura lævis_ and _stramonium_, reversion in hybrids of, i. 392. _Datura stramonium_, ii. 67. DAUBENTON, variations in the number of mammæ in dogs, i. 35; proportions of intestines in wild and domestic cats, i. 48, ii. 302. DAUDIN, on white rabbits, ii. 230. DAVY, Dr., on sheep in the West Indies, i. 98. DAWKINS and Sandford, early domestication of _Bos longifrons_ in Britain, i. 81. DEAF-MUTES, non-heredity of, ii. 22. DEAFNESS, inheritance of, ii. 78. DEBY, wild hybrids of common and musk ducks, ii. 46. DE CANDOLLE, Alph., number and origin of cultivated plants, i. 306-307, 371; regions which have furnished no useful plants, i. 310; wild wheat, i. 312-313; wild rye and oats, i. 313; antiquity of varieties of wheat, i. 316; apparent inefficacy of selection in wheat, i. 318; origin and cultivation of maize, i. 320, ii. 307; colours of seeds of maize, i. 321; varieties and origin of the cabbage, i. 324-325; origin of the garden-pea, i. 326; on the vine, i. 332, ii. 308; cultivated species of the orange group, i. 335; probable Chinese origin of the peach, i. 337; on the peach and nectarine, i. 340, 342; varieties of the peach, i. 342; origin of the apricot, i. 344; origin and varieties of the plum, i. 345; origin of the cherry, i. 347; varieties of the gooseberry, i. 354; selection practised with forest-trees, i. 361; wild fastigate oak, i. 361; dark-leaved varieties of trees, i. 362; conversion of stamens into pistils in the poppy, i. 365; variegated foliage, i. 366; heredity of white hyacinths, i. 371, ii. 20; changes in oaks dependent on age, i. 387; inheritance of anomalous characters, ii. 19; variation of plants in their native countries, ii. 256; deciduous bushes becoming evergreen in hot climates, ii. 305; antiquity of races of plants, ii. 429. DE CANDOLLE, P., non-variability of monotypic genera, ii. 266; relative development of root and seed in _Raphanus sativus_, ii. 343. DECAISNE, on the cultivation of the wild carrot, i. 326; varieties of the pear, i. 350; inter-crossing of strawberries, i. 351; fruit of the apple, i. 401; sterility of _Lysimachia nummularia_, ii. 170; tender variety of the peach, ii. 308. DEER, assumption of horns by female, ii. 51; imperfect development of horns in a, on a voyage, ii. 158. DEER, fallow, ii. 103. DEERHOUND. Scotch, difference in size of the sexes of, ii. 73; deterioration of, ii. 121. DEGENERATION of high-bred races, under neglect, ii. 239. DE JONGHE, J., on strawberries, i. 352, ii. 243; soft-barked pears, ii. 231; on accumulative variation, ii. 262; resistance of blossoms to frost, ii. 306. DELAMER, E. S., on rabbits, i. 107, 112. _Delphinium ajacis_, ii. 21. _Delphinium consolida_, ii. 20-21. _Dendrocygna viduata_, i. 182, ii. 157. DENTITION, variations of, in the horse, i. 50. DEODAR, i. 364. DESMAREST, distribution of white on dogs, i. 29; cat from the Cape of Good Hope, i. 47; cats of Madagascar, i. 47; occurrence of striped young in Turkish pigs, i. 76; French breeds of cattle, i. 80; horns of goats, i. 102; on hornless goats, ii. 315. DESOR, E., on the Anglo-Saxon race in America, ii. 276. DESPORTES, number of varieties of roses, i. 367. DEVAY, Dr., singular case of albinism, ii. 17; on the marriage of cousins, ii. 122; on the effects of close interbreeding, ii. 143, 263. DEVELOPMENT and metamorphosis, ii. 388-389. DEVELOPMENT, arrests of, ii. 315-318. DEVELOPMENT, embryonic, ii. 366-368. {447} D'HERVEY-Saint-Denys, L., on the ya-mi, or imperial rice of the Chinese, ii. 205. DHOLE, fertility of the, in captivity, ii. 