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INDEX
Agnooski and Winisk rivers, description of country between, 55
Agricultural country, rich, north of lake Winnipeg, 44-45
Agricultural Experiments, early, and their success, 30
Agricultural land, good, around head of lake Winnipeg, 58
Agricultural possibilities of the country south of Reed and Wuskwatim lakes, 53 of the country from Prince Albert to Fort Pitt, 97-98 at Ile à la Crosse, 98 at Lac la Ronge, 100-102 around Deer lake, 106 at Methye lake, 108-109 in Green lake district, 112-113 at Chipewyan, 133 at Baptiste lake, 135 at Calling river, 136 at McMurray, 136 at Chipewyan, 137 around Cowpar lake, 137-138 in country west of Methye and Buffalo lakes and south of Clearwater river, 137-138 around Heart lake, 138 around Winefred lake, 138 in Peace river country, 144 at Fort Vermilion, 147-148 at Red River fort, 148 at Fort St. John, 150 at Dunvegan, 150-154 at Grand Prairie, 155-156 at Fort Vermilion, 157, 163-164 around Edmonton, 166-167 of Mackenzie river region, 208, 219
Alluvium on banks of Great Slave lake, 283
Alsop, Enoch, testimony of, 33
Anderson river, basin of, 277 fairly well wooded, 277
Animals, fur-bearing, in Keewatin area, 88 about Winisk and Attawapiskat rivers, 91 in the area south of Cross lake, 92 at Churchill, 93 of Clearwater country, 127 in the far northwest, 127-128 in the country between Churchill river and lake Athabaska, 128-129
Arable Land of Mackenzie river region, 208
Arctic grayling in Peace region, 296
Armstrong, Mr. John, report of, on the preliminary survey of 1908 and 1909 for the proposed railway to Hudson Bay, 60 on the preliminary surveys for the Hudson Bay railway, 87
Artillery lake, 309
Aspen:—(‘Trembling-leaved Poplar’), 65
Asphalt on Great Slave lake, 283
Athabaska lake, 116 timber on the shores of, 123 minerals near lake, 124 evidence of Archbishop Clut before the Senate Committee of 1888 as to minerals in country northwest of, 125-126
Athabaska river and tributaries, 131-132 basin, Sir John Franklin’s report of the agricultural possibilities of, 133 valley, climate conditions in various parts of, 141-142 water power on, 177 iron found on, 181 general description, 245 summers very hot on, 245 timber, 261 water power along river, 262 country has fine balsam poplar, 268 petroleum, 282 moose, 290 woodland caribou, 291 fish, 299
Attawapiskat river, 66-67
Attawapiskat and Winisk rivers, basins of the, 70-71
Attawapiskat and Winisk rivers, fish of, 91
Aylmer lake, 311
Back, Captain, explorations of, 13, 14 impression of the view from the heights above the Clearwater at Methye portage, 118 report on timber of Reindeer lake, 267
Back’s grayling in the tributaries of Peace river in Rocky mountains, 204
“Balsam Fir” also called “Single Spruce” and “Silver Pine”, 65
Baptiste lake, agricultural possibilities of, 135
Barley and oats grown at Chipewyan settlement on Buffalo river, 108
Barren Lands, the, area comprised in, 29 topography, soil, climate, flora, 303 tree growth and timber resources, 317
Battle river, gold found in the bars above the mouth of, 180
Bears, white, in the northern part of Hudson bay and black in southern part, 89
Bear and Moose along Lockhart river, 291
Bear river, birch on, 277 gypsum, 282
Bear lake settlement, 171
Beaver plentiful along Clearwater valley, 130
Beech, Mr. William, description of, of the country around Hudson bay and at Churchill, 63 of the timber resources of Hudson bay region, 79-80 of the water power available in Hudson bay region, 80 of fish and animals at Churchill, 93-94
Bell, Doctor Robert, F.G.S., F.R.S.C., exploratory trips of, 17, 18 report of his exploratory trip from lake Winnipeg to Hudson bay in 1878, 37, 38 testimony before the Senate Committee of 1887, 38 report of his explorations in the valleys of Nelson and Churchill rivers in 1879, 65-66 1886 report, 66 before Senate Committee of 1887, 82 description of the rocks of the eastern part of lake St. Joseph, 82 1886 report as to fish, animals and game in Keewatin area, 88 evidence before the Senate Committee of 1887 as to fish, animals and game in Keewatin area, 88-89 evidence before the Senate Committee of 1887 as to agriculture in Athabaska district, 134-135 opinion of the tar sands in Athabaska river in his paper before the American Institute of Engineers, Toronto, in 1907, 187
Bell, James Macintosh, F.R.G.S., exploratory trips of, 21 description of country along Martin river, 266 description of Great Bear river, 271 fine timber at Keith bay, 275
Birch, 122 canoe birch at Fort Rae, 266 grown within Arctic circle, 274 on Bear river, 277
Bituminous Spring on Cree river, 126
Bitumen from Fort Providence to Chipewyan, 285
Black bay on lake Athabaska, galena found at, 181
Bompas, the Right Reverend, opinion of, of the soil in Peace river country, 145-146
Boulder river, timber along, 66
Bredin, W. F., Esq., evidence of, before the Senate Committee of 1907, 104 evidence before the Senate Committee of 1907 as to tar sands on Buffalo lake, 126 as to agriculture in Athabaska district, 137 as to agriculture in Peace river country, 165-167 as to the natural gas along Athabaska river, 193
Brick, Reverend J. Gough, evidence of, before the Senate Committee, as to agriculture and climate in Peace river country, 161-162
British North America Act, 1
Brock, Mr. R. W., opinion of, of petroleum and natural gas in northern Alberta, 194 of coal deposits, 286
Browne, Alexander, evidence of, on the mineral resources of the country around Hudson bay, 81
Buffalo lake tar sands, 126
Burntwood river, timber along, 72
Button, Captain Thomas, 7
Button bay, timber on, 76
Calling river, agricultural possibilities on, 136
Canoe lake, good gardens at, 108
Caribou in country between Churchill and Owl river, 93 south of Athabaska, 291 between Fort Rae and Great Bear lake, 291 between Athabaska lake and Churchill river, 291 west of the Mackenzie, 292 pass Rampart House semi-annually, 293 of the Barren Lands, 292, 343 value of, 349 an experiment by Dr. Grenfell, 350
Cereals in Mackenzie river region, 221
Champions of the north, 5, 6
Chesterfield inlet, water routes via, 307 spring at, 310
“Chinooks” at Arctic circle, 224
Chipewyan settlement, 108 advent of spring at, 133 agricultural possibilities at, 133, 137 timber in the vicinity of, 175
Christie, Hon. William, evidence of, before the Senate Committee of 1888 as to the agricultural possibilities of the country from Prince Albert to Fort Pitt, 97, 98 as to the agricultural possibilities of Peace river country, 157 as to wood buffalo in northern Alberta, 195, 196
Churchill and Owl rivers, timber in the country between, 76, 77
Churchill, fur-bearing animals near, 93 fish, 93, 94
Churchill river, 99 country north of, 115, 116 tributaries, 116 waterpower, 120 timber along the banks, 120, 122 timber north of, 123
Churchill and Clearwater rivers, resources of the region south of, 105 timber north of, 122, 123
Clay Belt, the, 61
Clay, Corporal S. G., report of, of his patrol through Grande prairie country in 1911, 207
Clearwater lake and Pas, timber in the country between, 75, 76 Mr. McLaggan’s description of the waters between, 92
Clearwater river, country good along, 104, 105 river and valley as described by Mr. F. J. P. Crean, 109, 110
Clearwater valley from Methye portage, description of the height of land overlooking, 117, 118 described by Bishop Tache, 118 water power, 121 sulphur springs on, 125, 126 animals, 127 beaver plentiful along, 130 iron found on, 181
