Chapter 2

THE PRACTICE OF PERSPECTIVE: IX. The Square in Parallel Perspective 42 X. The Diagonal 43 XI. The Square 43 XII. Geometrical and Perspective Figures Contrasted 46 XIII. Of Certain Terms made use of in Perspective 48 XIV. How to Measure Vanishing or Receding Lines 49 XV. How to Place Squares in Given Positions 50 XVI. How to Draw Pavements, &c. 51 XVII. Of Squares placed Vertically and at Different Heights, or the Cube in Parallel Perspective 53 XVIII. The Transposed Distance 53 XIX. The Front View of the Square and of the Proportions of Figures at Different Heights 54 XX. Of Pictures that are Painted according to the Position they are to Occupy 59 XXI. Interiors 62 XXII. The Square at an Angle of 45 deg 64 XXIII. The Cube at an Angle of 45 deg 65 XXIV. Pavements Drawn by Means of Squares at 45 deg 66 XXV. The Perspective Vanishing Scale 68 XXVI. The Vanishing Scale can be Drawn to any Point on the Horizon 69 XXVII. Application of Vanishing Scales to Drawing Figures 71 XXVIII. How to Determine the Heights of Figures on a Level Plane 71 XXIX. The Horizon above the Figures 72 XXX. Landscape Perspective 74 XXXI. Figures of Different Heights. The Chessboard 74 XXXII. Application of the Vanishing Scale to Drawing Figures at an Angle when their Vanishing Points are Inaccessible or Outside the Picture 77 XXXIII. The Reduced Distance. How to Proceed when the Point of Distance is Inaccessible 77 XXXIV. How to Draw a Long Passage or Cloister by Means of the Reduced Distance 78 XXXV. How to Form a Vanishing Scale that shall give the Height, Depth, and Distance of any Object in the Picture 79 XXXVI. Measuring Scale on Ground 81 XXXVII. Application of the Reduced Distance and the Vanishing Scale to Drawing a Lighthouse, &c. 84 XXXVIII. How to Measure Long Distances such as a Mile or Upwards 85 XXXIX. Further Illustration of Long Distances and Extended Views. 87 XL. How to Ascertain the Relative Heights of Figures on an Inclined Plane 88 XLI. How to Find the Distance of a Given Figure or Point from the Base Line 89 XLII. How to Measure the Height of Figures on Uneven Ground 90 XLIII. Further Illustration of the Size of Figures at Different Distances and on Uneven Ground 91 XLIV. Figures on a Descending Plane 92 XLV. Further Illustration of the Descending Plane 95 XLVI. Further Illustration of Uneven Ground 95 XLVII. The Picture Standing on the Ground 96 XLVIII. The Picture on a Height 97