151. DIABETES, occurrence of, in three brothers, ii. 17. _Dianthus_, contabescent plants of, ii. 165-166; hybrid varieties of, ii. 267. _Dianthus armeria_ and _deltoides_, hybrids of, ii. 98. _Dianthus barbatus_, i. 381. _Dianthus caryophyllus_, i. 381. _Dianthus japonicus_, contabescence of female organs in, ii. 166. DICHOGAMOUS plants, ii. 90. DICKSON, Mr., on "running" in carnations, i. 381; on the colours of tulips, i. 386. _Dicotyles torquatus_ and _labiatus_, ii. 150. DIEFFENBACH, dog of New Zealand, i. 26; feral cats in New Zealand, i. 47; polydactylism in Polynesia, ii. 14. _Dielytra_, ii. 59. DIET, change of, ii. 303-304. _Digitalis_, properties of, affected by culture, ii. 274; poison of, ii. 380. DIGITS, supernumerary, ii. 57; analogy of, with embryonic conditions, ii. 16; fusion of, ii. 341. DIMORPHIC plants, ii. 166; conditions of reproduction in, ii. 181-184. DIMORPHISM, reciprocal, ii. 90. DINGO, i. 25; variation of, in colour, i. 28; half-bred, attempting to burrow, i. 28; attraction of foxes by a female, i. 31; variations of, in confinement, ii. 263. DIOECIOUSNESS of strawberries, i. 353. DISEASES, inheritance of, ii. 7-8; family uniformity of, ii. 57; inherited at corresponding periods of life, ii. 77-80; peculiar to localities and climates, ii. 276; obscure correlations in, ii. 331-332; affecting certain parts of the body, ii. 380; occurring in alternate generations, ii. 401. DISTEMPER, fatal to white terriers, ii. 227. DISUSE and use of parts, effects of, ii. 295-303, 352-353, 418-419; in the skeleton of rabbits, i. 124-128; in pigeons, i. 171-177; in fowls, i. 270-274; in ducks, i. 284-286; in the silk-moth, i. 300-304. DIVERGENCE, influence of, in producing breeds of pigeons, i. 220. DIXON, E. S., on the musk duck, i. 182; on feral ducks, i. 190; on feral pigeons in Norfolk Island, i. 190; crossing of pigeons, i. 192; origin of domestic fowls, i. 230; crossing of _Gallus Sonneratii_ and common fowl, i. 234; occurrence of white in the young chicks of black fowls, i. 244; Paduan fowl of Aldrovandi, i. 247; peculiarities of the eggs of fowls, i. 248; chickens, i. 249-250; late development of the tail in Cochin cocks, i. 250; comb of lark-crested fowls, i. 256; development of webs in Polish fowls, i. 259; on the voice of fowls, i. 259; origin of the duck, i. 277; ducks kept by the Romans, i. 278; domestication of the goose, i. 287; gander frequently white, i. 288; breeds of turkeys, i. 293; incubatory instinct of mongrels of non-sitting races of fowls, ii. 44; aversion of the dove-cot pigeon to pair with fancy birds, ii. 103; fertility of the goose, ii. 112; general sterility of the guans in captivity, ii. 156; fertility of geese in captivity, ii. 157; white peafowl, ii. 332. DOBELL, H., inheritance of anomalies of the extremities, ii. 14; non-reversion to a malformation, ii. 36. DOBRIZHOFFER, abhorrence of incest by the Abipones, ii. 123. DOGS, origin of, i. 15; ancient breeds of, i. 17, ii. 429; of neolithic, bronze and iron periods in Europe, i. 18-19, ii. 427; resemblance of to various species of canidæ, i. 21; of North America compared with wolves, i. 21-22; of the West Indies, South America, and Mexico, i. 23, 31; of Guiana, i. 23; naked dogs of Paraguay and Peru, _ibid._ and 31; dumb, on Juan Fernandez, i. 27; of Juan de Nova, i. 27; of La Plata, i. 27; of Cuba, i. 27; of St. Domingo, i. 28; correlation of colour in, i. 28-29; gestation of, i. 29-30; hairless Turkish, i. 30, ii. 227; inter-crossing of different breeds of, i. 31; characters of different