Climate of the country lying south of Reed and Wuskwatim lakes, 54 of district explored by Mr. Crean in 1908, 111 in various parts of Athabaska valley, 141, 142 in Peace river country, 149 at Dunvegan, 151, 152 at Fort Vermilion, 165 in Peace river country, described by Mr. Warburton Pike, in his book, 173, 174 of Peace river country exceptionally healthy, 174
Clut, Archbishop, evidence of, before the Senate Committee of 1888 as to minerals in country northeast of lake Athabaska, 125, 126 as to gold in Peace and Liard rivers, 181 as to timber, 265, 269 on feathered game, 294
Coal found south of Saskatchewan and Churchill rivers, 124 on Saskatchewan river, 124 along either side of Cree river, 126 at Lac la Ronge, 126 at McKay, 182 along Mackenzie river, 281 two hundred square miles, 286
Cobalt found on west shore of Reindeer lake, 125
Cold Springs settlement, 171
Conroy, Mr. H. A., evidence of, before the Senate Committee of 1907 as to agricultural possibilities in Athabaska district, 136, 137 as to the climate conditions in Athabaska-Peace river country, 142 as to the agricultural resources of Peace river country, 168, 169 as to timber in Athabaska country, 176 his report to the Superintendent of Forestry, January 17, 1910, as to timber in Athabaska country, 176
Cook, Richard S., Esq., evidence of, before the Senate Committee of 1907, 102, 104 as to mineral in region north of the Saskatchewan, 126 as to the fish in country north of the Saskatchewan, 129
Copper around File lake, 85 found at Wekusko lake, 86 at the junction of Nahanni and Liard rivers, 282 in Barren Lands, 325 deposits rival those around lake Superior, 328
Cowpar lake, agricultural possibilities around, 137, 138
Crean, Frank, J. P., C.E., explorations of, 25, 27 natural resources of district south of Churchill and Clearwater rivers, 105, 115 description of Clearwater river and valley, 109, 110 report on water powers, 120, 121 reports on timber areas, 120, 122 as to minerals in country north of the Saskatchewan, 126 as to fish and game in country north of the Saskatchewan, 129, 130 as to agriculture in the country west of Methye and Buffalo lakes and south of Clearwater river, 137, 138 as to the tar sands on Athabaska river, 187, 188 fish and game in district explored by him in 1909, 204, 205
Cree lake, 116
Cree river, timber on the shores of, 123 bituminous springs on, 126 coal along either side of, 126 minerals reported by Chief Factor A. McDonald on, 126
Cross lake and Pas, timber of the district between, 78, 79
Dawson-Hind expeditions, 2
Dawson, Doctor G. M., exploration of, 17 report of 1879-80 as to agriculture in Peace river country, 157-161 evidence before the Senate Committee of 1888 as to timber in Peace river country, 177-179 description of petroleum along the Athabaska in his Summary Report for 1894, 189 reports spruce as far north as Bear lake river, 271 on Back’s grayling, 295
Dease, Peter Warren and Thomas Simpson, Exploration of, 14
Dease river, 278
Deer lake, timber around, 68 agricultural possibilities good, 106
Deer at Fort Resolution, 293-294
Dickson, J. R., B.S.A., M.S.F., inspection by, in 1910, of the timber along the line of the proposed Hudson Bay railway from Pas to Split lake, 60-61 report as to climate and soil conditions of the area between Pas and Split lake, 62-63 report on the timber of the district between Pas and Cross lake, explored by him in 1910, 78-79 report of the mineral deposits of the area explored by him south of Cross lake, 86 report of the area south of Cross lake as to fish, animals, and game, 92
Distances estimated on the patrol of Inspector E. A. Pelletier of the Royal Northwest Mounted Police, 24
Dowling, Mr. D. B., explorations of, in 1899, 21 report of his explorations in 1893, 46-47 report of his explorations in 1899, 69 report of 1901 on Ekwan district, 69-70 report of his 1893 explorations, 70 explorations of Severn district in 1901, 83-84 report in 1901 of the game, animals and fish in Ekwan district, 90-91 report on the timber in the country around Green and Ile à la Crosse lakes and Lac la Ronge, 119-120
Dubawnt lake, 307
Dunvegan, agricultural possibilities at, 150-154
Economic minerals, report of Mr. Wm. Ogilvie on, 284
Edmonton, agricultural possibilities around, 166-167
Ekwan district, timber in, 69 game, animals and fish, 90-91
Ells, R. W., LL.D., F.R.S.C., opinion of, on the tar sands of Athabaska river as stated in the Geological Survey report, 186-187
Explorations, Dawson-Hind, 2
Explorations of Doctor John Richardson and Doctor Rae, 15
Explorations of Doctor Selwyn, Director of the Geological Survey, and Professor John Macoun, 17
Explorations of Doctor G. M. Dawson, 17
Explorations of Captain Back, 13, 14
Explorations of Thomas Simpson and Peter Warren Dease, 14
Explorations of Arctic Regions by Sir John Franklin, 14
Explorations conducted by the Canadian Government, 16
Explorations of Mr. A. P. Low of the Geological Survey, 18
Explorations of Mr. R. G. McConnell, B.A., 18, 19
Explorations of Doctor Bell, F.G.S., F.R.S.C., 17, 18
Explorations of Mr. William Ogilvie, D.L.S., in 1884 and 1888, 18
Explorations of Great Slave lake district by Mr. Warburton Pike, 19
Explorations of Mr. J. Burr Tyrrell, 19, 20
Explorations of Mr. D. B. Dowling of the Geological Survey in 1899, 21
Explorations of Mr. David T. Hanbury, 21, 22
Explorations of the country between Great Slave lake and Chesterfield inlet on Hudson bay, by J. W. Tyrrell, C.E., 21
Explorations of James Macintosh Bell, F.R.G.S. 21
Explorations of Mr. Edward A. Preble of the United States Biological Survey, 22
Explorations of Mr. William McInnes, 23
Explorations of W. Thibaudeau, C.E., in Churchill district, 23
Explorations of Frank J. P. Crean, C.E., of the Railway Lands Branch of the Department of the Interior, 25, 26, 27
Explorations of Mr. J. W. McLaggan of Strathcona, Alberta, in 1907, 58, 59
Explorations of W. Thibaudeau, C.E., in 1906, of the country between Churchill and Owl rivers, 76, 77
Explorations of Mr. Wm. McInnes in 1906 of the basins of Reed and Wekusko lakes and Grass river, 84, 85
Explorations for minerals of the district north of Lac Seul by Mr. A. W. G. Wilson, 85, 86
European districts compared with northwestern Canada, 241
Evidence before the Parliamentary Committee of 1749, 30, 31
Evidence of Doctor Bell before the Senate Committee of 1887, 67
Evidence of Mr. Low before the Senate Committee of 1907, 68
Evidence of Mr. McInnes before the Senate Committee of 1907, 73
Evidence of Mr. Owen O’Sullivan before the Senate Committee of 1906, 74
Evidence contained in the report of the British parliamentary investigation of 1749, 81
Evidence of Mr. Wm. McInnes before the Senate Committee of 1907, 85
Evidence of Doctor Bell before the Senate Committee of 1887, as to fish, animals and game in Keewatin area, 88, 89
Evidence of Mr. A. P. Low before the Senate Committee of 1907 as to fish in inland waters of Keewatin, 89, 90
Evidence of Mr. McInnes before the Senate Committee of 1907, as to fish in region lying west of Hudson bay, 91, 92
Evidence of Richard King, M.D., before the British Parliamentary Committee of 1857, as to the agricultural possibilities of northern Saskatchewan, 96, 97
Evidence of Hon. William Christie before the Senate Committee of 1888 as to the country from Prince Albert to Fort Pitt, 97, 98
