Part 19

Cairo: Arab sitting in judgment at gate of, 60; protecting genius of different quarters of, 96 f. Calling on name of God at threshold, 29. Calpë and Abyla as boundary marks, 181. Cam, Diego, discoverer of Congo River, 182. Campbell, John: cited, 39. Canaan: gateway between Egypt and, 105; Israelites entering into, 211; people of, treatment of, 232. Candle on threshold in Russia, 41-44. Candlestick, five branched, similar to sign of hand, 77. Cão, Diego, reference to, 182. Cardea, Hinge-goddess of Romans, 97. Carlyle, Thomas: cited, 183. Carpathos. See _Skarpanto_. Carthage: uplifted hand above door in, 78; prominence of door in, 107; prominence of temple threshold in, 130. Cassotis spring, reference to, 135. Catholic Church, Roman: holy water in, 147; on marriage, 222. Catlin, George: quotation from, and reference to, 86. Cave, fire at entrance of, 23. Central America: threshold custom in, 34; blood smeared on doorways in, 72; red hand stamped on doorways and walls in, 81 f.; “the god of houses” in, 98; sacrifice of boys in, 145. Ceremony: wedding threshold in North Germany, 18; of laying threshold in India, 95. Ceylon, Adam settling in, 164. Chahalka, “the god of houses,” in Central America, 98. Chamberlain, Basil Hall: cited, 101, 104. Chambers’s Journal, reference to, 175. Charans, appeal at threshold for justice among, 61. Chardin, Sir John: cited, 124. Charms: on threshold and door in Uganda, 15; under door-step in Russia, 19; fastened above door in China, 71; on doors and door-posts in China, 71, 95; worn in Jerusalem, 75 f. Chase, W.G., quotation from, 51. Chateaubraud, Viscount de: cited, 147. Chaucer, Geoffrey, quotation from, 139. Cheetham, Samuel. See _Smith and Cheetham_. Chelly canyon, red-hand symbol in, 87. Cheyennes, red hand among, 87. Chicago, Columbian Exposition at, reference to, 57. Chief rabbi, in Jerusalem, sacrifice at threshold in installing, 67. Child: held over threshold after baptism, 18 f.; buried in ramparts of Copenhagen, 49; buried under citadel of Dyetinets, 50; adopted into family by clasping hands in Babylonia, 80; striking, on birthday, 176. Children: custom of, relative to boundary lines, 13; buried under threshold in Russia, 18; buried in foundations, 49 f.; sacrifice of, in Central America, 145. China: body to be removed over wall, 23; fire on threshold in marriage in, 39; bride worshiping at altar-fire in, 41; human sacrifice to make sure foundations in, 48; coins and charms under door-sill in, 71; sacred inscriptions on side-posts and lintel in, 71; tutelar gods of threshold in, 95 f.; temple and house in architecture, 101; doorways apart from temples in, 104; sacredness of temple in, 158; nuptial customs of, 196; phallic emblems in, 230; marriage customs in, 245. Chinese: custom of avoiding threshold, 23 f.; native clergyman, testimony of, 48; year, festival of fifth month of, 71; junk, sacrifice on bow of, 71 f.; honorary portals and ancestral tablets, 108; classics, most ancient of, 185; emperor passing boundary line of empire, 185; characters for threshold, door, border, and woman, 256. “Chinese gods of the threshold,” 96. Chipiez, Charles. See _Perrot and Chipiez_. “Christ, spouse of,” 222. “Christening” ship, custom of, 8. Christian: lands, niches for heroes in, survival primitive doorway in tomb in, 108; passover, reference to, 216. Christian churches: of Europe, burials under altar of, 25; tradition of burial of lamb under altar of, 56; symbol of horseshoe at threshold of, 74. Christian Fathers, reference to, 97. Christians: inscribed gates of, in East, 70; in Syria, sign of hand among, 