breeds of, discussed, i. 34-37; degeneration of European, in warm climates, i. 36, 38; ii. 278, 305; liability to certain diseases in different breeds of, i. 36 and _note_; causes of differences of breeds discussed, i. 37-43; catching fish and crabs in New Guinea and Tierra del Fuego, i. 39; webbing of the feet in, i. 39; influence of selection in producing different breeds of, i. 39, 43; retention of original habits by, i. 182; inheritance of polydactylism in, ii. 14; feral, ii. 33; reversion in fourth generation of, ii. 34; of the Pacific Islands, ii. 87, 220, 303; mongrel, ii. 92-93; comparative facility of crossing different breeds of, ii. 102; fertility of, ii. 111, 151; inter-breeding of, ii. 120-121; selection of, among the Greeks, ii. 202, 209; among savages, ii. 206-207; unconscious selection of, ii. 211-212; valued by the Fuegians, ii. 215; climatal changes in hair of, ii. 278; production of drooping ears in, ii. 301; {448} rejection of bones of game by, ii. 303; inheritance of rudiments of limbs in, ii. 315; development of fifth toe in, ii. 317; hairless, deficiency of teeth in, ii. 326; short-faced, teeth of, ii. 345; probable analogous variation in, ii. 349; extinction of breeds of, ii. 425. DOMBRAIN, H. H., on the auricula, ii. 346-347. DOMESTICATION, essential points in, ii. 405-406; favourable to crossing, ii. 109-110; fertility increased by, ii. 111-113, 174. DOMESTICATED animals, origin of, ii. 160-161; occasional sterility of, under changed conditions, ii. 161-162. DONDERS, Dr., hereditary hypermetropia, ii. 8. DORKING fowl, i. 227, 261; furcula of, figured, i. 268. DORMOUSE, ii. 152. DOUBLE FLOWERS, ii. 167-168, 171-172; produced by selection, ii. 200. DOUBLEDAY, H., cultivation of the filbert pine strawberry, i. 354. DOUGLAS, J., crossing of white and black game-fowls, ii. 92. DOWNING, Mr., wild varieties of the hickory, i. 310; peaches and nectarines from seed, i. 339-340; origin of the Boston nectarine, i. 340; American varieties of the peach, i. 343; North American apricot, i. 344; varieties of the plum, i. 346; origin and varieties of the cherry, i. 347-348; "twin cluster pippins," i. 349; varieties of the apple, i. 350; on strawberries, i. 351, 353; fruit of the wild gooseberry, i. 355; effects of grafting upon the seed, ii. 26; diseases of plum and peach trees, ii. 227-228; injury done to stone fruit in America by the "weevil," ii. 231; grafts of the plum and peach, ii. 259; wild varieties of pears, ii. 260; varieties of fruit-trees suitable to different climates, ii. 306. _Draba sylvestris_, ii. 163. DRAGON, pigeon, i. 139, 141. "DRAIJER" (pigeon), i. 156. DRINKING, effects of, in different climates, ii. 289. DROMEDARY, selection of, ii. 205-206. DRUCE, Mr., inter-breeding of pigs, ii. 121. DU CHAILLU, fruit-trees in West Africa, i. 309. DUCHESNE on _Fragaria vesca_, i. 351, 352, 353. DUFOUR, Léon, on _Cecidomyia_ and _Misocampus_, i. 5. DUCK, musk, retention of perching habit by the, i. 182; feral hybrid of, i. 190. DUCK, penguin, hybrid of, with Egyptian goose, ii. 68. DUCK, wild, difficulty of rearing, ii. 233; effects of domestication on, ii. 278. DUCKS, breeds of, i. 276-277; origin of, i. 277; history of, _ibid._; wild, easily tamed, i. 278-279; fertility of breeds of, when crossed, i. 279; with the plumage of _Anas boschas_, i. 280; Malayan penguin, identical in plumage with English, i. 280; characters of the breeds of, i. 281-284; eggs of, i. 281; effects of use and disuse in, i. 284-286, ii. 298; feral, in Norfolk, i. 190; Aylesbury, inheritance