Evidence of the Venerable Archdeacon J. McKay, Church of England Missionary of the Canadian West, before the Senate Committee of 1907, 99, 100
Evidence of W. F. Bredin, Esq., member of the Legislative Assembly of Alberta for the Division of Athabaska, before the Senate Committee of 1907, 104
Evidence of the Venerable Archdeacon McKay, before the Senate Committee of 1907, as to the timber in the country around Lac la Ronge, 119
Evidence of Mr. Tyrrell, before the Senate Committee of 1907, as to the forests of the country north of the Churchill, 123
Evidence of Mr. J. B. Tyrrell, before the Senate Committee of 1907, as to minerals along Saskatchewan river, 124
Evidence of Archbishop Clut, before the Senate Committee of 1888, as to minerals in country northeast of lake Athabaska, 125, 126
Evidence of Mayor Cook, of Prince Albert, before the Senate Committee of 1907, as to minerals in the region north of the Saskatchewan, 126
Evidence of Mr. Alfred von Hamerstein, before the Senate Committee of 1907, as to medicinal springs on Clearwater river, 126
Evidence of W. F. Bredin, M.L.A., before the Senate Committee of 1907, as to tar sands of Buffalo lake, 126
Evidence of Mr. H. J. Moberly, chief trader of Hudson’s Bay Company at Rapid river, Cumberland district, before the Senate Committee of 1887, 127, 128
Evidence of Mayor Cook, of Prince Albert, before the Senate Committee of 1790, as to the fish in country north of the Saskatchewan, 129
Evidence of Sir John Richardson, before the British Parliamentary Select Committee of 1857, as to the capabilities of the country traversed by him, for the purpose of settlement and colonisation, 133
Evidence of Doctor Robert Bell, before the Senate Committee of 1887, as to agriculture in Athabaska district, 134, 135
Evidence of Mr. Alfred von Hamerstein, before the Select Committee of the Senate of Canada in 1907, as to the agricultural resources of Athabaska district, 135, 136
Evidence of Mr. Elihu Stewart, before the Senate Committee of 1907, as to agriculture in Athabaska district, 136
Evidence of Mr. H. A. Conroy of the Indian Department, before the Senate Committee of 1907, as to agriculture in Athabaska district, 136, 137
Evidence of Mr. J. B. Tyrrell, before the Senate Committee of 1907, as to the country immediately north of lake Athabaska, 137
Evidence of W. F. Bredin, M.L.A., before the Senate Committee of 1907, as to agriculture in Athabaska district, 137
Evidence of Mr. H. A. Conroy, before the Senate Committee of 1907, as to the climatic conditions in Athabaska-Peace river country, 142
Evidence of Professor Macoun, before the Senate Committee of 1888, as to the character of Peace river country, 147-149
Evidence of Mr. McConnell, before the Senate Committee of 1907 as to agriculture in Peace river country, 155-156
Evidence of Hon. William Christie, before the Senate Committee of 1888, as to the agricultural possibilities of Peace river country, 157
Evidence of Reverend J. Cough Brick, before the Senate Committee of 1888, as to agriculture and climate in Peace river country, 161, 162
Evidence of Mr. Frank Oliver, before the Senate Committee of 1888, as to agriculture in Peace river country, 162
Evidence of Fred Lawrence, F.R.G.S., Justice of the Peace, of Fort Vermilion, before the Senate Committee of 1907, as to agriculture and climate in Peace river country, 162, 165
Evidence of Mr. W. F. Bredin, before the Senate Committee of 1907, as to agriculture in Peace river country, 165-167
Evidence of Mr. Elihu Stewart of Ottawa, before the Senate Committee of 1907, as to agriculture in Peace river country, 167, 168
Evidence of Mr. Henry A. Conroy, before the Senate Committee, as to the agricultural resources of Peace river country, 168, 169
Evidence of Mr. Charles Mair as to the agricultural resources of Peace river country, 170
Evidence of Mr. Charles Mair in his book “Through the Mackenzie Basin”, as to the climate of Peace river country, 174
Evidence of Professor Macoun, Botanist to the Geological Survey, before the Senate Committee of 1888, as to timber in Athabaska country, 175
Evidence of Mr. Alfred von Hamerstein, before the Senate Committee of 1907, as to timber in Athabaska country, 175
Evidence of Mr. H. A. Conroy of the Indian Department, before the Senate Committee of 1907, as to timber in Athabaska country, 176
Evidence of Doctor G. M. Dawson, before the Senate Committee of 1888, as to timber in Peace river country, 177-179
Evidence of Mr. Fred S. Lawrence, before the Senate Committee of 1907, as to timber in Peace river country, 179
Evidence of Mr. Alfred von Hamerstein, before the Senate Committee of 1907, as to gold in northern Alberta, 180, 181
Evidence of Bishop Clut, before the Senate Committee of 1888, as to gold in Peace and Liard rivers, 181
Evidence of Mr. Alfred von Hamerstein, before the Senate Committee of 1907, as to iron and coal in northern Alberta, 182
Evidence of Mr. von Hamerstein, before the Senate Committee of 1907, as to minerals in northern Alberta, 183-186
Evidence of Mr. J. B. Tyrrell, before the Senate Committee of 1907, as to the tar sands on Athabaska river, 186
Evidence of Mr. von Hamerstein, before the Senate Committee of 1907, as to petroleum in country from Athabaska river to Peace river, 192
Evidence of W. F. Bredin, M.L.A., before the Senate Committee of 1907, as to the natural gas along Athabaska river, 193
Evidence of Mr. von Hamerstein, before the Senate Committee of 1907, as to natural gas in northern Alberta, 193
Evidence of Hon. Wm. Christie, before the Senate Committee of 1888, as to wood buffalo in northern Alberta, 195, 196
Evidence of Mr. H. A. Conroy of the Indian Department, before the Senate Committee of 1907, as to wood buffalo in northern Alberta, 202, 203
Evidence of Mr. H. B. Moberly, before the Senate Committee of 1887, as to game and fish in the north, 203, 204
Evidence of Professor John Macoun, before the Senate Committee of 1888, as to fish in the north, 204
Evidence of Mr. McConnell before the Senate Committee of 1907, 268
Evidence of Bishop Clut before Senate Committee of 1888, 269
Evidence of Mr. von Hamerstein, before the Senate Committee of 1907, 286
Evidence of Ex-Judge MacLeod, before the Senate Committee of 1888, 291
Evidence of Mr. W. F. Bredin, before the Senate Committee of 1907, 299
Extracts from Mr. Robson’s book “An Account of Six Years’ Residence in Hudson’s Bay”, published in 1752, 34, 35, 36
Extract from Mr. Ed. Umfreville’s volume “Eleven Years in the Service of the Hudson’s Bay Company and Four Years in the Canada Fur Trade”, published in 1790, 36
Extract from the writings of the Reverend John Semmens, 36, 37
Extract from Mr. J. A. J. McKenna’s report on the Hudson bay route, 37
Extract from Doctor Robert Bell’s report of his exploratory trip in 1886 of the country in lake St. Joseph section, 38
Extract from the Annual Report, Department of the Interior, 1885; what Mr. Fawcett says of his descent of the Wenassago to Lac Seul, 38, 39
Extract from Mr. John Armstrong’s report of the preliminary survey in 1908-9 for the proposed railway to Hudson bay, 60
Extracts from the report of the engineer in charge of the boring operations at Pelican river, Mr. A. W. Fraser, 190-192
Fathers of Confederation, the, 1
Favourable lake, 39 vegetation around, 67 sturgeon, 90
“Fertile Belt”, the, 1
Fir trees (splendid) near Great Slave lake, and in the country east to Slave river, 265
