Chapter 152

Mulberry Trees, i. 423, ii. 13, 24 Mul-Java, ii. 349n Müller, F. W. K., ii. 89n Müller, Professor Max, i. 65n; on _Couvade_, ii. 93n; on stories of Buddha and St. Josafat, 323n, 325n, 326n, 328n Multán, ii. 426n Múnál pheasant (_Lophophorus impeyanus_), described by Ælian, i. 280n Mung (_Nicaea_), i. 104n Mungasht, hill fort, stronghold of the Atabegs, i. 85n Mungul, name applied to Tartars, i. 285. (_See_ Mongol.) Mungul-Temur and Mongo-Temur, see Mangu-Temur Murad Beg, of Kunduz, i. 156n, 161n, 163n Murghab River, i. 172n, 175n Murray, Dr. J. A. H., on _Couvade_, ii. 93n —— Hugh, ii. 133n, 141n, 175n, 208n, 212n, 486n Murus Ussu (Brius, Upper Kiang), ii. 67n Mus, Merdin (Mush, Mardin), i. 60, 62n Musk, animal (Moschus), i. 275, 279n, 364, ii. 34, 35n, 45, 54 —— earliest mention of and use in medicine, i. 279n Muslin, _see_ Mosolin Mutfili (Motapallé for Telingana), ii. 359, 362n, 403n, 424; its diamonds, 360–361, 362n; identified, 362n Muza, ii. 408n Mynibar, ii. 426n Mysore, ii. 427n Mystic number, _see_ Numbers

Nac, Nasich, Naques (Nakh), a kind of brocade, i. 63, 65n, 285, 295n _Nachetti_, silk stuff interwoven with gold, i. 65n _Nakhut_, gold brocade, i. 65n Nakkára (Naccara, Nacaires), the great kettledrum signalling action, i. 338, 339n–341n, ii. 461 Nákshatra, ii. 368n Nalanda, i. 306n Nan-Chao, formerly Ai-Lao, Shan dynasty in Yun-nan, ii. 73n, 79n Nancouri, ii. 308n Nanghin (Ngan-king), ii. 154, 157, 171n Nangiass, Mongol name of Manzi, ii. 144n Nankau, archway in Pass of, with polyglot inscription, i. 28n Nanking, not named by Polo, ii. 158n Nanwuli, ii. 301n Naobanján, i. 85n Naoshirwan, i. 53n Naphtha in the Caucasian country, i. 46, 49 —— Fire used in war by the Karaunahs, i. 101n Napier, Sir C., i. 147n Napoleon III., his researches and experiments on mediæval engines of war, ii. 164n, 165n Narikela-Dvipa, ii. 307n Narin-Kaleh, fortress, i. 53n Narkandam, volcanic island, ii. 312n Narsinga, King of, ii. 347n Narwhal tusk, mediæval Unicorn’s Horn, ii. 291n Nasich, _see_ Nac Nasruddin (Nescradin), officer in the Mongol Service, ii. 101, 104n, 111n, 114n Nassir-uddin, Mahmud, Sultan of Delhi, _12_ Natigay, Tartar idol, i. 257, 258n, 456, ii. 479 Nava-Khanda, or Nine Divisions of Ancient India, i. 104n Navapa (Lop?), i. 197n Naversa (ancient Anazarbus), in Cilicia, under Taurus, i. 58n Nayan, Kúblái’s kinsman, his revolt, i. 333, 334n; Kúblái marches against, 335; routed in battle, 337; put to death by Kúblái, 343 Nearchus at Hormuz, i. 114n Nebila and Mangla islands, ii. 405n Nebuchadnezzar, i. 52n Necklaces, precious, ii. 338, 346n Necuveran, _see_ Nicobar Negapatam, Chinese Pagoda at, ii. 336n Negroes described, ii. 422 Negropont, i. 18, 19n, 36 Nellore, ii. 333n Nemej, Niemicz (“Dumb”), applied to Germans by Slavs, ii. 493n Nerghi, Plain of, ii. 