Part 22

.p2 Rahab, blood-colored thread on house of, 211. Raja Pasupati, reference to, 157. Ralston, W.R.S.: cited, 12, 19, 24, 32, 54 f.; quotation from, 23. Rameses II., reference to, 180. Ram’s horn on door-post in Tell-el-Hesy, 58. Ramsay, Prof. W.M.: cited, 229. Rawlinson, George: cited, 14, 105, 111 f. Rawlinson, Sir Henry C.: cited, 110, 153, 178, 184, 234; quotation from, 167-169. Recognition, Mount of, reference to, 164. Records, Book of, or Shoo King, reference to, 158. Red cloth on altar at marriage, 34. Red hand: as sign of covenant, 74 f.; in Morocco, 74; in Palestine, 74-76; in Turkey, 74, 77; in Babylonia, 75; on lintel, 75; Aryan origin of, 75; among Sephardeem, 76; in Mosk of St. Sophia, 77; in Central America, 81 f.; among aborigines of America, 83; among Dacotahs, Winnebagoes, 84; among Omahas, 85; among Ioways, Sauks, Foxes, Sioux, Arickarees, Cheyennes, Arapahoes, Comanches, Apaches, Jicarillas, and Pueblos, 87; among Pecos, 87 f.; among cliff-dwellers of Chelly Canyon, 87. See, also, _Bloody hand_. Red seal on documents, probable meaning of, 94. Redwan, village of, 190. Refuge, cities of, 151. Remondino, Dr. P.C.: cited, 196. Renouf, Le Page: cited, 128 f., 257. _Rere_, name for altar, 150 f. Réville, Albert: cited, 73, 111, 144 f., 235. Rhodes, doorway marked with honey in, 30. Rice: as offering among Hindoos, 15; on heads of bridal couple among Hindoos, 36; presented to bride in China, 40; as offering at threshold in Japan, 125 f. Richon’s Dic. of Bib. Antiq., reference to, 103. Rig Veda: reference to, 157; on production of sacred fire, 198. Right foot first to cross threshold of mosk, 123. Rio de Padrāo, or Pillar River, 182. Rites: religious, beginning of, 36, 199, 225; and symbols of New Testament, 215. Ritual of Old and New Testament, basis of, 228. Rituals, ecclesiastical, origin of, 226. River of Threshold, 182. Roberts, Joseph: cited, 95, 122. Robes stamped with red hand among American Indians, 83. Rocky Pytho, reference to, 133. Rod at door, stepping over, 123. Rodd, Rennell: cited, 27, 30 f., 38; quotation from, 52 f. Roman: Penates at threshold or hearth, 23; architect on proportions of temple, 36; custom of placing statues under foundations, 55 f.; custom of affixing spoils and trophies of war to lintels, 73; temples, position of altar in, 134; empire, mile-posts in, 176; empire, threshold of, 258. Roman Catholic Church on marriage, 222. Roman Catholic churches, holy water in, in America, 147. Rome: lifting bride over threshold in, 39; bride worshiping at altar-fire in, 41; images under foundations in, 55 f.; “gods of entrances” in, 97; reference to religion of, 97; reverence for phallic emblems in, 230; pine cone found in, 257; ceremonies at founding of, 264 f. Romulus, founder of Rome, 264 f. Rongo, first-born son of Vatea and Papa, reference to, 152. Roscommon, county of, Druidical altar in, 81. Rosenmüller, Ernst F.K.: cited, 78. Roumania, bat and coin under threshold in, 20. Rous’s Archæologia Attica, reference to, 39. Rubbing foreheads on “stone of desire” at Baveddeen, 125. Russia: welcoming guest with bread and salt in, 9; reverence for threshold in, 12; threshold observances in, 18, 31 f.; stillborn children buried under threshold in, 18; sacrifice to “Vodyaour” in, 19; household deity abiding behind stove in, 23; concerning dead and threshold in, 24; marriage custom among Mordvins in, 41; crossing altar-fire in, 42; death following building of new house in, 54; “upper corner” of house sacred in, 54 f.; disputed boundary lines in, 175. Ruth, reference to, 64. Ruthennu, land of the, reference to, 180.