Fish in Sturgeon lake, 88 in Keewatin area, 88 in lake St. Joseph, 88 in Hudson bay, 89 in James bay, 89 and game in region explored by Mr. J. B. Tyrrell in 1896, 90 in Winisk and Attawapiskat rivers, 91 in region lying west of Hudson bay, 91-92 in the area south of Cross lake, 92 in the waters between Pas and Clearwater lake, 92 between Churchill and Pas, 92-93 staple food of inhabitants of country north of the Saskatchewan, 127 in the lakes and streams in the country between Churchill river and lake Athabaska, 129 in Torch river, 129 in Saskatchewan river, 129 in Reindeer lake, 129 in Methye lake, 129 in the north in general, 203-204 in Big Buffalo river, 205 and game of Mackenzie region, 288 of the Mackenzie country, 295 in Athabaska river and Great Slave lake, 297 of Mackenzie river, reported on by Mr. Wm. Ogilvie, 300 in the “Barren Lands”, 357 the arctic salmon, 358 in the Dubawnt and the Kazan, 359 in the Thelon, 360
Flour manufactured at Fort Vermilion, 169-170
Footprint lake, 51, 52
Fort Enterprise, description of country surrounding, 267
Fort Franklin, 13 trees a hundred and thirty years old, 275 country is well wooded, 276
Fort Good Hope, 217 fine tamarack, 268 fine jackpine according to Mr. McConnell’s report of 1888, 271 tar springs reported by Mr. McConnell, 282
Fort Liard, 221, 226, 233, 241
Fort Norman, 215, 238 fine tamarack, 268 fine spruce, 270 soil, 283
Fort Providence, bitumen near, 285
Fort Nelson is all prairie land, 269
Fort Rae and surrounding country, canoe birch at, 266
Fort Resolution, 240 deer, 293, 294
Fort St. John, agriculture at, 150
Fort Simpson, 220 in 1904, the sap was running freely from April 20 to May 1, 266 to Great Slave lake is all forest according to Mr. Ogilvie’s report, 267 fine tamarack, 268 moose, 290
Fort Smith, salmon up Mackenzie to, 299
Fort Vermilion, agriculture at, 147-148, 157, 163-164 climate at, 165 flour manufactured, 169-170
Fort Wrigley, 239
Foxe, Captain Luke, 7
Franklin, Sir John, 12 exploration of Arctic regions, 14 impression of the view from the heights above the Clearwater at Methye portage, 118 report of the agricultural possibilities of Athabaska basin, 133 in his journal of August 19, 1820, on Fort Enterprise, 267 reports on Yellowknife river, description of soil and timber, 267
Franklin river, granite along, 283
Galena found at Black bay on lake Athabaska, 181
Game in Keewatin area, 88 plentiful near forks of the Muhigan, 90 between Churchill and Pas, 92, 93 plentiful in Meadow lake district, 130 in the far north, 203, 204 at Fort Confidence, 293 feathered, on Mackenzie, Athabaska, Peace, Salt and Great Slave lake rivers, 294 and fur-bearing animals in far northwestern Canada as given by Mr. Moberly, 203, 204
Geikie river, 116 timber on the shores of, 122, 123
Gillam, Captain, 7
Gold found in a bar on Loon river, 180 in the bars above the mouth of Battle river, 180 in the bars in Peace river, 180 in Repulse bay, 340
Grande Prairie, agricultural possibilities at, 155, 156
“Grand View” on Mackenzie river, 217
Gravel river, timber along, 270 plenty of moose, 290 fish, 295, 296
Great Bear lake, black spruce around, 271 timber, 276, 323 soil of the surrounding country, 265 fish, 300
Great Bear river, description of, by Mr. J. M. Bell, 271
Great Slave lake to Fort Simpson is all forest according to Mr. Ogilvie’s report, 267 tar springs, 281 soil, 283 asphalt, 283 moose, 288 woodland caribou, 291 fisheries, 296 timber, 320
Great Slave river well timbered like that of lower Athabaska and Peace rivers, 262
Green lake district, agricultural possibilities of, 112, 113 timber, 119 fish, 129
Griffin, Mr. Robert, testimony of, 33, 34
Grouard, 170
Gypsum in vicinity of Nomansland, 84 near Peace river and Slave river, 183 at the mouth of Bear river, 282
Hanbury, Mr. David T., explorations of, 21, 22 on the Barren Lands, 303 on copper deposits of the north, 330
Harmon, Mr. Daniel Williams, impression of, of the view from the heights above the Clearwater at Methye portage, 117, 118 on the agricultural possibilities in Peace river country, 144
Harrison, Mr. Alfred H., trip of exploration of, down Slave and Mackenzie rivers, 22 on Mackenzie basin, 240
Hayter, Mr. John, testimony of, on Hudson bay region, 33
Hayes, Mr. W., opinion of, of timber in Athabaska country, 176
Hearne, Mr. Samuel, historical trip of, 9, 10, 11 fine timber on Coppermine and in other northern parts, 264
Heart lake, agricultural possibilities around, 138
Hind, Professor, report of, 2, 3
Horetzky, Charles, C.E., reconnaissance survey of, through Peace river country, 17 report as to agricultural possibilities in Peace river country, 144, 145
Howard, Inspector D. M., 1909 report of, as to agricultural possibilities in northern part of the district, Chipewyan and Smith Landing, 138, 139 as to agricultural possibilities in Peace river country, 170-173
Hudson, Henry, 6, 7
Hudson bay, timber on the shores of, 67 fish, 89 seal, 89
Hudson bay and Norway House, timber between, 68
Hudson bay region, timber resources of, 79-80 water powers available in, 80
Hudson’s Bay Company, 7, 8
Ile à la Crosse, agricultural possibilities at, 98 garden at, 108 timber in the country around, 119
“Inconnu”, the, 301
Industries and transportation in Peace river district, 171, 172
Investigations by the Canadian Parliament, 16
Iron ore on Taylor and Gillis islands, 84 at Sipiwesk lake, 86 south of Saskatchewan and Churchill rivers 124 found by Mr. J. B. Tyrrell in Churchill river district and also north of lake Athabaska, 181 found on Peace, Clearwater and Athabaska rivers, 181 found along Clearwater river, 182 on Mackenzie river, 283
Iron, gold, silver, north of lake Athabaska, 339
Jackpine, 122
James, Captain Thomas, 7
James bay, west coast of, 57 timber on the shores of, 67 fish, 89
Jarvis, Inspector A. M., C.M.G., report of, as to wood buffalo in Athabaska country, 197, 202
Jennings, Inspector, reports of, 302
Keele, Mr. Joseph, reconnaissance across Mackenzie mountains on Pelly, Ross and Gravel rivers, 23 reports on timber of Gravel river, 270 on his explorations, 286 on moose in Gravel river valley, 290 fish in Gravel river, 295
Keewatin region, the, 28, 29 first part of the still unexploited northwest with which white men came into touch, 30 diameter and ages of trees growing in different localities throughout, 71 timber in the southern part of, 68, 69 timber in the western part of, 73 mineral resources, 82 geological formations, 83 game, fur-bearing animals and fish, 88
Keith bay, timber around, 275
Kelsey, Henry, 8
King, Doctor Richard, evidence of, before the British Parliamentary Committee of 1857 as to the agricultural possibilities of northern Saskatchewan, 96, 97
Lac la Ronge and Prince Albert, country between, 100
Lac la Ronge district, agricultural possibilities of, 100 mineral possibilities, 126 coal, 126 general, 105, 106
Lac Seul, timber in the country about, 70
Lansdowne, lake, timber around, 66
Lawrence, Mr. Fred, F.R.G.S., evidence of, before the Senate Committee of 1907, as to agricultural possibilities and climate in Peace river country, 162, 165 evidence before the Senate Committee of 1907 as to timber in Peace river country, 179
Liard valley from the Mackenzie has fine large spruce, 269
Lignite found inland in country south and west of James bay, 82 in its crude form, 283
Little Prairie settlement, 171
Lockhart river well timbered, 277 bear and moose, 291