of early hatching by, ii. 25; reversion in, produced by crossing, ii. 40; wildness of half-bred wild, ii. 45; hybrids of, with the musk duck, ii. 45-46; assumption of male plumage by, ii. 51; crossing of Labrador and penguin, ii. 97; increased fertility of, by domestication, ii. 112; general fertility of, in confinement, ii. 157; increase of size of, by care in breeding, ii. 199; change produced by domestication in, ii. 262. DUMÉRIL, Aug., breeding of _Siredon_ in the branchiferous stage, ii. 384. DUN-coloured horses, origin of, i. 59. DUREAU de la Malle, feral pigs in Louisiana, ii. 33; feral fowls in Africa, _ibid._; bud-variation in the pear, i. 376; production of mules among the Romans, ii. 110. _Dusicyon sylvestris_, i. 23. DUTCH rabbit, i. 107. DUTCH roller pigeon, i. 151. DUTROCHET, pelorism in the laburnum, ii. 346. DUVAL, growth of pears in woods in France, ii. 260. DUVAL-Jouve, on _Leersia oryzoides_, ii. 91. DUVERNOY, self-impotence in _Lilium candidum_, ii. 137. DZIERZON, variability in the characters and habits of bees, i. 298.

EARLE, Dr., on colour-blindness, ii. 72, 328. EARS, of fancy rabbits, i. 106; deficiency of, in breeds of rabbits, i. 108; rudimentary, in Chinese sheep, ii. 315; drooping, ii. 301; fusion of, ii. 341. EATON, J. M., on fancy pigeons, i. 148, 153; variability of characters in breeds of pigeons, i. 161; reversion of crossed pigeons to coloration of _Columba livia_, i. 198; on pigeon-fancying, i. 206, 215-216; on tumbler-pigeons, i. 209, ii. 242; carrier-pigeon, i. 211; effects of interbreeding on pigeons, ii. 126; properties of pigeons, ii. 197-198; death of short-faced tumblers in the egg, ii. 226; {449} Archangel pigeon, ii. 240. ECHINODERMATA, metagenesis in, ii. 367. _Ectopistes_, specific difference in number of tail-feathers in, i. 159. _Ectopistes migratorius_, sterile hybrids of, with _Turtur vulgaris_, i. 193. EDENTATA, correlation of dermal system and teeth in the, ii. 328. EDGEWORTH, Mr., use of grass-seeds as food in the Punjab, i. 309. EDMONSTON, Dr., on the stomach in _Larus argentatus_ and the raven, ii. 302. EDWARDS and COLIN, on English wheat in France, ii. 307. EDWARDS, W. F., absorption of the minority in crossed races, ii. 87. EDWARDS, W. W., occurrence of stripes in a nearly thoroughbred horse, i. 57; in foals of racehorses, i. 59. EGGS, of fowls, characters of, i. 248; variations of, in ducks, i. 281; of the silkmoth, i. 301. EGYPT, ancient dogs of, i. 17-18; ancient domestication of the pigeon in, i. 204; absence of the fowl in ancient, i. 246. EGYPTIAN goose, hybrids of, with penguin duck, i. 282. EHRENBERG, Prof., multiple origin of the dog, i. 16; dogs of Lower Egypt, i. 25; mummies of _Felis maniculata_, i. 43. ELEMENT, male, compared to a premature larva, ii. 384. ELEMENTS of the body, functional independence of the, ii. 368-371. ELEPHANT, its sterility in captivity, ii. 150. ELK, Irish, correlations in the, ii. 333-334. ELLIOT, Sir Walter, on striped horses, i. 58; Indian domestic and wild swine, i. 66; pigeons from Cairo and Constantinople, i. 132; fantail pigeons, i. 146; Lotan tumbler pigeons, i. 150; a pigeon uttering the sound _Yahu_, i. 155; _Gallus bankiva_ in Pegu, i. 236. ELLIS, Mr., varieties of cultivated plants in Tahiti, ii. 256. ELM, nearly evergreen Cornish variety of the, i. 363, ii. 310; foliage-varieties of the, i. 362. ELM, weeping, i. 361; not reproduced by seed, ii. 19. _Emberiza passerina_, ii. 158. EMBRYOS, similarity of, i. 12; fusion of, ii. 339. ENGEL, on _Laurus