“SA, the imposition of the,” representations on monuments of, 85. Sacrament of marriage in Greek and Roman Catholic churches, 222. Sacramental communion feasts, 226. Sacred corner of building in Russia, 54 f. Sacredness: of threshold among Scandinavians, 6 f.; of city gates among Greeks, 7; among Hindoos, 11; of boundary landmark in classic literature, 17; of threshold recognized in architecture and ceremonial, 22, 102; among Muhammadans, 123; in Persia, 123 f.; in Japan, 124 f.; in Babylonia and in Egypt, 126 f.; of doorway above threshold in Babylonia and Egypt, 126 f. Sacrifice: for family first made in home, 3 f.; in Syria, 3-5; at threshold in Egypt, 3, 7 f.; in Africa, 9, 27 f.; among Arabs, 9, 26, 59; among Pipiles, 144; in Mexico and Ireland, 21; in Morocco, 63; at door, of heifer, 4, pigeons, 4, horse, 4 f., bullock, 4, 7 f., sheep, 4, 7-9, 11, 21, 23, 26 f., 45, 53, 58 f., 63, 76 f., fowl, 4, 9, 21, 27, 45, 53-56, 71 f., goat, 4, 27 f., 45, 59, buffaloes, 7, human, 8 f., 46-48, 50-54, 56, 122 f., 125, 144 f., pig, 14, 19, 148, cow, goose, 21; of salt in Japan, 26; at threshold to reconcile enemies, 59; altar of, location of, 134; offered at boundary of empire, 183; origin of, 228. Sacrificial rules of ancient Hindoos on stepping over threshold, 36 f. Safed, sign of hand in houses at, 77. Sailer, Dr. T.H.P.: cited, 266. St. Catharine, convent of, reference to, 94. St. Columba, human sacrifice in walls of cathedral of, 50. St. Eric, tomb of, reference to, 140. St. John, Spencer: cited, 20, 34. St. John’s College, reference to, 48. St. Sophia, mosk of, stamp of red hand in, 77. Saint’s tomb as place of worship in Egypt, 129. Saivism, or Sivaism, predominating in modern Hindooism, 198. Sakya Sinha, attaining to Booddha-hood, 156. Sale, G.: cited, 164. Salt: as substitute for blood, 5, 20; on threshold in Syria, 5, in Japan, 20; stepping over, 5; and bread to welcome guest in Russia, 9, among Arabs, 22, among Erza, 43 f.; and fire in Scotland, 21; carried into new home in Pennsylvania, 21; under threshold in Russia, 32 f. Samoa: spilling water on doorstep in, 12; nuptial customs of, 196, 251; boundary lines in, 174; father as primitive priest in, 101. Samson carrying off gates of Gaza, 255. Sandwich Islands, temples in, 150. _Saph_, meaning of, 205, 207 f. Sarcophagi of Byzantine age showing altar on threshold, 121. Sardinia, prominence of door in, 107. Sargon I., reference to, 154. Sauks, red hand among, 87. Savage-Landor, A. Henry. See _Landor_. Sayce, Prof. A.H.: cited, 8, 80, 111, 113, 169, 201, 235. Scandinavia: sacredness of door in, 6 f.; reverence for phallic emblems in, 230. Scandinavians in America, importance of threshold among, 259. Schoolcraft, Dr. Henry R.: quotation from, 83 f.; reference to, 87. Schrader, Dr. Eberhard: cited, 103, 177 f., 234. Scotland: treading upon boundary lines in, 13; New Year’s threshold custom in, 20 f.; sacredness of threshold in, 34; lifting bride over threshold in, 44; crowning of kings of, 268. Scott, Robert. See _Liddell and Scott_. Scottish legend of burying of human being in walls of cathedral, 50. Sculpture: on lintel in Palestine, 70; palm cone in Assyrian, 231; pine cone in Assyrian, 257. Scutari, woman immured in walls of, 47 f. Sea Dyaks, marriage custom among, 34. Sea, Islands of: spring of life-giving waters in, 151; reverence for phallic emblems in, 230. Seashore as boundary, 178. Seaweed laid on threshold in Aberdeenshire, 20 f. Sedan-chair to convey bride to her husband’s home in China, 39 f. Seed-sowing, blood sprinkled at door at festival of, 20. Seed-time ceremony at threshold, 16. Segub, Jericho’s foundation laid in blood of, 47. Selden, John: cited, 140. _Senghi murad_, “stone of desire,” at Baveddeen, 125. Sentiment