Chapter 54

[14] Quoted by Sageret, ‘Pom. Phys.,’ 1830, p. 43. This statement, however, is not believed by Decaisne.

[15] ‘The Fruits of America,’ 1845, p. 5.

[16] M. Cardan, in ‘Comptes Rendus,’ Dec. 1848, quoted in ‘Gardener’s Chronicle,’ 1849, p. 101.

[17] M. Alexis Jordan mentions four excellent pears found in woods in France, and alludes to others (‘Mém. Acad. de Lyon,’ tom. ii. 1852, p. 159). Poiteau’s remark is quoted in ‘Gardener’s Mag.,’ vol. iv., 1828, p. 385. _See_ ‘Gardener’s Chronicle,’ 1862, p. 335, for another case of a new variety of the pear found in a hedge in France. Also for another case, _see_ Loudon’s ‘Encyclop. of Gardening,’ p. 901. Mr. Rivers has given me similar information.

[18] Duval, ‘Hist. du Poirier,’ 1849, p. 2.

[19] I infer that this is the fact from Van Mons’ statement (‘Arbres Fruitiers,’ 1835, tom. i. p. 446) that he finds in the woods seedlings resembling all the chief cultivated races of both the pear and apple. Van Mons, however, looked at these wild varieties as aboriginal species.

[20] Downing, ‘Fruit-trees of North America,’ p. 422; Foley, in ‘Transact. Hort. Soc.,’ vol. vi. p. 412.

[21] ‘Gardener’s Chronicle,’ 1847, p. 244.

[22] ‘Gardener’s Chronicle,’ 1841, p. 383; 1850, p. 700; 1854, p. 650.

[23] ‘Die Getreidearten,’ 1843, s. 66, 116, 117.

[24] Sabine, in ‘Hort. Transact.,’ vol. iii. p. 225; Bronn, ‘Geschichte der Natur,’ b. ii. s. 119.

[25] ‘Journal of Horticulture,’ 1861, p. 112; on Zinnia, ‘Gardener’s Chronicle,’ 1860, p. 852.

[26] ‘The Chrysanthemum, its History, etc.,’ 1865, p. 3.

[27] ‘Gardener’s Chronicle,’ 1855, p. 54; ‘Journal of Horticulture,’ May 9, 1865, p. 363.

[28] Quoted by Verlot, ‘Des Variétés,’ etc., 1865, p. 28.

[29] ‘Examination of the Characteristics of Genera and Species,’ Charleston, 1855, p. 14.

[30] Mr. Hewitt, ‘Journal of Hort.,’ 1863, p. 39.

[31] Devay, ‘Mariages Consanguins,’ pp. 97, 125. In conversation I have found two or three naturalists of the same opinion.

[32] Müller has conclusively argued against this belief, ‘Elements of Phys.,’ Eng. translat., vol. ii. 1842, p. 1405.

[33] ‘Act. Acad. St. Petersburg,’ 1780, part ii. p. 84, etc.

[34] ‘Bastarderzeugung,’ s. 249, 255, 295.

[35] ‘Nova Acta, St. Petersburg,’ 1794, p. 378; 1795, pp. 307, 313, 316; 1787, p. 407.

[36] ‘De la Fécondation,’ 1862, p. 311.

[37] ‘Amaryllidaceæ,’ 1837, p. 362.

[38] Abstracted in ‘Gardener’s Chronicle,’ 1860, p. 1081.

[39] This was the opinion of the elder De Candolle, as quoted in ‘Dic. Class. d’Hist. Nat.,’ tom. viii. p. 405. Puvis, in his work, ‘De la Dégénération,’ 1837, p. 37, has discussed this same point.

[40] ‘Comptes Rendus,’ Novembre 21, 1864, p. 838.

[41] ‘Nova Acta, St. Petersburg,’ 1794, p. 391.

[42] ‘Bastarderzeugung,’ s. 507, 516, 572.

[43] ‘Die Bastardbefruchtung,’ etc., 1865, s. 24.

[44] ‘Bastarderzeugung,’ s. 452, 507.

[45] ‘Die Bastardbefruchtung,’ s. 56.

[46] ‘Bastarderzeugung,’ s. 423.

[47] ‘Dritte Fortsetzung,’ etc., 1766, s. 85.

[48] ‘Die Bastardbefruchtung,’ etc., 1865, s. 92: _see also_ the Rev. M. J. Berkeley on the same subject, in ‘Journal of Royal Hort. Soc.,’ 1866, p. 80.

[49] Dr. P. Lucas has given a history of opinion on this subject: ‘Héréd. Nat.,’ 1847, tom. i. p. 175.

[50] ‘Hist. des Anomalies,’ tom. iii. p. 499.

[51] Ibid., tom. iii. pp. 392, 502. The several memoirs by M. Dareste hereafter referred to are of special value on this whole subject.

[52] _See_ his interesting work, ‘Métamorphoses de l’Homme,’ etc., 1862, p. 129.

[53] ‘Dritte Fortsetzung,’ etc., s. 123; ‘Bastarderzeugung’ s. 249.