sassafras_, ii. 274. ENGLAND, domestication of _Bos longifrons_ in, i. 81; selection of horses in, in mediæval times, ii. 203; laws against the early slaughter of rams in, ii. 203. EPHEMERIDÆ, development of the, ii. 366. _Epidendrum cinnabarinum_ and _E. zebra_, ii. 134. EPILEPSY, hereditary, ii. 8, 78. ERDT, disease of the white parts of cattle, ii. 337. ERICACEÆ, frequency of contabescence in the, ii. 165. ERICHTHONIUS, an improver of horses by selection, ii. 202. ERMAN, on the fat-tailed Kirghisian sheep, i. 98, ii. 280; on the dogs of the Ostyaks, ii. 206. _Erodium_, ii. 59. _Erythrina Crista-galli_ and _E. herbacea_, hybrids of, ii. 265. ESQUILANT, Mr., on the naked young of dun-coloured pigeons, i. 170. ESQUIMAUX dogs, their resemblance to wolves, i. 21; selection of, ii. 206. EUDES-DESLONGCHAMPS, on appendages under the jaw of pigs, i. 75-76. _Euonymus Japonicus_, i. 383. EUROPEAN cultivated plants, still wild in Europe, i. 307. EVANS, Mr., on the Lotan tumbler pigeon, i. 150. EVELYN, pansies grown in his garden, i. 368. EVEREST, R., on the Newfoundland dog in India, i. 36, ii. 305; degeneration of setters in India, i. 38; Indian wild boars, i. 66. EWES, hornless, ii. 350. EXTINCTION of domestic races, i. 221. EYES, hereditary peculiarities of the, ii. 8-10; loss of, causing microphthalmia in children, ii. 24; modification of the structure of, by natural selection, ii. 222-223; fusion of, ii. 341. EYEBROWS, hereditary elongation of hairs in, ii. 8. EYELIDS, inherited peculiarities of the, ii. 8. EYTON, Mr., on gestation in the dog, i. 30; variability in number of vertebræ in the pig, i. 74; individual sterility, ii. 162.

_Faba vulgaris_, i. 330. FABRE, observations on _Ægilops triticoides,_ i. 313. _Fagus sylvatica_, ii. 19. FAIRWEATHER, Mr., production of double flowers from old seed, ii. 167. _Falco albidus_, resumption of young plumage by, in captivity, ii. 158. _Falco ossifragus_, ii. 230. _Falco subbuteo_, copulating in captivity, ii. 154. _Falco tinnunculus_, breeding in captivity, ii. 154. {450} FALCONER, Dr., sterility of English bulldogs in India, i, 38; resemblance between _Sivatherium_ and Niata cattle, i. 89; selection of the silkworm in India, i. 301; fastigate apple-trees in Calcutta, i. 361; reproduction of a supernumerary thumb after amputation, ii. 14; fertility of the dhole in captivity, ii. 151; fertility of English dogs in India, ii. 161; sterility of the tiger in captivity, ii. 151; turkeys at Delhi, ii. 161; on Indian cultivated plants, ii. 165; Thibet mastiff and goat, ii. 278. FALCONS, sterility of, in captivity, ii. 153. FALKLAND Islands, horses of the, i. 52-53, 61; feral pigs of the, i. 77; feral cattle of the, i. 82, 86; feral rabbits of the, i. 112. FALLOW deer, ii. 103, 120. FANTAIL pigeons, i. 146-148, ii. 227; figured, i. 147; furcula of, figured, i. 167; history of, i. 208; absence of oil-gland in, ii. 344. FAROE Islands, pigeons of the, i. 183. FASHION, influence of, in breeding, ii. 240. FASTIGATE trees, ii. 277, 348. FAUNAS, geographical differences, of, i. 10. "FAVOURITE" bull, ii. 65, 118. FEATHERS, homologous variation in, ii. 325. FEET, of pigeons, individual differences of, i. 160; correlations of external characters in, i. 170-171. FEET and beak, correlation of, in pigeons, i. 171-174. FELIDÆ, fertility of, in captivity, ii. 150. _Felis bubastes_, i. 43. _Felis caffra_, i. 44. _Felis caligulata_, i. 43. _Felis chaus_, i. 43-44. _Felis jubata_, ii. 151. _Felis lybica_, i. 44. _Felis maniculata_, i. 43. _Felis manul_, i. 45. _Felis