as origin of persistent popular customs, 36. Sephardeem, red hand among, 76. Septuagint, references to, 117, 207. Sepulcher, Holy, Church of, 221. Serpent: as guardian of thresholds in Babylon, 110 f.; on temple doorway kissed by worshipers, 116; as symbol of life, 233 f., 236; on boundary stone in Babylonian domains, 234; and phallus in Babylonian mythology, 235; representative of evil, 235; and Æsculapius, 236; with Hindoo deities, 236; and Medusa, 237; worship perversion of threshold covenant, 237; indicating desire, 238; curse resting on, 239; worship in Bangalore, 258 f. Servius, Maurus H.: cited, 29 f. Seti I., memorial stone of, 180. Shagarakti-Buriash, inscription of, 154. Shah of Persia entering Teheran, 189. Shaking hands across threshold cause of quarrel, 12. Shamash, sun-god: and his worshipers with uplifted hands, 80; gates open for his daily circuit, 105; reference to, 201. Shanghai, human sacrifice in, 48. Shaykhs kissing temple threshold near Nineveh, 116. Sheep, sacrifice of: on threshold for guest, in Syria, 3 f.; in Egypt, 3 f., 8; in Central Africa, 9, 27; east of Sea of Galilee, 11; in Ireland, 21; among Copts, 26, 45; among Armenian Christians, 27; at beginning of railroad at Jaffa, 57; to reconcile enemies in Arabia, 60. Sherrin, R.R.A.: cited, 107 f. Shields painted with red hand among American Indians, 87. Shih King, Chinese, on border sacrifices, 185. Shimenawa suspended above doors in Japan, 72 Shintō temples: modeled on primitive Japanese hut, 101; doorways apart from, 104; pilgrims at threshold of, 125; reference to, 201. Shintōism, sacred symbol of, suspended above door, 72. Shintu, tutelar gods of threshold in China, 95 f. Ship, horseshoe on mast of, 74. Shoes removed at threshold: of mosks, 123; of churches in Abyssinia, 130. Shoo King, Chinese, reference to, 158. Shooter, Joseph: cited, 28. Shores of sea as boundaries, 178. Shortland, Edward, quotation from, 93. Shrines: sacred doorways in front of, in China, Japan, Korea, 104; in Siam, India, 105; at doorway in Babylonia, in Assyria, 105; in Egypt, 106; of Kitzuki, of Isé, of Kikkō, threshold customs at, 125 f. Siam, doorways near temples in, 104. Sibree, James: cited, 38. Sicily, prominence of door in, 107. Sidon, consul at, reference to, 70. Sign of red hand. See _Red hand_. Silvanus, god of boundaries, 171, 173. Silver hand worn by children, 76. “Silver Threshold,” temple of, in Thebes, 127. Sin, Moon-god, references to, 80, 154. Sinai: Moses in wilderness of, 160 f.; peninsula of, boundary marks in, 179, 184. Sioux, red hand among, 87. Sippara, sanctity of doorway in, 108 f. _Sippu_, Assyrian word for threshold, 110 f., 209. _Sirim_, Hebrew for hinges, 253. Sitting on threshold not allowed in Russia, 12. Siva: hand as symbol of, 78, 198; temple of, at Thâvesar, 157; crowned with serpent, 236. Skarpanto, threshold custom in, 31. Skeat, Rev. Walter W.: cited, 265. Skertchley, J.A.: cited, 245. Skins stamped with red hand among American Indians, 83. Slave, Hebrew, adoption of, as member of family, 210. Slavic: custom of covenanting, 42; citadel made firm by immuring child in walls, 50; peoples, “Death Week” among, 19. Smith, Dr. William: cited, 7, 73, 134, 172 f., 236 f., 263. See, also, _Smith and Cheetham_. Smith, W. Robertson: quotation from, 59 f.; cited, 209, 214, 231 f. Smith, George: cited, 109. Smith and Cheetham: cited, 222. Snakes. See _Serpents_. Sneezing on threshold unpropitious, 11. Sneferu in Sinaitic Peninsula, 178 f. Snell, Rev. A., reference to, 140. Sodom: reference to king of, 82; angels welcomed in, 211. Soko at Tangier, reference to, 52. Somali tribes, sacrifice at threshold among, 27. Somnauth, idol in temple of, shattered and placed under threshold, 123. Sophocles: cited, 133. Sorcery, prominence of threshold in, 17 f. Sources of rivers as boundaries, 178. South America: doorways smeared with blood in, 73; earliest form of temple in, 144; reverence for phallic emblems in, 230; serpent as religious symbol in, 235. South Sea Islands, temples of, 148. Sovereigns in ancient East represented by uplifted hand, 79 f. Spain, reverence for phallic emblems in, 230. Spanish Jews, significance of red hand among, 76. Spectator, The, reference to, 19. Spencer, Herbert, references to, 21, 98. Spiritual forces, conception of, characteristic of man, 223. Spitting on threshold unpropitious, 11. Spivak, Dr.: cited, 93. Sprenger, A: cited, 164, 200. Squier, Hon. E.G.: cited, 230, 235. Stade, Dr. Bernard: cited, 214, 255. Stamboul, sacrifice on threshold of house spared in great fire in, 66 f. Stanitsas, or land divisions among Cossacks, 175 f. Stanley, Henry M.: cited, 86, 174, 182. Stanley, Dean: cited, 222, 268 f. States or nations, boundaries of, 177. Statues in foundations in Rome, 55 f. Stele: memorial of dead inscribed on, 106; monumental, origin of, 107; containing sculptured image of Assyrian king, 115; set up on boundary line, 177; as doorways, 178. Stengel’s _Die griech. Sac._, reference to, 172. Stenin, P. von: cited, 249. Stephens, John L.: cited, 82-84, 146. Stepped pyramid: temples with altar or shrine at summit, 111; in Jacob’s dream at Bethel, 112; of Meydoom in Egypt, 126 f.; reference to, 144; as place of worship, 148. Stepping over: blood on threshold, 4 f., 26, 45 f.; salt on threshold, 5; threshold to insure protection of guardian deity, 12; girdle in marriage among Greeks, 30; threshold, a bride having care to, 36; threshold to prove innocence from crime among Hindoos, 121 f. Stillborn children buried under threshold in Russia, 18. _Stoicheionein_, Greek term for foundation ceremony, 53 f. Stone: sacrificial, laid on summit of Mexican temple, 56; posts most ancient remains of primitive man’s handiwork, 102; pillars marking boundaries of states or nations, 177; upright, significance of, 258. “Stone, Coronation,” in Westminster Abbey, 268. “Stone of desire” at Baveddeen, 125. Stove, Russian household deity located near, 23. Strack, Dr. H.L.: cited, 20, 46, 93. Straw cure for disorder in North Germany, 18. Strean, Dr., quotation from, 21. Stuart, Villiers: cited, 179. “Sublime Porte:” high court of Turkey called, 65; meaning of, 103. Suez Canal, reference to, 180. Sultan: justice administered at gate by, 65; as spiritual father of faithful Muhammadans, 103. Sultan Muhammad II., bloody hand of, stamped on mosk, 77. Sun disk, winged, over doors of temples in Egypt, 127. Sun-god Shamash: and his worshipers with uplifted hands, 80 f.; gates open to allow of daily circuits of, 105. Sun-orb, winged, with serpent, 234. Sunday School Times, The, references to, 260 f. Survivals of threshold covenant in America and Europe, 3, 8, 13, 221. Susa, king rendering justice at palace gate of, 60. Swedish tradition of burial of lamb under altar, 56. Symbol: of feminine in nature, tree or bush, 214; misusing, results of, 229; of evil in religions of Babylonia, Egypt, India, Phenicia, Greece, Mexico, and Peru, 235; of virginity, 243 f. Symbols: buried under foundation-stone, 109; and legends concerning boundary lines, 171 f. Syria: sacrifices on threshold in, 3-5; treading on threshold in, 10; reference to, 11; stepping over sacrifice at threshold in, 26; bride carried across threshold in, 38, 45; name for sign of hand among Christians in, 77; kissing threshold in, 129; nuptial customs of, 196, 246; marriage certificate in, 245; sacredness of threshold, 259 f. Syrian: derwishes, threshold custom of, 10; officer’s welcome at threshold, 11; testimony of native, 59.

