CHAPTER XV

THE SETTLEMENT

An irresponsible administration--An insolent reply--Tibetan haggling--Release of the Lachung men--Social relations with the Tibetans--A guarded ultimatum--A diplomatic triumph--The signing of the treaty--Colonel Younghusband's speech--The terms--Political prisoners liberated--Deposition of the Dalai Lama--The Tashe Lama--Prospect of an Anglophile Pope--The practical results of the expedition--Russia discredited--Why a Resident should be left at Lhasa--China hesitates to sign the Treaty--The 'vicious circle' again--Her acquiescence not of vital importance--The attitude of Tibet to Great Britain--Fear and respect the only guarantee of future good conduct 286-304

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

A COLD DAY IN TIBET _frontispiece_

HEADQUARTERS OF THE MISSION AT LHASA _to face p._ 6

CHORTEN " 12

PANORAMA OF A CONVENT " 12

TUNA VILLAGE " 20

CHINESE GENERAL MA " 30

ON THE ROAD TO GAUTSA " 30

ROCK SCULPTURES 41

PRAYING-FLAGS AND MANI WALL _to face p._ 54

OFFICERS' TENTS, MOUNTED INFANTRY CAMP, LINGMATHANG " 54

SUBADAR SANGAT SINGH, 1ST MOUNTED INFANTRY " 60

WOUNDED KYANG " 70

GOA, OR TIBETAN GAZELLE " 70

THE TANG LA " 76

PHARI JONG " 76

MOUNTED INFANTRY PONIES, TUNA CAMP " 94

YAK IN EKKA " 94

THE DEPON'S LAST CONFERENCE WITH COLONEL YOUNGHUSBAND _to face p._ 102

TIBETANS RETREATING FROM SANGARS " 106

TURNING TIBETANS OUT OF THE SANGARS ON THE HILLSIDE " 106

DIAGRAMMATIC VIEW OF HOT SPRINGS ACTION " 110

THE TIBETAN DEAD " 118

FIELD-HOSPITAL DOOLIE WITH TIBETAN BEARERS " 118

TIBETAN SOLDIERS " 124

WOUNDED TIBETAN " 130

WOUNDED TIBETAN IN BRITISH HOSPITAL " 130

PIONEERS DESTROYING KANGMA WALL " 142

GYANTSE JONG " 154

GOLDEN-ROOFED TEMPLE, GYANTSE " 182

BUDDHAS IN PALKHOR CHOIDE " 182

TSACHEN MONASTERY " 198

GROUP OF SHAPÉS PARLEYING " 198

SKETCH OF THE KARO LA 213

KHAM PRISONERS _to face p._ 214

GURKHAS CLIMBING AT THE KARO LA " 214

PEHTÉ JONG " 222

GUBCHI JONG " 230

OLD CHAIN-BRIDGE AT CHAKSAM " 236

CROSSING THE TSANGPO " 236

THE POTALA " 244

ENTRY INTO LHASA " 250

CORNER OF COURTYARD OF ASTROLOGER'S TEMPLE, NECHANG _to face p._ 250

THE POTALA, WEST FRONT " 260

MOUNTED INFANTRY GUARD AT THE POTALA " 260

METAL BOWLS OUTSIDE THE JOKHANG " 268

STREET SCENE IN LHASA " 268

THE TSARUNG SHAPÉ " 274

MONGOLIANS IN LHASA " 274

THE TA LAMA " 286

SOLDIER OF THE AMBAN'S ESCORT " 286

COLONEL YOUNGHUSBAND AND THE AMBAN AT THE RACES " 290

THE TSARUNG SHAPÉ AND THE SECHUNG SHAPÉ LEAVING LHALU HOUSE AFTER THE DURBAR _to face p._ 294

TIBETAN DRAMA PLAYED IN THE COURTYARD OF LHALU HOUSE " 298

THE UNVEILING OF LHASA