Low, Mr. A. P., exploration of, 18 personal account of his trip in 1886, 39 evidence before the Senate Committee of 1907, 39, 40, 41 his report of 1886, 39 evidence before the Senate Committee of 1907, 68 report of his examination of country between lake Winnipeg and Hudson bay, 82 examination before the Senate Committee of 1907, 82 evidence before the Senate Committee of 1907 as to fish in inland waters of Keewatin, 89, 90
Lumber for building, fine, along Mackenzie, 274
MacFarlane, Mr. R., Hudson’s Bay Officer, report on Anderson river by, 277 timber, 278 on woodland caribou between lakes Winnipeg and Athabaska, 291
Mair, Mr. Charles, evidence of, on agricultural resources of Peace river district, 170 climate of same, 174 timber in same, 179
Mackenzie, Mr. Alexander, trips of exploration of, 11 overlooking the Clearwater from Methye portage, 117 country north of the Mackenzie after leaving Slave lake, 267
Mackenzie river region, area comprised in, 29 agricultural possibilities, arable land and topography, 208 extent of watershed of, 209 table of distances, 210 navigation, 210 open season on Mackenzie river, 213 tributaries of Mackenzie, 214 ramparts of cañon of Mackenzie, 216 the “Grand View”, 217 cattle, 219 reindeer, 221 cereals, 221 root crops, 221 Professor Macoun’s testimony, 227 stock-raising, 228 R. G. McConnell, 229 William Ogilvie, 234 timber, 261, 262 muskeg and rocky areas, 261 fine balsam poplar, 268 waterpower, 271 timber, 274 coal, 281 salt springs, 281 salt, 282 iron, 283 fish and game, 288 caribou, 292 feathered game, 294 fish, 295
Macleod, Sergt. R. W., report of, on country between Fort Vermilion and Hay river, 139-140 on buffalo in the country between Fort Vermilion and the mouth of Hay river in Great Slave lake, 203 reports of his patrols in 1909 and 1910 from Fort Vermilion to Hay river, 205-206
Macleod, Mr. Malcolm, before Senate Committee of 1888, 274, 275
Macoun, Professor John, report of, on the Northwest Territories, 16 and Doctor Selwyn, expedition of, 17 reference of, to northern portion of Saskatchewan as an agricultural country in his book “Manitoba and the Great Northwest”, 98 opinion of the agricultural possibilities of Peace river country as stated in his book “Manitoba and the Great Northwest”, 146-147 evidence before the Senate Committee of 1888 as to the character of the Peace river country, 147-149 evidence before the Senate Committee of 1888 as to the timber in Athabaska country, 175 evidence before the Senate Committee of 1888 as to fish in the north, 204 on Mackenzie basin, 228
Manasan falls, 51
Marble found on Marble island in Hudson bay and also at Churchill, 87
McConnell, R. G., B.A., explorations of, 18, 19 report on agricultural possibilities of Peace river country, 154-155 evidence before the Senate Committee of 1907 on agricultural possibilities in Peace river country, 155-156 report on gold in northern Alberta, 180 on iron in Peace region, 181 on minerals in northern Alberta, 182, 183, 185 on petroleum in the tar sands, 188-189 opinion of the natural gas along the Athabaska river, 193-194 report on Mackenzie basin, 229 on the Mackenzie, 265 from Fort Providence along Beaver river to lake Bis-tcho, 267-268 timber about Fort Simpson, 268 timber along Liard river, 269, 270 jackpine grows as far north as Fort Good Hope, 271 timber below Fort Good Hope, 271, 272 tar springs about Great Slave lake, 281 indications of oil throughout Mackenzie valley, 282 fish in Great Slave lake district, 297
McDonald, Chief Factor A., report of, on minerals of Cree river, 126
McDougall, The Reverend Doctor John, opinion of, of the region to the south of Split lake, 37
McInnes, Mr. William, explorations of, 23 description of the country about Winisk and Attawapiskat rivers, 47-54 report in 1903, 1904 and 1905 of his survey of the region drained by the Winisk and the Attawapiskat, 70-71 report on region explored by him in 1906, 71-73 evidence before the Senate Committee of 1907, 73 explorations in 1906 of the basins of Reed and Wekusko lakes and Grass river, 84-85 further evidence before the Senate Committee of 1907, 85 report of his explorations about Winiskand Attawapiskat rivers, as to game, fish and animals, 91 evidence before the Senate Committee of 1907 as to the fish in region lying west of Hudson bay, 91-92
McKay, The Venerable Archdeacon J., evidence of, before the Senate Committee of 1907, on Lac la Ronge district, 99-100 evidence given on the timber in the country around Lac la Ronge, 119
McKay, coal found at, 182
McLaggan, Mr. J. W., exploratory trip of, 1907, 58-59 account of his trip in 1907, 75-76 explorations for minerals, 86-87 description of the waters between Pas and Clearwater lake, 92
McMurray, agriculture at, 136
Meadow lake district, 113-114 game plentiful, 130
Medicinal springs on Clearwater river, 126
Mellor, Corporal, report of, on the country south west of Smith landing, 140 the buffalo country in northern Alberta, 202 fish in Big Buffalo river, 205
Methye lake, district, agricultural possibilities, 108-109 famous scenery, 117 timber, 120 fish, 129
Mineral resources of the country around Hudson bay, 81 observations of Rev. John Semmens in Burntwood district, 81-82 extensive rich deposits in southern part of Keewatin, 82
Missions, Church of England, 100, 106
Moberly, Mr. H. J., evidence of, before the Senate Committee of 1887 regarding animal life in the far northwest, 127-128 statement in writing to Senate Committee of 1887 as to wood buffalo in northern Alberta, 196 evidence before the Senate Committee of 1887 as to game, fur-bearing animals and fish in the north, 203-204
Monkman, Mr. Joseph, testimony of, 16
Moose north of prairies and east of Rocky mountains, 128 on Snake lake at the mouth of Sandy river, 130 a moose country, 205-206 Great Slave lake, 288 Mackenzie region, 289 Athabaska and Slave rivers, 290 around Fort Simpson, 290 Barren Lands, 355
Mounted Police, Royal Northwest, reports on Mackenzie basin, 251
Mudjatik river, timber along, 122-123
Musk-Ox, the, 351
Natural gas on the Athabaska at mouth of Little Buffalo river, 193, 194
Navigation on Mackenzie river, 209 open season on Mackenzie, 213
Nelson House, potatoes grown as far north as, 56
Nelson river country, 56
Nickel found on west shore of Reindeer lake, 125 may possibly be found on Upper Winisk river, 85
Northern Alberta region, area comprised in, 29
Northern Saskatchewan region, area comprised in, 29
Northland’s first champions, the, 6
Norway House and Cross lake, wheat grown successfully at, 56
Norway House and Hudson bay, timber between, 68
Ogilvie, William, D.L.S., exploratory trips of, in 1884 and in 1888, 18 report on agricultural possibilities in the Athabaska basin, 134 on soil and climate in Peace river country, 149-154 on waterpower on Athabaska river, 177 on waterpower on Slave river, 177 on wood buffalo in northern Alberta, 196, 197 on fish in lake Athabaska, 204 on Mackenzie basin, 234 much forest between Great Slave lake and Fort Simpson, 267 dense forest around Fort Nelson, 269 on timber on lower Mackenzie, 272 on deposits of economic minerals in Mackenzie valley, 284 on fish of the Mackenzie, 300
Oil springs of Athabaska region, 19
Oil throughout Mackenzie valley, 282
Oliver, Hon. Frank, trip of, made in 1910, 27 his opinion of the agricultural possibilities of the country between Edmonton and the Mackenzie, 141 evidence before the Senate Committee as to agricultural possibilities in Peace river country, 162 opinion of timber in Athabaska country, 177