Tablets, ancestral, of China, 108. Tahiti, primitive threshold in, 250. Tai Shan, reference to, 158. Talisman, open hand as, in Europe, Africa, and America, 79. Tallquist’s rendering of Assyrian word, 83. Talmud: Jewish, references to, 93, 200, 208, 210 f., 239; Babylonian, references to, 211, 253. Tammuz of Syria, reference to, 115. Tangier, reference to, 62. Tañoans, reference to, 88. Targum, reference to, 117. Tatars: treading on threshold among, 13; importance of threshold among, 39. Teheran, Shah of Persia entering, 189. Tell el-Hesy, ram’s horn on doorway in, 58. Tello, sanctity of doorway in, 108 f. Temple: waters of life flowing from under threshold of, 114; doorway oldest form of, in Egypt, 126; at Carthage, prominence of threshold in, 130; in Greece, 134; earliest form of, in Mexico, Central and South America, 144; building in Babylonia, 153; of Thor, in Iceland, 160; at Jerusalem, site of, 161; earliest forms of, 229. Temples: preceded by houses, 3; images under threshold of, 14; as dwelling for deity, 99; called “great house of the village” in Samoa, 101; in form of stepped pyramid in Babylonia, Mesopotamia, Egypt, Mexico, Central America, Peru, and South Sea Islands, 111; in Jacob’s dream, 112; in Carthage, 130; Egyptian, history of, 155; as boundaries, 178. Temptation, first, and symbol of tree and serpent, 237. Tennasserin, survival of foundation-laying in blood in, 51 f. Tent: fire at entrance of, 22 f.; laying hold of, as appeal for hospitality in East, 57; stamped with red hand among American Indians, 83. “Teraphim” connected with threshold, 109. Terence: cited, 30. Terminalia, festival of, 173. Terminus: god, represented by pillar, 171-173. Tertullian: his warning against deities at doors and gates, 97 f. Teutonic thresholds made high, 12. Thang, emperor of China, 157. Thapsacus, equivalent of Tiphsakh, 210. Thâvesar, temple of Siva at, 157. Theban rite, kissing ground at threshold of shrine in, 128. Thebes: temple of “Silver Threshold” at, 127; symbols on temples of ancient, 234. Theocritus: cited, 73. Theseus setting up pillar, 180 f. Thief and robber, reference to word, 260. Thieving goldsmith struck dead at threshold, 122. Thomson, Dr. W.M.: cited, 70, 222. Thompson, President Robert Ellis: cited, 176. Thor, temple of, in Iceland, 160. Thorolf, reference to, 160. Thousand and One Nights, reference to, 248. Thuringian legend of burying child in foundation, 49. _Thyra_, a translation of _saph_, 207. Tiamat, reference to, 235. Tiba, female god of Maui, 150. Tibet: disemboweling of devotee in, 125; Booddhist prayer in, 199. Tiglath-Pileser I. and boundary lines, 177. Tigris, sources of, boundary marks at, 178. Tiki, descendant of Rongo, 152. Times, The, London, reference to, 61 f. Timsah, Lake, reference to, 180. _Tiphsakh_, meaning of, 210. Tokens: covenant, 66-74; of virginity, 243 f. Tomb: false door of, in Old Empire of Egypt, 106 f.; of kings of Persia, inscription relating to sacredness of gate in, 124; of Alee, kissing threshold of, 124; of Baha-ed-deen Nakishbend, threshold stone of, 124 f.; closed door in, representing deceased going to Osiris, 