76 f.; warned not to dishonor their gates with laurel crowns, 97; admonished not to make their gates heathen temples, 98; kissing threshold of church in Persia, 124. Church House in Philadelphia, reference to, 55. Church of England bishops replying to Presbyterians on position of baptismal font, 137. Churches always on hill or in grove in Abyssinia, 130 f. Cicero, hearth-fire and Penates in time of, 41. Cimon, gate of, in Propylæa, 159. Circumcision as practiced in Madagascar, 149. Cities of refuge: Hebrew law as to, 151; in Hawaii, 151. Clapping of hands at threshold in Japan, 126. Classic writers: their explanation of threshold custom, 39. “Cleansing the threshold” at wedding in Russia, 32. Clement of Alexandria, reference to, 239. Clothing stamped with red hand, 87. Coal under threshold among Magyars, 19 f. Cock sacrificed: in Ireland, 21; at foundation in Russia, 54 f. Cockle, Montague, reference to, 233. Coffee as Muhammadan substitute for blood, 5. Columbian Exposition, reference to, 57. Com, tomb of kings of Persia at, 124. Comanches: prominence of red hand among, 87; reference to, 88. Communion feasts, origin of, 226. Concord, beating bounds in, 176. Conder, Maj. C.R.: quotation from, 10, 28 f.: cited, 123. Confucius, reference to, 256 f. Confucian temple, doorways apart from, 104. Congo River, boundary pillar erected in mouth of, 182. Constantinople, red hand stamp in, 77. Contemporary Review, reference to, 229. Convent, trace of foundation sacrifice in rebuilding, 56. Cook, Capt. James: cited, 202; quotation from, 250 f. Coote, H.C.: cited, 50, 55 f. Copenhagen, immuring of child in ramparts of, 49. Copts, sacrifice of sheep at threshold among, 26, 45. Coral hand as talisman among Jews at Tunis, 79. Cord stretched across door to prevent bridal couple entering, 33 f. Corn: and water used in threshold ceremony, 16 f.; mixed with milk and sugar as offering, 17; thrown on bride at threshold in Rhodes, 31. Corner-stone: laying as survival of primitive sacredness, 22; recognized as beginning or limit of threshold of Babylonian buildings, 22; ceremonies in civilized lands, 55; laying of, in America, 55, 147. Cornhill Magazine, reference to, 48-50, 56. Corinthian Christians, Paul to, 216. Corpse: not to cross threshold in India, China, and Italy, 23 f., in Alaska, 24; passed out under threshold in Russia, 24. Correspondences of legends of Babylonia, Syria, Egypt and Greece as to door and threshold, 115. Cossacks, disputes over boundary lines among, 175. Cotton seeds thrown on bride at threshold in Rhodes, 31. Coulanges, Numa D.F. de: cited, 41, 99, 156. Covenant: through blood in Egypt, 3; Syria, 3-5; symbolized by uplifted hand, 81; sacrifice at threshold with God of life, 94; worship place of, 165. Covenanting: by crossing threshold, 5-10; by stepping over blood on door-sill, 9. Cow: gift from sacred, in India, 16; driven over iron bar on threshold, 17; sacrifice of, in Ireland, 21. Cowdung cake at seed-time in India, 16. Cranch, C.P., quotation from, 130. Croix, de la, J.F., reference to, 124. Cross: sign of, in curing disorder, 18; drawn on threshold to keep off hags, 18; under threshold of new house in Lithuania, 18. Crowbar at threshold, 17. _Crux ansata_ or _ankh_, 201. Cunningham, Alexander: reference to, 156 f. Curse: for removing threshold altar, 169 f.; for removal of neighbor’s landmark, 170. Curtea de Argest, superstition regarding sacrifice at building of, 52. Curtin, Jeremiah: cited, 142 f. Cushing, Frank H., communication from, 86-93. Cyprus: fowl sacrificed at door in, 27; prominence of door in, 107. Cyrus, reference to, 154.