O’Sullivan, Owen, C.E., on the west coast of James bay, 57 testimony before the Senate Committee of 1907, 57, 58 1906 report, 73, 74 further evidence before the Senate Committee of 1907, 74
Owl and Churchill rivers, timber in the country between, 76, 77
Pallister, Captain John, report of, 2, 3
Parliamentary inquiry, an early, 8, 9
Parliamentary inquiries of recent date, 16, 27
Pas and Cross lake, timber of the district between, 78, 79
Pas and Clearwater lake, Mr. McLaggan’s description of the waters between, 92
Patrol of the country between Great Slave lake and Hudson bay by Inspector E. A. Pelletier of the Royal Northwest Mounted Police, 23, 24
Peace river district, 131 river and tributaries, 143-144 climatic conditions, 149 settlements, 170, 171 transportation and industries, 171, 172 climate exceptionally healthy, 174 timber, 177-179 gold found in the bars in river, 180 iron, 181 timber, etc., 261, 262 fine balsam poplar, 268 woodland caribou, 291 feathered game, 294 arctic grayling, 296
Peat deposits in the area north of lake Winnipeg, 84
Pelletier, Inspector E. A., patrol of, of the country between Great Slave lake and Hudson bay, 23, 24
Petitot, Rev. Father, O.M.I., of Fort Good Hope, evidence of, before Senate Committee of 1888, 283
Petroleum, indications of, in the tar sands found along Athabaska river, 188 borings for, in Athabaska region, 189-194 all over Athabaska district, 282
Pike, Mr. Warburton, explorations of, of Great Slave lake district, 19 description of the climate in Peace river country, in his book, 173, 174
Pine (Banksian), 67 Mr. Preble’s report, 268
Point Separation and country surrounding is well wooded, 273, 274
Polar bear, the, 356
Poplar, Balsam, Rough-barked poplar, Cotton Tree, Balm of Gilead, etc., 65 aspen or white poplar, 122 balsam or black, 122 around Athabaska, Slave and Peace rivers, 268
Potatoes grown as far north as Nelson House, 56 fifty miles north of Pas, 56 at Split lake, 58
Prairie land around Fort Nelson, 269
Prairie River settlement, 171
Preble, Mr. Edward A., of the U. S. Biological Survey, exploratory trips of, 22 report on climatic conditions of various parts of Athabaska valley, 141, 142 on Mackenzie basin, 247 on the Barren Lands, 303 description of Slave river, 263 report on Great Slave lake, and its affluents, 265 on timber along Athabaska, Slave, Mackenzie and Peace rivers, 268 on Banksian pine, 268 on tamarack and its uses, 268 black spruce found up to Great Bear lake, 271 describes Lockhart river and its banks, 278 reports on game and fisheries, 288 on fish of Mackenzie basin, 295
Prince Albert, settlement north of, 103, 104
Pulpwood belt, a, 77
Quartz veins plentiful throughout the Keewatin belts, 85
Rae, Doctor, and Doctor John Richardson, expeditions of, 15
Range of growth of various trees in western Canada, 65
Red lake river and Red lake, timber on the banks of, 70
Reindeer lake, 116 cobalt found on shore of, 125 Mr. D. B. Dowling’s report on minerals, 125 nickel found on shore of, 125 fish, 129
Reindeer in Mackenzie region, 221
Report on the Northwest Territories by Professor John Macoun, 16
Reports of Mr. Frank J. P. Crean, C.E., on northern Saskatchewan, 26, 27
Report of Doctor Robert Bell of his exploratory trip from lake Winnipeg to Hudson bay in 1878, 37, 38
Report on the country north of the mouth of Saskatchewan river by Mr. J. B. Tyrrell, 41, 42, 43
Report of Mr. D. B. Dowling on upper Berens river district, 46, 47
Report of W. Thibaudeau on agricultural possibilities in Churchill district, 59
Report of Mr. John Armstrong of the preliminary survey of 1908 and 1909 for the proposed railway to Hudson bay, 60
Report of J. R. Dickson, B.S.A., M.S.F., on the rocks and soil of the area between Pas and Split lake, 60, 61
Report of Mr. J. R. Dickson on the climate and soil conditions of the area between Pas and Split lake, 62, 63
Report of Doctor Robert Bell of his explorations in the valleys of Nelson and Churchill rivers in 1879, 65, 66
Report of Mr. A. P. Low, on timber in Favourable lake district, 67, 68
Report of Mr. J. B. Tyrrell of his explorations in the southern part of Keewatin in 1896, 68, 69
Report of Mr. D. B. Dowling on timber north of lake Winnipeg, 69
Report of 1901 of Mr. Dowling on Ekwan district, 69, 70
Report of Mr. Dowling on his 1893 explorations in Red lake district, 70
Report of Mr. McInnes of his survey of the region drained by the Winisk and the Attawapiskat in 1903, 1904 and 1905, 70, 71
Report of Mr. McInnes on region explored by him in Cross lake district, 71, 73
Report of Mr. McInnes on his explorations in 1906, with reference to waterpowers, 73
Report of 1906 of Mr. Owen O’Sullivan, on timber in Keewatin area, 73, 74
Report of Mr. Alfred W. G. Wilson in 1902 of a reconnaissance traverse across the southern part of the unexplored area lying to the north of Lac Seul and east of Trout lake, 74, 75
Report of W. Thibaudeau, C.E., on Churchill district, 76, 78
Report of Mr. J. R. Dickson on the timber of the district between Pas and Cross lake, explored by him in 1910, 78, 79
Report of the British Parliamentary investigation of 1749, 81
Report of Mr. D. B. Dowling on the survey of Burntwood-Nelson lake Winnipeg district in 1899, 83
Report of Mr. Wm. McInnes, who explored the basins of Reed and Wekusko lakes and Grass river in 1906, 84, 85
Report of Mr. J. R. Dickson on the mineral deposits of the area explored by him south of Cross lake, 86
Report on the preliminary surveys for the Hudson bay railway by John Armstrong, C.E., 87
Report of Doctor Bell in 1886 on fish, animals and game in Keewatin area, 88
Report of Mr. J. B. Tyrrell on the fish and game in the south west of region explored by him in 1896, 90
Report of Mr. D. B. Dowling, in 1901, on the game, animals and fish in Ekwan district, 90, 91
Report of Mr. McInnes on the game, fish and animals about Winisk and Attawapiskat rivers, 91
Report of Mr. J. R. Dickson on the fish, animals and game in the area south of Cross lake, 92
Report of W. Thibaudeau. C.E., on fish and game between Churchill and Pas, 92, 93
Reports of Frank J. P. Crean, C.E., on region south of Churchill and Clearwater rivers, 105, 115
Report of Mr. J. B. Tyrrell on his explorations of 1892, 115, 116
Reports of Mr. F. J. P. Crean on timber areas, in northern Saskatchewan, 120-122
Reports of Mr. J. B. Tyrrell of his explorations of 1892 and 1893, minerals near lake Athabaska referred to in, 124
Report of Mr. Dowling of his survey of the west shore of Reindeer lake, reference to minerals in, 125
Report of Mr. Crean in 1908 on minerals in country north of the Saskatchewan, 126
Report of Chief Factor A. McDonald of minerals on Cree river, 126
Report of Mr. J. B. Tyrrell of his explorations of the country between Churchill river and lake Athabaska in 1892 as to animal life, 128, 129
Report of Mr. Crean in 1908 on fish and game in country north of the Saskatchewan, 129, 130
Report of Sir John Franklin on the agricultural possibilities of Athabaska basin, 133
Report of Dominion Government survey parties sent out in advance of the Canadian Pacific railway with reference to agricultural possibilities of the country, 134
Report of William Ogilvie, D.L.S., of his trip in 1884, with reference to agricultural possibilities in Athabaska basin, 134
Report of Mr. Frank Crean in 1909 on agriculture in country west of Methye and Buffalo lakes and south of Clearwater river, 137, 138
Report in 1909 of Inspector D. M. Howard of the Royal Northwest Mounted Police on agriculture in the northern part of the district about Chipewyan and Smith Landing, 138, 139