499 _Neri_ (pigs), ii. 210n Nescradin, _see_ Nasruddin _Nesnás_ (a goblin), i. 202n Nestorian Christians, at Mosul, i. 46, 60, 61n; Tauris, 75, 77n; Kashgar, 182; Samarkand, 182, 186n; Yarkand, 187; Tangut, 203, 207n; Kamul, 211n; Chingintalas, 212; Sukchur, 217; Kampichu, Kan-chau, 219; their diffusion in Asia, 237n; among the Mongols, 241, 243n; Erguiul and Sinju, 274; Egrigaia, 281; Tenduc, 284, 285, 287n; China, 291n; Yachi, or Yun-nan fu, ii. 66, 74n; Cacanfu, 132; Yang-chau, 154n; one in Polo’s suite, 159; churches at Chinghianfu, 177; church at Kinsay, 192; at St. Thomas, 358n; Patriarch of, 377n, 407; Metropolitan, 377n, 409n Nestorius, Patriarch of Constantinople, i. 61n Nevergún Pass, i. 112n New Year Festival at Kúblái’s Court, i. 390 Neza Tash Pass, i. 172n Ngan-king (Nanghin), ii. 154, 157, 171n Ngan-ning-ho River, ii. 69n Ngantung, Mongol general, ii. 462n Ngo-ning, or Ho-nhi, ii. 120n, 121n Nia (ancient Ni-jang), in Khotan, i. 195n Nias Island, ii. 298n Nibong Palm, ii. 305n Nicaea of Alexander, i. 105n Nicholson, Edward B., ii. 604n Nicobar (Necuveran) Islands, ii. 306, 307n, 315n; etymology and people, 308n Nicolas of Pistoia, ii. 356n Nicolas, Christian name of Ahmad Sultan, ii. 468n —— Friar, of Vicenza, i. 22 Nicolas IV., Pope, ii. 474n Nieuhoff, ii. 139n, 141n Nigudar (Nogodar), Mongol princes, i. 98, 102n Nigudarian bands, i. 98, 102n, 121n, 164n Nilawár (Nellore), ii. 333n Nile, sources of, ii. 415n, 438, 439n Nileshwaram, ii. 388n _Nímchah Musulmán_, “Half-and-Halfs,” i. 155n Nine, auspicious number among Tartars, i. 390, 392n Nine Provinces (India), i. 104n; (China), ii. 190, 199n Ning-hsia, or hia (Egrigaia), i. 282n, ii. 23n Ningpo, ii. 224n Ning-yuan fu, ii. 69n, 70n Niriz, steel mines of, i. 86n, 92n Nirvana, figures of Buddha in, i. 221n Nishapúr, i. 150n Niuché (Yuché), Chinese name for the Churchés or race of Kin Empire, _12_, i. 28n, 231n Noah’s Ark in Armenia, i. 46, 49n Nobles of Venice, _14_; Polo’s claim to be one, _ib._ Nochdarizari, mountains north of Kabul, i. 102n Nogai Khan, ii. 496; his intrigues and wars, 496–497; his history, 497n; wars with Toctai, 498 Nogodar (Nigudar), King of the Caraonas, story of, i. 98 Nomad tribes of Persia, i. 87n Nomogan (Numughan), Kúblái’s son, i. 361n, ii. 460, 462n None, _Nona_, _Nuna_, title given to younger brothers or subordinate princes, i. 171, 173n North, regions of the Far, ii. 479 North Star, _see_ Pole-Star Note Book, Polo’s, ii. 193n Novgorod, ii. 489n Nubia, St. Thomas in, ii. 355; alleged use of elephants in, 434n Nukdaris, tribe west of Kabul, i. 102n Nuksán Pass, i. 165n Numbers, mystic or auspicious, ii. 108n, 347n; Nine, i. 390, 392n; one hundred and eight, ii. 347n _Nuna_, _see_ None Nusi-Ibrahim, ii. 414n Nutmegs, ii. 272, 309n Nyuché, or Churché, race of Kin Emperors, _see_ Niuché.