ornata_, i. 45. _Felis sylvestris_, i. 44. _Felis torquata_, i. 45. FEMALE, affected by male element, ii. 365, 387-388. FEMALE flowers, in male panicle of maize, i. 321. FENNEL, Italian variety of, i. 326. FERAL cats, i. 47; cattle, i. 86; rabbits, i. 111-115; Guinea fowl, i. 294; animals and plants, reversion in, ii. 32-34, 47. FERGUSON, Mr., supposed plurality of origin of domestic fowls, i. 231; chickens of black game-fowls, i. 244; relative size of eggs of fowls, i. 248; yolk of eggs of game-fowls, i. 249; early pugnacity of game-cocks, i. 250; voice of the Malay fowl, i. 259; effects of interbreeding on fowls, ii. 124; selection in Cochin China fowls, ii. 196; on fashion in poultry, ii. 240. FERNANDEZ, on Mexican dogs, i. 23. FERNS, reproduction of abnormal forms of, by spores, i. 383; non-diffusion of cell-gemmules in, ii. 379. FERRETS, ii. 111, 151, 206. FERTILISATION, artificial, of the St. Valery apple, i. 350. FERTILITY, various degrees of, in sheep, i. 97; unlimited mutual, of breeds of pigeons, i. 192-194; comparative of mongrels and hybrids, ii. 100-101, 178-180; influence of nourishment on, ii. 111; diminished by close interbreeding, ii. 118, 175; reduced, of Chillingham wild cattle, ii. 119; of domesticated varieties when crossed, ii. 189. _Festuca_, species of, propagated by bulblets, ii. 170. FILBERTS, spared by tomtits, ii. 231. FILIPPI, on the breeding of branchiferous tritons, ii. 384. FINCHES, general sterility of, in captivity, ii. 154. FINNIKIN (pigeon), i. 156. FINNOCHIO, i. 326. FIR, Scotch, acclimatisation of, ii. 310. FISH, Mr., advantage of change of soil to plants, ii. 147. FISHES, regeneration of portions of fins of, ii. 15; variability of, when kept in tanks, ii. 259; marine, living in fresh water, ii. 304; double monsters of, ii. 340. FISSION and gemmation, ii. 358. FITCH, Mr., persistency of a variety of the pea, i. 329. FITTEST, survival of the, i. 6. FITZINGER, origin of sheep, i. 94; African maned sheep, i. 96. FIXEDNESS of character, conditions of, discussed, ii. 62-64. FLAX, found in the Swiss lake-dwellings, i. 317; climatal difference in products of, ii. 274. FLEECE, fineness of, in Austrian merinos, ii. 197. FLEISCHMANN, on German sheep crossed with merinos, ii. 88-89. "FLORENTINER-TAUBE," i. 142-143. FLOUNDER, ii. 53. FLOURENS, crossing of wolf and dog, i. 32; prepotency of the jackal over the dog, ii. 67; hybrids of the horse and ass, ii. 68; breeding of monkeys in Europe, ii. 153. {451} FLOWER-GARDEN, earliest known, in Europe, ii. 217. FLOWERS, capricious transmission of colour-varieties in, ii. 20-21; tendency to uniformity in striped, ii. 70; scorching of, dependent on colour, ii. 229; change in, caused by conditions of life, ii. 273; rudimentary, ii. 316; relative position of, to the axis, ii. 345. FOETATION, abdominal, ii. 294. FOLEY, Mr., wild varieties of pears, ii. 260. FOLIAGE, inherited peculiarities of, i. 362; variegation, of, i. 366; bud-variation in, i. 382-384. FOOD, influence of, on the pig, i. 72; on cattle, i. 91; excess of, a cause of variability, ii. 257. FORBES, D., on Chilian sheep, i. 95; on the horses of Spain, Chili, and the Pampas, i. 52. _Formica rufa_, ii. 251. FORTUNE, R., sterility of the sweet potato in China, ii. 169; development of axillary bulbs in the yam, _ibid._ FOWL, common, breeds of, i. 225-230; supposed plurality of origin, i. 230; early history of, i. 231-233; causes of production of breeds of, i. 233; origin of from _Gallus bankiva_, i. 236-239, 245; feral, notices of, i. 237-238; reversion