CHAPTER XII.

WÄLSCH-TIROL.

VAL SUGANA--GIUDICARIA--FOLKLORE.

Val Sugana--Baselga--The Madonna di Pinè; legend of the Madonna di Caravaggio--Pergine; miners; the Canoppa--The Schloss--Marriage customs of the valley--Lake Caldonazzo--St. Hermes at Calzeranica--Bosentino--Nossa signora del Feles--The sleeper of Valle del Orco--Caldonazzo--Lafraun; legend of the disunited brothers--Borgo, the Italian Meran--Franciscan convent; Castel Telvana; dangers of a carneval procession; Count Welsburg's vow--Gallant border defences--Stalactite caves of Costalta--Sette Comuni--Castelalto--Strigno--Castelrotto--Cima d'Asta--Quarazza garnet quarry--Ivano--Grigno; Legend of St. Udalric--Castel Tesino--Canal San Bovo to Primiero--Tale of Virginia Loss; humble heroism--Le Tezze; modern heroes 382

Judicarien; its divisions--Castel Madruzz; Cardinal Karl Madruzz; his dispensation; its conditions--Abraham's Garden--Sta. Massenza; Bishop's Summer Palace--Loreto-kapelle--The Rendenathal; St. Vigilius; his zeal; early admission to the episcopate; missionary labours; builds churches; overthrows idols; his stoning; his burial; the rock cloven for his body to pass; the Acqua della Vela; the bread of Mortaso--S. Zulian; his legend; his penitence--Caresolo; its frescoes; another memorial of Charles Quint; his estimation of Jews--New churches--Legends of Condino and Campiglio--Riva on the Garda-see; its churches; its olive branches--The Altissimo di Nago; view from S. Giacomo; optical illusion--Brentonico--The Ponte delle Streghe--Mori; tobacco cultivation 400

Character of Wälsch-Tirol folklore--Orco-Sagen; his transformations in many lands; transliterations of his name in Tirol--The Salvan and Gannes; perhaps Etruscan genii--Salvanel; Bedelmon; Salvadegh--The Beatrik, identified with Dietrich von Bern--The Angane--What came of marrying an Angana--The focarelli of Lunigiana--The Filò--Froberte--Donna Berta dal nas longh--The discriminating Salvan--The Angana's ring; tales of the Three Wishes and the Faithful Beasts; legend of the Drei Feyen of Thal Vent--Legend of St. Kümmerniss; her effigy in Cadore; the prevailing minstrel--Turlulù--Remnants of Etruscan language--'Storielle da rider'--The bear-hunters--The horrible snail--How to make a church tower grow--Social customs perhaps derived from Etruscan; similar to those of Lombardy and Lunigians--All Souls' Day; feast of Sta. Lucia; Christmas; St. Anthony's Day; Carneval; Giovedi de' Gnocchi; St. Urban--Popular sayings about thunder, crickets, brambles, cockchafers, swallows, scorpions--Astronomical riddles 408

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

Kufstein Frontispiece.

MAPS.

The Valleys of Tirol to face p. 12 Unterinnthal and Neighbourhood of Innsbruck 53 Wälsch-Tirol 341

THE VALLEYS OF TIROL THEIR TRADITIONS AND CUSTOMS.