Report in 1909 of Sergt. R. W. Macleod of the Royal Northwest Mounted Police on the country between Fort Vermilion and Hay river, 139, 140
Report in 1909 of Corporal Mellor, of the Royal Northwest Mounted Police, on the country southwest of Smith Landing, 140
Report of 1911 of Superintendent G. E. Sanders, D.S.O., on agricultural possibilities in the country from Athabaska river to Great Slave lake and west to the Rockies, 140
Report of Mr. E. A. Preble of the U. S. Biological Survey on the climatic conditions of various parts of Athabaska valley, 141, 142
Report of Charles Horetzky, C.E., on agricultural possibilities in Peace river country, 144, 145
Reports of William Ogilvie, D.L.S., on soil and climate of Peace river country, 149-154
Report in 1888 of Mr. R. G. McConnell of the Geological Survey on agricultural possibilities in Peace river country, 154, 155
Report of G. M. Dawson, M.D., LL.D., in 1879-80 on agricultural possibilities in Peace river country, 157-161
Report in 1909 of Inspector D. M. Howard of Royal Northwest Mounted Police on agricultural possibilities in Peace river country, 170-173
Report of Mr. Conroy to the Superintendent of Forestry, January 17, 1910, on timber in Athabaska country, 176
Report of Mr. R. G. McConnell of the Geological Survey, in 1888 on gold in northern Alberta, 180
Report of Mr. R. G. McConnell in 1888 on iron in Peace river region, 181
Report of Mr. McConnell in 1888 on minerals in northern Alberta, 183-185
Report of Mr. McConnell on petroleum in the tar sands of Athabaska district, 188, 189
Report of Doctor G. M. Dawson on petroleum along the Athabaska in his Summary Report for 1894, 189
Report in 1910 of Corporal A. H. Schurer, of the Royal Northwest Mounted Police as to minerals in the country between Athabaska and McMurray, 192
Report of Mr. William Ogilvie in 1888 as to wood buffalo in northern Alberta, 196, 197
Report of Inspector A. M. Jarvis, C.M.G., on wood buffalo in Athabaska country, 197-202
Report of Sergeant R. W. Macleod in 1910 on buffalo in country from Fort Vermilion to the mouth of Hay river in Great Slave lake, 203
Report of Mr. William Ogilvie on fish in lake Athabaska, 204
Report of Mr. Frank Crean on fish and game in the district explored by him in 1909, 204, 205
Reports of Sergeant R. W. Macleod of his patrols in 1909 and 1910 from Fort Vermilion to Hay river, 205, 206
Report of Superintendent Sanders in 1911 on fur-bearing animals in the far north, 206, 207
Report of Corporal S. G. Clay, of his patrol through Grande Prairie country in 1911, 207
Reports of Mr. E. A. Preble, of the U. S. Biological Survey, 263, 265, 266, 268, 278
Reports of Mr. R. E. Young, D.L.S., on timber of Mackenzie region, 264
Reports of R. G. McConnell, 265, 267-268, 270, 272, 281, 282
Report of Sir George Back on timber around Reindeer lake, 267
Report of Mr. William Ogilvie on timber and coal of Mackenzie river region, 267, 284
Report of Sir John Franklin on timber along Mackenzie river, 267
Report of Mr. E. Stewart in 1906 on timber of Mackenzie region, 268, 274
Report of Senate Committee of 1888, 268
Report of Mr. Ogilvie, on country around Fort Nelson, 269
Report of Mr. Joseph Keele on timber on Gravel river in 1908, 270
Report of Mr. J. M. Bell on timber along Martin and Great Bear rivers, 266, 271
Report of Dr. Dawson before Senate Committee of 1888, 271
Report of Mr. Macleod before Senate Committee of 1888, 274, 275
Report of Mr. Brock on coal area of Mackenzie district, 286
Report of Supt. Saunders on Athabaska, Peace and Mackenzie rivers, 287
Report of Mr. Keele on moose, 290
Reports of Bishop Clut, O.M.I., before Senate Committee, 265, 269
Resources of northern Saskatchewan, 95, 96
Resources of the region south of Churchill and Clearwater rivers, 105
Richardson, Doctor John, and Doctor Rae, expedition of, 15
Robson, Mr. Joseph, testimony of, 33, 34
Ross, Captain John, 13
Ross river partially timbered, 278
Russian provinces, comparison with, 255
St. Joseph, lake, section, 38
Salmon at Fort Providence, 298 up Mackenzie to Fort Smith, 299
Salt found at Salt river, 183 salt springs on Mackenzie river, 281 in Mackenzie river district, 282 at Salt river near Fort Smith, 282
Salt Prairie and Heart River settlement, 170
Salt river, feathered game along, 294
Sanders, Superintendent, D.S.O., report of, on agriculture in the country from Athabaska river to Great Slave lake and west to the Rockies, 140 fur-bearing animals in the far north, 206, 207 report on Athabaska, Peace and Mackenzie countries, 287
Sandy lake, timber around, 67-68
Sans Sault rapid, 216
Saskatchewan, resources of the northern part of, 95, 96
Saskatchewan and Churchill rivers, description of country between, 98, 99
Saskatchewan river, coal found on, 124 fish, 129
Scenery of Methye portage, 117
Scenic beauty of the country between the Saskatchewan and Churchill and Clearwater rivers, 117
Schultz Committee reports of 1887 and 1888, compilation of a summary of the, 28
Schurer, Corporal A. H., report of, on the minerals in country between Athabaska and McMurray, 192
Scientific investigation of the country, 16
Seal, six species of, in Hudson bay, 89
Search expeditions, sent out by England, France and the United States, in quest of Sir John Franklin and party, 14, 15
Select Committee of the British House of Commons in 1749, main object of the, 30
Selwyn, Doctor, Director of the Geological Survey, and Professor John Macoun, expedition of, 17
Semmens, Rev. John, opinion of, of the timber in Burntwood river district, 64 mineral observations in Burntwood river district, 81, 82
Senate Committee of 1907, 244
Senate report of 1888 about Fort Simpson, 268
Sergeant, Mr. Matthew, testimony of, 31, 32
Seton, Mr. Ernest Thompson, on the Barren Lands, 303
Severn district, Mr. D. B. Dowling’s explorations of, in 1901, 83, 84
Severn lake and Favourable lake, 39
Simpson, Thomas, and Peter Warren Dease, explorations of, 14 Clearwater country animals, 127 moose around Great Bear lake, 289
Silver Springs settlement, 171
Slave river, water power on, 177 splendid forests, 261 timber between Peace and Slave rivers, 262 country has fine balsam poplar, 268 moose, 290
Smith bay to Keith bay, timber from, 275
Split lake region, 37 description of the country from Split lake to a line about forty miles north of the Saskatchewan, 54, 55 between Split lake and Big Churchill river, 57, 58 potatoes, 58 between Split lake and Pas, 77
Spruce, white, 121 black, 121, 122 fine timber on Bear lake river, 271 Liard valley, 269 as far north as Bear lake river, 271 on the Mackenzie above Fort Norman, 270 Great Bear lake, 276 Dease river, 278 MacFarlane river, 278 “Spruce bears the palm”, 279, 280
Stanley or Stanley mission, 106
Stewart, Mr. Elihu, evidence of, before the Senate Committee of 1907 on agriculture in Athabaska district, 136 agricultural possibilities in Peace river country, 167, 168 timber of upper waters of Saskatchewan, Athabaska and Peace rivers, 261 timber along Mackenzie to Fort Simpson, 267 good timber about Fort Simpson, 268
Stupart, Mr. R. F., tables compiled by, comparing the temperature conditions of the district between lake Winnipeg and Split lake in the months May to September, with European countries, 45, 46
Sturgeon lake fish, 88
Sturgeon lake settlement, 171
Sturgeon plentiful in Favourable lake, 90
Sulphur springs on Clearwater river, 125 between McMurray and lake Athabaska, 183, 184 about Great Slave lake, 281, 282