128. Torch, marriage, origin of, 226. Touching name of God with finger by Jews, 69 f. Towkas, marriage custom at threshold among, 35. Treading on threshold forbidden: in Persia, Russia, Finland, United States, and among Teutons, 11 f.; in Europe and America, 13; tabooed by Tatars, 13. Tree: human sacrifices at foot of, 8 f.; pipal, in Upper India, 156; a boundary landmark in primitive times, 173 f.; symbol of feminine in nature, 214, 230, 238; and pillar, symbolism of, 232; references to, 237, 259. “Tree of Knowledge,” reference to, 156. Trees, sacred: near doorways in China, Japan, Korea, Siam, and India, 104, 156; grove of, in religious symbolisms, 230. Tricha, bridge of, story of sacrifice in building of, 52. Tristram, H.B.: cited, 260. Trumbull, H. Clay: cited, 3-5, 57, 123, 180, 226, 244. _Tseereem_, Hebrew word for hinges, 253. Tunis: bloody hand on walls in, 78 f.; symbol of open hand on graves near, 79; Jewish custom in, on receiving praise, 79. Turkestan, threshold stone at tomb of national saint of, 125. Turkey, sacrifice of, in Ireland, 21. Turkey: blood on threshold in marriage in, 26; marriage custom among Greeks in, 30; high court of, at palace door, 65; banners and prayer-rugs inscribed with open hand in, 78. Turkish building at Columbian Exposition, sacrifices at foundation of, 57. Turner, Dr. George: cited, 13, 20, 101, 174, 251 f. Tuscany: threshold in folk customs in, 17 f.; exorcism with incense in, 18; burning incense on threshold in, 42. Tutelary deity, every building in Egypt placed under protection of, 96 f. Tylor, Dr. E.B.: cited, 46, 49, 51 f., 231.

Uganda, charms on threshold and door in, 15. Unchastity atoned for by sprinkling blood on threshold among Dyaks, 20. _Ungere_, Latin for “to anoint,29 #$2#. United States: “Christening” a ship in, 8; high thresholds in houses of, 12; stepping over cracks in pavements in, 13; Bible and salt carried over threshold in, 21; lifting bride over threshold in, 44; situation of front door in, 55; foundation sacrifice in, 57; horseshoes on door-posts in, 73 f.; survivals of primal sacredness of threshold in, 147 f.; boundary marks in, 182; sacredness of threshold among Scandinavians of, 259. Unleavened bread, feast of, 216. _Unxor_, meaning of Latin word, 29. Uplifted hand: in Carthage, 78; in Tunis, 78 f.; represented among deities of Babylonia, Assyria, Phenicia, and Egypt, 79 f.; in seal of Ur-Gur, earliest ruler of “Ur of the Chaldees,” 80; gods Sin, Shamash, and Asshur, with, 80; Babylonian king recognized by, 80; Amenophis IV. before Aten-ra with, 81; Abraham with, 82; Psalmist’s reference to, 82; Isaiah’s reference to God’s, 82; Assyrian and Hebrew words for swearing by, 83; in judicial oath, 83; found on stepped pyramid temples of Polynesia, 83; power imparted to Egyptian king by touch of, 85; in South Sea Islands, 148. Uplifted threshold, 144. Upsal, wedding customs in old temple of, 140. “Ur of the Chaldees:” uplifted hand in seal of earliest ruler of, 80; temple at, 153; Abraham at, 160. Ur-Gur, with uplifted hands before moon-god Sin, 80. Usurtasen III., King: cited, 179. _Uxor_, meaning of Latin word, 29.