Oak of Hebron, _see_ Terebinth Oaracta (Kishm, or Brakht), i. 115n Obedience of Ismaelites, extraordinary, i. 144n Obi River, ii. 481n, 484n Observatory at Peking, i. 378n, 449n Ocean Sea, i. 107, 270, ii. 3, 22, 36, 56, 146, 153, 189, 237n, 251, 487; other seas, parts of, 265 Ocoloro Island, ii. 406n Odoric, Friar, _117_, i. 49n, 59n, 76n, 81n, 89n, 110n, 117n, 202n, 288n, 314n, 370n, 375n, 384n, 385n, 426n, 437n, 441n, ii. 237n, 599n, 602n, 604n; on Kinsay, 212n; on Fuchau, 232n; Zayton, 237n; Java, 263n, 275n; Champa, 271n; Sumatra, 294n, 297n; on sago tree, 304n; on products of Ceylon, 315n; St. Thomas’s, 358n; Pepper Forest, 377n; brazil-wood, 380n; Thána, 396n Oger, the Dane, i. 131n Ogotai Khan, _see_ Okkodai Oil from the Holy Sepulchre, i. 14, 19, 26; fountain of (Naphtha) at Baku, 46, 49n; whale, 108, 117n —— head (Capidoglio, or Sperm whale), ii. 411, 414n —— walnut and Sesamé, i. 158, 162n Oirad, or Uirad (Horiad), a great Tartar tribe, i. 300, 308n Okkodai Khan, third son of Chinghiz, _10_, i. 65n, 206n, 227n, 228n, 236n, 247n, 437n Olak, Illuk, Aulák, _see_ Lac Old Man of the Mountain (Aloadin), _124_, _127_, i. 139–146; his envoys to St. Lewis, 47n; account of, 139; how he trained his Assassins, 142; the Syrian, 144; his subordinate chiefs, 143, 145n; his end, 145; modern representative, 147n Oljaitu Khan, his correspondence with European princes, i. 14n, 36n, 362n; his tomb, ii. 478n Oman, ii. 348n, 452n Omens, much regarded in Maabar, ii. 344, 351n; by the Brahmans, 364, 368n, 369n Onan Kerule, near Baikal, i. 236n Ondanique (fine kind of steel), Andaine, Andanicum, Hundwáníy, i. 90, 93n, 125n; in Kerman, 90; Chingintalas, 212, 215n Oppert, Dr. Gustavus, Book on Prester John, _Der Presbyter Johannes in Sage and Geschichte_, i. 231n–233n, 235n, 236n, 245n, 288n Orang Gugu, ii. 301n Orang Malayu River, ii. 281n _Or Batuz_, i. 388n Orbelian, John, identified by Bruun with Prester John, i. 233n–235n Ordos, the Mongols of, i. 249n Organa (Jerún), Persian Gerún, i. 115n Oriental phrases in Polo’s dictation, _84_ Orissa, ii. 426n Orkhon River, i. 227n Orléans, defence of, ii. 165n —— Isle d’, 277n _Orloks_, or Marshals of the Mongol Host, i. 263, ii. 462n Oroech, ii. 487, 489n _Oron_, Mongol for a region or realm, i. 104n _Orphani_, strange customs of the, ii. 298n _Osci_, the word, ii. 350n Ostriches, ii. 431, 437n Ostyaks, ii. 484n Otto, Bishop of Freisingen, i. 233n, 234n Oulatay (Uladai), Tartar envoy from Persia, i. 32, 33n _Ovis Poli_, _see_ Sheep _Oweke_, _see_ Ucaca Owen, Professor, ii. 417n Owen, Rev. Gray, on the Lolos, ii. 69n _Owo_, Mongol for Musk, i. 279n Oxen, humped, in Kerman, i. 97, 99n; wild, shaggy (Yaks), 274, 277n —— wild (_Beyamini_), in East Tibet, ii. 50; Burma, 111, 114n; in Bengal, 115, 116n; Anin, 119; worshipped, 341, 365, 370n; figures of, worn, 365, 370n Oxenham, _Atlas_, i. 433n, ii. 12n, 14n, 67n, 157n Oxydracae, the, i. 93n _Oxyrhynchus_, ii. 434n Oxus Valley and River, i. 152n, 161n, 172n, 173n, ii. 594n _Ozene_, ii. 397n