Dacotahs, symbol of hand among, 84. Dagon, his overthrow, 116 f. Dahabiyeh, threshold custom on purchasing, 8. Dahomey, nuptial customs of, 245. Dalmatia, kissing threshold in, 31. Damascus, Hajj procession approaching, 186. Dances of American Indians, prominence of hand in, 83 f. Dancing custom in Central America, 247. Danes: immuring of girl in city walls among, 49; lamb buried under every altar of, 56. Daniel in gate of king, 64. Darfour, marriage ceremonies in, 249. Darmesteter, James: cited, 58; reference to, 99. David: sitting in gate, 64; erecting altar to Lord, 161. De Amicis, Edmondo: cited, 77. De Coulanges, Numa D.F. de: cited, 41, 156; reference to, 99. De Hesse-Wartegg, Chevalier: cited, 79. Dead: not to cross threshold in India, China, 23 f., Korea, Russia, Italy, Alaska, 24; taken over wall in China, 23 f.; taken under threshold in Russia, 24; prayers for, inscribed on false door of tombs of Egypt, 106. “Dead, Book of the,” references to, 128 f., 257. “Dead, Gate of the,” in Korea, 24. Death following building of new house, 54. “Death Week” among Slavonic peoples, 19. Dedications on doorways by primitive peoples, 69. Deer carried over threshold in betrothal in Central America, 34. Deity: appeal to, in East, 3 f.; of ancient Egypt with uplifted hands, 81; of threshold, reference to, 109; of gates of Hades, 113. Delhi and serpent, 236. Delitzsch, Franz, reference to, 254. Delitzsch, Friedrich, reference to, 100. Delphi: treasures of, described, 133; Neoptolemus attacking Orestes in, 134; temple of Apollo at, 134 f.; Apollo at, represented by female oracle, 236. Deluge: reference to, 103; destruction of Holy House in, 163. Detinetz, burial in foundations in, 50. Development and origin of man, 223. D’Herbelot, quotation from, 10 f. _Diabateria_, meaning of, 208. Dido, Queen, Æneas at court of, 130. Dieulafoy, M.: cited, 60. “Digging through” in New Testament, 260. Dillmann, Christian F.A., reference to, 254. _Ditya_, reference to, 50. Dives, Lazarus at gate of, 64. Divination and exorcism in Italy, 17. Documents signed in blood or ink, 94. Domestic divinities, protection from, in Lithuania, 18 f. “Domovoi:” household deity of Russia, sacrifice for, 19; invoked at threshold, 23. Donaldson, T., reference to, 86. Donaldson, T.L., references to, 121, 134, 231. Donatus: cited, 29 f. Doolittle, Rev. Justus: cited, 71. Door: animal sacrifices at house-door in Egypt, 3, 7, 8, 9, 14, 15, among Pythagoreans, 12 f., among Slavonic peoples, 19, among Dyaks of Borneo, 20, in Ireland, 21, among Arabs, 22 f., in Syria, 26, 45, in Turkey, Cyprus, and Central Africa, 27, in Egypt, 45, all over world, 46, in Greece, 53, in Russia, 54, in Arabia, 58-60, in Morocco, 63, 67, in Turkey, 66 f., in Jerusalem, 67, in China, 72, in Palestine, 76, in tabernacle in Wilderness, 118 f., in South Sea Islands, 148; blood welcome at, in Syria and Egypt, 3-10, Central Africa, 8 f., West Africa, 9, Egypt, 7, 205; charms placed at, in Uganda, 15, in Russia, 19, in China, 71, in Jerusalem, 75 f.; dead not to pass out of, 23-25; human sacrifice at, in Central Africa, 8 f., references to, 46-48, 51 f., 144 f., in China and Algiers, 48, in Denmark and Thuringia, 49, on Danube and in Alaska, 49 f., in Bremen, Scotland, and Ireland, 50, in Arta, Tricha, and Wallachia, 52, in Turkey, 52 f., in India, 61, 122 f., in Tibet, 125, in Central America, 145 f.; kissing right hand at, 69 f., 144, serpent at, in Yezidis temple, 116, of holy places, 116, at mosk in Persia, 123 f., at tomb of Alee, 124; sacredness of, 10-25, 102, 174, 260, in Persia, 12, 123 f., references to, 25-36, among Nestorians, 124, among Scandinavians in America, 259 f., in Bible times, 261; stepping over blood at, in Syria and Egypt, 4 f., 7 f., 26, 45 f., in West Africa, 9, in marriage in Cyprus, 27, among Armenians, 27, in Central Africa, 28; reference to, 254, 256. Door-key, finger-shaped, symbolic use of, 244. Dörpfeld, Dr., reference to, 159. Dough: on door-lintel in Upper Syria, 28 f.; under threshold among Moksha, 42. Douglas, Robert K.: cited, 40; reference to, 105. Dozy, Reinhart, reference to, 200. Dragon representing unholy desire, 240. Du Bois, Abbé J.A.: cited, 23. Dumuzi and Ishtar, legend of, 113, 115. Dwelling-place, man’s first, 165. Dyaks of Borneo: blood sprinkled at door among, 20; marriage custom among, 34. _Dyetina_, reference to, 50. Dyetinets, burial in foundations in, 50. Dying person passed through hole in wall in Alaska, 24.