Tache, Bishop, description of, of the Clearwater valley, 118
Tamarack, range of, 65, 122 around Fort Simpson, 268 Fort Nelson, 269 Fort Good Hope, 269
“Tar sands”, the famous, 126, 184, 281, 285
Temperature and sunlight in Mackenzie river region, 235
Temperature conditions of the district between lake Winnipeg and Split lake in the months May to September compared with European countries, by Mr. R. F. Stupart, Superintendent of the Dominion Meteorological Service, 45
Tessier, Rev. Mr., experiences of, in agriculture at Dunvegan, 159, 160
Testimony of Mr. Joseph Monkman, 16 Mr. Richard White, 30, 31 Mr. Matthew Sergeant, 31, 32 Mr. John Hayter, 33 Mr. Edward Thompson, 33 Mr. Enoch Alsop, 33 Mr. Robert Griffin, 33, 34 Mr. Joseph Robson, 34, 35 Doctor Robert Bell before the Senate Committee of 1887, 38 Mr. Low before the Senate Committee of 1907, 39-41 Mr. Tyrrell before the Senate Committee of 1907, 43-45 Owen O’Sullivan, C.E., before the Senate Committee of 1907, 57, 58 Mr. Richard White before the Hudson bay Investigation Committee of 1749, 64
Thelon river, 308, 314 timber, 318 phenomenal growth, 320
Thibaudeau, W., C.E., explorations of, in Churchill district, 23 agriculture at Churchill, 59 from Churchill to Pas, 60 between Churchill and Owl rivers, 76, 77 timber around Button bay, 76 description of the country from Split lake to Pas, 77 fish and game between Churchill and Pas 92, 93
Thompson, Mr. Edward, testimony of, on soil, climate, etc., of Moose river, 33
Timber, inspection of, in 1910, along the line of the proposed Hudson bay railway, from Pas to Split lake, by J. B. Dickson, B.S.A., M.S.F., 60, 61 in the valleys and on the islands and lakes of Burntwood river course, Rev. John Semmens’ opinion of the, 64 areas good south and west of Hudson bay, 64 around lake St. Joseph, 66 along Boulder river, 66 around lake Landsdowne, 66 along the Attawapiskat, 66, 67 on the shores of James bay and Hudson bay, 67 around Favourable lake, 67 around Sandy lake, 67 between Norway House and Hudson bay, 68 around Deer lake, 68 in the southern part of Keewatin, 68, 69 in Ekwan district, 69 along Trout Lake river, 70 on Red Lake river and Red lake, 70 about Lac Seul, 70 diameters and ages in Keewatin area, 71 along Burntwood river, 72 in the western part of Keewatin, 73 north of Lac Seul and east of Trout lake, 74, 75 between Pas and Clearwater lake, 75, 76 on the east side of Button bay, 76 between Churchill and Owl rivers, 76, 77 between Pas and Cross lake, 78, 79 Hudson bay region, 79, 80 between the Saskatchewan and Churchill and Clearwater rivers, 117 about Lac la Ronge, 119 immediately north of the Saskatchewan, 119 around Green lake, 119 around Ile à la Crosse lake, 119 along Churchill river, 120 around Methye portage, 120 along Whitefish river, 120, 121 in northern Saskatchewan, 120-122 north of Waterhen river and lake, 121 north of Churchill and Clearwater rivers, 122, 123 on Churchill river from Methye portage to north of Reindeer river, 122 around Wallaston lake, 122 on Mudjatik river, 122, 123 on Geikie river, 122-123 on Cree river, 123 on northeast shore of lake Athabaska, 123 north of the Churchill, 123 in Athabaska river valley, 132 in the vicinity of Chipewyan, 175 in Peace river country, 177-179 Mackenzie river region, 261 between Athabaska and Peace rivers, 261 along Slave river, 262 around Great Slave lake, 265 around Reindeer lake, 267 along Mackenzie river to Fort Simpson, 267 about Fort Simpson, 268 along Liard river, 269 along Gravel river, 270 on Mackenzie river below Fort Good Hope, 272 from Keith bay to Smith bay, 275 around Fort Franklin, 275 timber growth, how to increase northern, 278
Torch river, 129
Transportation and industries in Peace river district, 171, 172
Trees, range of the most important, 65, 66
Trout Lake river, 70
Tyrrell, Mr. J. Burr, exploratory trips of, 19, 20 report on the country north of Saskatchewan river, 41-43 testimony before the Senate Committee of 1907, 43-45 report of his explorations in southern part of Keewatin in 1896, 68, 69 mineral report, 82, 83 evidence before Senate Committee of 1907, 83 report of the fish and game in the southwest of region explored by him in 1896, 90 report of his explorations in 1893 and 1894 of country between Saskatchewan and Churchill rivers, 98, 99 report on his explorations of 1892, 115, 116 description of country immediately north of the Saskatchewan, 119 evidence before the Senate Committee of 1907 as to forests of country north of Churchill, 123 report of his explorations of 1892 and 1893 as to minerals near lake Athabaska, 124 evidence before the Senate Committee of 1907 as to minerals along Saskatchewan river, 124 report of his explorations of the country between Churchill river and lake Athabaska in 1892 as to animal life, 128, 129 evidence before the Senate Committee of 1907 as to country immediately north of lake Athabaska, 137 evidence before the Senate Committee of 1907 as to tar sands on Athabaska river, 186 on the Barren Lands, 304
Tyrrell, J. B., C.E., D.L.S., exploration of, in the country between Great Slave lake and Chesterfield inlet on Hudson bay, 21
von Hamerstein, Mr. Alfred, evidence of, before the Senate Committee of 1907 on medicinal springs along Clearwater river, 126 on agricultural resources of Athabaska district, 135, 136 on timber in Athabaska country, 175 on gold in northern Alberta, 180, 181 on iron and coal in northern Alberta, 182 on deposits of gypsum and salt in northern Alberta, 183 on minerals in northern Alberta, 183-186 on petroleum in country from Athabaska river to Peace river, 192 on natural gas in northern Alberta, 193 on salt in Mackenzie basin, 286
Waterhen lake district, 115 waterpower, 120-121 Waterhen river and lake, timber north of, 121
Waterpower of Nelson river district, 73 northern Manitoba, 78 Hudson bay region, generally, 80 on Churchill river, 120 northern Saskatchewan, 120-121 on Waterhen river, 120-121 on Clearwater river, 121 on Athabaska river, 177 on Slave river, 177 along Athabaska river, 262 whaling industry, 301
White Birch (canoe birch), 65
Whitefish lake district, 114-115
Whitefish river, timber along, 120-121
White, Mr. Richard, testimony of, 30, 31 testimony before the Hudson Bay Investigation Committee in 1749, 64
White spruce, 65, 121
Wild geese, 356
Wilson, Mr. Alfred W. G., report of, on a reconnaissance traverse across the southern part of the unexplored area lying to the north of Lac Seul and east of Trout lake, 74-75
Yellowknife river, soil and timber of, 267
York Factory and Cape Henrietta Maria, survey of the coast between, 57
Young, Mr. R. E., report on the timber resources of the Mackenzie by, 264
TRANSCRIBER NOTES
—Misspelled words and printer errors have been corrected.
—Illustrations were moved to facilitate page layout.
—Inconsistencies in punctuation have been maintained. The use of periods and centered periods varied throughout the original text. In this edition weights, measurements and time have been standardized as follows:
-Time: colon (e.g. 1:30 p.m.) -Temperatures: period (e.g. 32.5°) -Per cent.: centered period (e.g. 10·5 per cent.) -Pound/lbs: centered period (e.g. 10·5 lbs.) -Miles: centered period (e.g. 4·5 cubic miles) -Latitude: centered period (e.g. 58·4°, 56° 35′ 11′′)
[The end of _The Unexploited West_, by Ernest J. (John) Chambers.]
End of Project Gutenberg's The Unexploited West, by Ernest J. Chambers