and analogous variation in, i. 239-246, ii. 35, 38, 39, 40, 349, 350; "cuckoo" sub-breeds of, i. 244; history of, i. 246-247; structural characters of, i. 247-250; sexual peculiarities of, i. 251-257, ii. 74; external differences of, i. 257-260; differences of breeds of, from _G. bankiva_, i. 260; osteological characters of, i. 260-270; effects of disuse of parts in, i. 270-274, ii. 298; feral, i. 190, ii. 33; polydactylism in, ii. 14; fertility of, increased by domestication, ii. 112, 167; sterility of, under certain conditions, ii. 162; influence of selection on, ii. 196, 198, 209, 210; evils of close interbreeding of, ii. 124-125; crossing of, ii. 95, 96, 97; prepotency of transmission in, ii. 67; rudimentary organs in, ii. 315; crossing of non-sitting varieties of, ii. 43-44; homology of wing and leg feathers in, ii. 323; hybrids of, with pheasants and _Gallus Sonneratii_, ii. 45; black-skinned, ii. 209-210; black, preyed upon by the osprey in Iceland, ii. 230; five-toed, mentioned by Columella, ii. 429; rumpless, tailed chickens produced by, ii. 31; Dorking, crosses of, ii. 93; form of comb and colour of plumage in, ii. 238; game, crossing of white and black, ii. 92; five-spurred, ii. 391; Spanish, liable to suffer from frost, ii. 306; Polish, peculiarities of skull of, ii. 332-333. FOX, sterility of, in captivity, ii. 151. FOX, S. Bevan, races of bees, i. 298. FOX, W. Darwin, gestation of the dog, i. 30; "Negro" cat, i. 46; reversion of sheep in colour, ii. 30; period of gestation in the pig, i. 74; young of the Himalayan rabbit, i. 109; crossing of wild and domestic turkeys, i. 292; reversion in crossed musk ducks, ii. 40; spontaneous segregation of varieties of geese, ii. 104; effects of close interbreeding upon bloodhounds, ii. 121; deafness of white cats with blue eyes, ii. 329. FOXHOUNDS, i. 40, ii. 120. _Fragaria chiloensis_, i. 351. _Fragaria collina_, i. 351. _Fragaria dioica_ of Duchesne, i. 353. _Fragaria elatior_, i. 351. _Fragaria grandiflora_, i. 351. _Fragaria vesca_, i. 351. _Fragaria virginiana_, i. 351. _Fraxinus excelsior_, i. 360, 362, ii. 19. _Fraxinus lentiscifolia_, ii. 19. FRIESLAND cattle, probably descended from _Bos primigenius_, i. 81. FRILLBACK (pigeon), i. 155; Indian, i. 153. _Fringilla ciris_, ii. 154. _Fringilla spinus_, ii. 154. FRIZZLED fowls, i. 230; horses, i. 54. FROG, polydactylism in the, ii. 14. FRUIT, seedless, ii. 168. FRUIT-TREES, varieties of, occurring wild, i. 310. FRY, Mr., on fertile hybrid cats, i. 44; on feral fowls in Ascension, i. 238. FUCHSIAS, origin of, i. 364; bud-variation in, i. 382. _Fuchsia coccinea_ and _fulgens_, twin seed produced by crossing, i. 391. FUEGIANS, their superstition about killing young water-fowl, i. 310; selection of dogs by the, ii. 207; their comparative estimation of dogs and old women, ii. 215; their power of distant vision, ii. 223. FUNGI, parasitic, ii. 284-285. FURCULA, characters and variations of the, in pigeons, i. 167; alteration of, by disuse, in pigeons, i. 175; characters of, in fowls, i. 268. FUSION of homologous parts, ii. 393.