Pacamuria (Baccanor), ii. 386n Pacauta! (an invocation), ii. 338, 346n Pacem, _see_ Pasei Paddle-wheel barges, ii. 211n Paderin, Mr., visits Karákorum, i. 228n Pádishah Khátún of Kerman, i. 91n Padma Sambhava, i. 164n Pagán (in Burma), ii. 100n, 107n, 109n, 113n, 114n; ruins at, _13_; empire of, ii. 279n —— Old (Tagaung), ii. 107n, 113n Pagaroyang, inscriptions from, ii. 286n Paggi Islands, ii. 298n Pagodas, Burmese, ii. 110, 114n; alleged Chinese in India, 336n–337n, 391n Pahang, ii. 279n Paï, or Peyih tribe, ii. 60n, 120n Paipurth (Baiburt), i. 46, 49n Pai-yen-ching, ii. 58n _Paizah_, or Golden Tablet of Honour, i. 352n, 353n —— and _Yarligh_, i. 322n, 352n Pakwiha, China ware, ii. 243n _Pala_, a bird, ii. 351n Palace of Khan at Chagannor, i. 296; at Chandu (Shangtu), 298; of cane, 299; at Langtin, 306; Cambaluc, 362; on Green Mount, 370; at Kenjanfu (Si-ngan fu), ii. 24, 29n; of the Empire of Manzi at Kinsay, 191, 192, 206, 212n; in Chipangu, paved and roofed with gold, 253, 256n, 275n Palembang, ii. 281n, 283n _Paliolle_, _Or de_, for gold dust, ii. 52n Palladius, the Archimandrite, i. 187n, 198n, 215n, 225n, 227n, 248n, 251n, 256n, 270n, 276n, 279n, 282n, 287n, 288n, 291n, 304n, 306n, 308n, 310n, 319n, 327n, 334n, 336n, 344n–347n, 358n, 389n, 397n, 402n, 407n, 408n, 430n, 456n, 461n, ii. 178n Palm (Measure), ii. 592n Palm Wine, _see_ Wine of Palm Pamier (Pamir), Plain of, i. 171; its wild sheep, 171, 176n; great height, 174n; pasture, etc., 174n, 175n; described by Hiuen Tsang, Wood, Goës, Abdul Mejid, Colonel Gordon and others, 174n–176n; Dr. M. A. Stein on, ii. 593n–594n; Lord Curzon on number of, 594n Pan-Asiatic usages, i. 324n, 326n, ii. 359n Pandarani, or Fandaraina, ii. 386n, 391n Pandit Manphul, i. 162n, 163n, 173n, 154n–156n, 160n, 161n, 422n, 438n Pandrethan in Kashmir, Buddhist temple at, i. 167 Pandyan kings, ii. 333n–335n, 373n–374n Panja River, or Upper Oxus, i. 170, 172n–174n Panjáb, i. 104n Panjkora, i. 104n Panjshir, i. 162n, 165n, ii. 488n Pantaleon, coins of, i. 163n Panthé, or Mahomedan Kingdom in Yun-nan, ii. 80n Panya (or Pengya), in Burma, ii. 113n Pao-ki h’ien, ii. 32n, 34n Paonano Pao, i. 173n, ii. 593n Papé, Papesifu, ii. 117n, 128n Paper-money (Chao), Kúblái’s made from bark, i. 423–425, 426n–430n; modern, 428n. (_See_ also Currency.) Papien River, ii. 128n Paquier, Professor, i. 172n, 183n Paradise, Apples of, i. 97, 99n —— in legend of the Cross, 136n —— of Persia, 114n —— of the Old Man of the Mountain, i. 140, 142; destroyed, 145 —— Rivers of, 9n Parákráma Bahu I., ii. 334n Paramisura, founder of Malacca, ii. 282n _Parapomisadae_, ii. 402n _Parasol_, i. 354n Paravas, ii. 372n Parez, Pariz, turquoise mines of, i. 92n —— falcons of, 96n Pariahs (_Paraiyar_), ii. 228n; etymology of, ii. 349n Parker, E. H., i. 263n, 291n, 312n, 345n, 360n, 381n, 433n, ii. 60n, 74n, 88n, 104n, 148n, 151n, 169n, 207n; on Pasei, 296n Parlák, or Perlak, _see_ Ferlec —— Tanjong, ii. 287n Parliament, Tartar, ii. 495 Parpa iron mines, i. 93n Parrot, Professor, first to ascend Mount Ararat, i. 49n Parrots, ii. 376, 431 Partridges, i. 88; black, 99n; Jirufti, 111n; great (Chakors), 296, 297n; in mew, 298n. (_See_ also Francolin.) Parwana, a traitor eaten by the Tartars, i. 312n Paryán silver mines, i. 162n Pascal of Vittoria, Friar, i. 9n Pasei, Pacem (Basma), a kingdom of Sumatra, ii. 284–285, 288n–289n, 292, 296n, 305n —— Bay of, 296n —— History of, 288n–289n Pasha-Afroz, i. 165n Pasha and Pashagar tribes, i. 165n Pashai, i. 164; what region intended, 164, 165n —— Dir, i. 98, 104n Passo (or Pace), Venetian, ii. 280, 281n, 592n Patarins, heretics, _108_, i. 303, 321n, ii. 342n _Patera_, debased Greek, from Badakhshán, i. 159, 160n Patlam, ii. 337n _Pâtra_, or Alms-dish of Buddha, ii. 320, 328n; miraculous properties, 330n; Holy Grail of Buddhism, 330n Patriarchs of Eastern Christians, i. 60, 61n, ii. 407, 409n. (_See_ also Catholicos and Nestorian.) Patteik-Kará, ii. 99n, 100n Patterns, beast and bird, on silk, etc., i. 66n, 90, 95, 96n, 398n,