Ea, god of right side of gate, 95. Early churches, position of altar in, 136. Easter: continuance of Passover, 221; festivities in Jerusalem, 221; threshold of new Ecclesiastical Year, 221. Ebed-melech: his appeal in behalf of Jeremiah, 64. Edersheim, Dr. Alfred, references to, 120, 211 f. Edward I., marriage of, at door, 140. Eggs under threshold in Russia, 19. Egypt: blood welcome at door in, 3; sacrifice of buffaloes in, 7; threshold sacrifice of sheep in, 7 f.; sacrifice at threshold in, 26; bride met at gate of husband’s residence in, 38; door at one side of dwelling in, 55; its influence shown in architecture of doorways, 60; inscribed doors in, 68, 96; uplifted hand in representing deities of, 79, 81, 85; God bringing out of, with strong hand, 83; and Canaan, gateway between, 105; prominence of doorway shrine in, 106; false door as gift in, 107; literature of, 109; oldest temple in, 126; sacredness of doorway in, 126; saints’ tomb as place of worship in, 129; temples of, 145; concerning temple foundations of, 155; boundary customs among, 178; ancient stone thresholds in, 179; Lower, boundary of, 180; southern boundary of, 184; nuptial customs of, 196; ancient deities of, 201; presence of deity in, 201; Virgin of Israel in, 218; reverence for phallic emblems in, 230; kings of, and serpent, 234; and serpent as symbol, 235; bloody cloth in marriage in Upper, 243; marriage customs in, 243, 245. Egyptian: sacrifice before door, 14; king, power imparted to, by touch, 85; hieroglyph for house or temple identical, 100; temple, oldest form of, 100, monumental temple gateway, 127, history of, 155; priest, prostrations of, at threshold of shrine, 127 f.; idea of future life, 128; “Book of the Dead,” 128 f., 257; empire and Heh, boundary marks between, 179; sacrifices at boundaries of empire, 184; twofold sex symbols, 200; attitude towards Jehovah, 205; passover rite, 212, 214, 216. Eki as boundary mark, 178. _El Gisr_ or threshold, 180. Eleusis, temple of Artemis Propylæa at, 134. Eliezer, Rabbi, references to, 200, 253. Elisha and Naaman, Syrian, 161. Elliot, Sir Henry M.: cited, 16 f. Ellis, Rev. William: cited, 83, 111, 148, 150 f., 202. _Embatikon_, gift of in-going, 31. Embleton, wedding custom at, 142. Emerson, Ralph Waldo: cited, 176. Enemy, appeal of, for protection among Arabs, 59. Entering “not by door,” 6. Entrance-way, importance of, 3. Episcopal, Protestant, churches, location of baptismal font in, 147. Epithalamium of Hebrew Scriptures, 214. Erman, Adolf: cited, 55, 100, 103, 106, 127, 234; quotation from, 106 f., 155; reference to, 128. Erzas: marriage custom of, 41; earth from under threshold for bride, 43. Esarhaddon, his search for boundary lines, 154, 177. Eskimos, importance of threshold among, 39. Eulmash, ancient Babylonian temple, 153. Eulbar, ancient Babylonian temple, 153. Euphrates, boundary marks at, 178. Euripides: cited, 134 f. Europe: treading on threshold in, 13; burials under altar in Christian churches in, 25; coffin passed out window of house in, 25; window opened and door closed at death in, 25; horseshoes on side-posts in, 73 f.; symbols of open hand found in museums and Jewish cemeteries of, 79; hand-print in marriage in, 93; traces of primitive sacredness of doorway found in, 122; ancient shrines in, 150; boundary lines in, 174; great divisions of landmarks along borders of, 182; nuptial customs of, 196; Jews of, observing passover, 212. Evil eye: references to, 19, 67; averted by bloody hand, 67 f.; by five fingers held up to, 76; image of hand as talisman against, 79. Evil spirits in Pennsylvania, guard against, 21. Ewing, Rev. William: testimony of, 45, 261; cited, 77. “Exalted Gateway,” high court of Turkey called, 65, 103. Exalted House, Gate, or Door, meaning of Pharaoh, 103. Exorcism and divination in Italy, 17 f. Eye, evil. See _Evil eye_. Ezekiel: his reference to waters from under threshold of temple, 114; his prophecy that Prince of Israel should worship at threshold of gate, 118; his vision of glory of Lord over threshold, 118; Jehovah speaking through, 213. Ezida (Nebo) shrine of, 110.