GAIT, inheritance of peculiarities of, ii. 6. GALAPAGOS Archipelago, its peculiar fauna and flora, i. 9. _Galeobdolon luteum_, pelorism in, ii. 59, 345. {452} GALLS, ii. 282-284. GALL-GNATS, ii. 283. GALL-LIKE excrescences not inherited, ii. 23. GALLINACEOUS birds, restricted range of large, i. 237; general fertility of in captivity, ii. 155. _Gallinula chloropus_, ii. 156. _Gallinula nesiotis_, i. 287. GALTON, Mr., fondness of savages for taming animals, i. 20, ii. 160; cattle of Benguela, i. 88; on hereditary talent, ii. 7. GALLESIO, species of oranges, i. 334, 335, 336; hybridisation of oranges, i. 336; persistency of races in the peach, i. 339; supposed specific distinctions of peach and nectarine, i. 340; Bizzaria orange, i. 391; crossing of red and white carnations, i. 393; crossing of the orange and lemon, i. 399, ii. 365; effect of foreign pollen on maize, i. 400; spontaneous crossing of oranges, ii. 91; monstrosities a cause of sterility in plants, ii. 166; seeding of ordinarily seedless fruits, ii. 168; sterility of the sugar cane, ii. 169; tendency of male flowers to become double, ii. 171; effects of selection in enlarging fruit, &c., ii. 217; variation of the orange tree in North Italy, ii. 256; naturalisation of the orange in Italy, ii. 309. _Gallus æneus_, a hybrid of _G. varius_ and the domestic fowl, i. 235. _Gallus bankiva_, probable original of domestic fowls, i. 233, 236-239, 245; game-fowl, nearest to, i. 226; crossed with _G. Sonneratii_, i. 234; its character and habits, i. 235-236, ii. 109; differences of various breeds of fowls from, i. 260; occipital foramen of, figured, i. 261; skull of, figured, i. 262; cervical vertebra of, figured, i. 267; furcula of, figured, i. 268; reversion to, in crossed fowls, ii. 39-40; hybrid of, with _G. varius_, i. 235, ii. 40; number of eggs of, ii. 112. _Gallus ferrugineus_, i. 226. _Gallus furcatus_, i. 234. _Gallus giganteus_, i. 235. _Gallus Sonneratii_, characters and habits of, i. 233; hybrids of, i. 234, ii. 45. _Gallus Stanleyi_, hybrids of, i. 234. _Gallus Temminckii_, probably a hybrid, i. 235. _Gallus varius_, character and habits of, i. 234; hybrids and probable hybrids of, i. 234-235. GAMBIER, Lord, his early cultivation of the pansy, i. 368. GAME-FOWL, i. 226, 250, 251, 252. GAPES, ii. 228. GARCILAZO de la Vega, annual hunts of the Peruvian Incas, ii. 207. GARNETT, Mr., migratory propensities of hybrid ducks, ii. 45. GARROD, Dr., on hereditary gout, ii. 7. GASPARINI, a genus of pumpkins, founded on stigmatic characters, i. 359. GAUDICHAUD, bud-variation in the pear, i. 376; apple tree with two kinds of fruit on branch, i. 392. GAUDRY, anomalous structure in the feet of horses, i. 50. GAY, on _Fragaria grandiflora_, i. 351; on _Viola lutea_ and _tricolor_, i. 368; on the nectary of _Viola grandiflora_, i. 369. GAYAL, domestication of the, i. 82. GAYOT, _see_ Moll. GÄRTNER, on the sterility of hybrids, i. 192, ii. 101; acquired sterility of varieties of plants when crossed, i. 358; sterility in transplanted plants, and in the lilac in Germany, ii. 164; mutual sterility of blue and red flowers of the pimpernel, ii. 190; supposed rules of transmission in crossing plants, ii. 68; on crossing plants, ii. 98, 127, 130, 131; on repeated crossing, ii. 267; absorption of one species by another, when crossed, ii. 88; crossing of varieties of the pea, i. 397; crossing maize, ii. 105; crossing of species of _Verbascum_, ii. 93, 105; reversion in hybrids, ii. 36, 49, 50; of _Cereus_, i. 392; of _Tropæolum majus_ and _minus_, i. 392; variability of hybrids, ii. 265; variable hybrids from one variable parent, ii. 270; graft hybrid produced by inosculation in the vine, i. 395; effect produced by grafts on the stock, i. 394, ii. 278; tendency of hybrid plants to produce double flowers, ii. 171; production of perfect fruit by sterile hybrids, ii. 172; sexual elective affinity, ii. 180; self-impotence in _Lobelia_, _Verbascum_, _Lilium_, and _Passiflora_,