“Fahazza” in Madagascar, 149. False door: of tombs in ancient Egypt, 106 f.; as gift from sovereign to subject in Egypt, 107. Family: altar and sacrifices for, in primitive times, 3; offering itself for sacrifice in Central Africa, 8 f.; life, beginning of, in threshold rite, 194. Fathers, Christian, reference to, 93. Feast after sacrifice: 4, 7; at beginning of spring among Slavonic peoples, 19; of “hand-striking” at betrothal, 32 f. Fecundity, lotus flower symbol of, 257. Fellaheen threshold custom in Palestine, 29. Fellows, Sir Charles: cited, 121. Feminine in nature, symbol of, 214, 230, 258. Fergusson, Dr. James: references to, 103-105, 107, 231, 235-237. “Festival, Harvest,” among Indians of lower Mississippi, 147. “Festival of New Fire,” 147. _Ficus religiosa_, reference to, 259. Fielde, Adele M.: cited, 40, 71. Fig: in religious symbolisms, 230; tree representing female, 258. Figures of speech, Oriental, obscured by literalism of Western mind, 238. Finger-shaped door-key used in wedding ceremony, 244. Finland: shaking hands across threshold in, 12; high thresholds in, 12; threshold as altar in, 32; clergyman to step over threshold in, 143. Finmac-Coole, print of hand of, 81. Finn, James: cited, 67. Fire: and salt on threshold, 21; at entrance to cave or tent, in primitive times, 22 f.; on threshold altar in China, 39; and blood, significance of, 40; reference to, 41 f.; references to, 54-56, 158; masculine symbol, 198; production of sacred, 198; doorway, origin of, 226; as gift of God, 227. Fire-altar: center of public worship, 99; in Persia, 100, in India, 102; of family developed into that of community, 101; origin of, 226. First-fruits of grain-field offered at threshold, 16 f. Five: fingers held before evil eye, 76, extended on receiving praise, 79; pronouncing word, in response to praise, 79. Flaming torch in Roman marriage ceremonies, 41. Flesh: of sacrificed animal distributed, 4; and blood symbolized by bread and salt, 9. “Floor of the door” held sacred in Abyssinia, 131. Folk-Lore, London, references to, 8, 40, 42-44. Folk-Lore Journal, reference to, 221. Folk-Lore Journal, London, references to, 21, 27 f., 34, 50, 56, 196. Folk-Lore Record, London, reference to, 38. Foot: against threshold, “unlucky” to strike, 12 f.; importance placed on use of right, 36-38. Forculus, door-god of Romans, 97. Forlong, Gen. J.G.R.: references to, 230, 237. “Fornication,” idolatry called, 213. “Foundation:” and “threshold” interchangeable terms, 21 f.; references to, 47, 50, 53, 158; laying in blood in Galam, 51 f.; sacrifice in Algiers, 48, among Vlachs in Turkey, 52 f.; in Archangel, 54; in inscriptions of Nebuchadrezzar II., 109 f.; or Papa, 152. Foundation-stone as threshold of building, 46. Fountain of life sought for, 148. Fowl: sacrificed at door, 4, 9, 21, 27, 45, 54 f.; sacrificed at foundation-laying in Greece, 53, in Bulgaria, 54; sacrificed on Chinese junk starting on long voyage, 71 f. Foxes, tribe of, red hand among, 87. France: marriages in ancient times in, 139; Marguerite of, married to Edward I. at door in, 140; reverence for phallic emblems in, 230. Frazer, J.G.: references to, 5, 93, 209, 230; cited, 147, 221. Freytag, G.W., reference to, 244. Friend of bridegroom: gifts made at threshold by, in Russia, 32; among Albanians, 37 f. Frog under threshold among Magyars, 19 f. Frothingham, Prof. A.L., Jr., testimony of, 24. Fruit: presented to bride at threshold in Dalmatia, 31; in Bible narrative, 238. Fuerst, Julius: cited, 244. Funeral: salt on threshold in Japan after, 20; coffin passed out window at, in Europe and America, 25.