Chapter 10
INTRODUCTION 281
MACHINES AND IMPLEMENTS 283
HOISTING MACHINES 285
THE ELEMENTS OF MOTION 290
ENGINES FOR RAISING WATER 293
WATER WHEELS AND WATER MILLS 294
THE WATER SCREW 295
THE PUMP OF CTESIBIUS 297
THE WATER ORGAN 299
THE HODOMETER 301
CATAPULTS OR SCORPIONES 303
BALLISTAE 305
THE STRINGING AND TUNING OF CATAPULTS 308
SIEGE MACHINES 309
THE TORTOISE 311
HEGETOR'S TORTOISE 312
MEASURES OF DEFENCE 315
NOTE ON SCAMILLI IMPARES 320
INDEX 321
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
CARYATIDES FROM TREASURY OF CNIDIANS, DELPHI 6
CARYATIDES OF ERECHTHEUM, ATHENS 6
CARYATID IN VILLA ALBANI, ROME 6
CARYATIDES 7
PERSIANS 9
CONSTRUCTION OF CITY WALLS 23
TOWER OF THE WINDS, ATHENS 26
DIAGRAM OF THE WINDS 29
DIAGRAM OF DIRECTIONS OF STREETS 30
VITRUVIUS' BRICK-BOND 44
TRAVERTINE QUARRIES, ROMAN CAMPAGNA 49
EXAMPLE OF OPUS INCERTUM, CIRCULAR TEMPLE, TIVOLI 51
OPUS RETICULATUM, THERMAE OF HADRIAN'S VILLA, TIVOLI 52
EXAMPLE OF OPUS RETICULATUM, DOORWAY OF STOA POECILE, HADRIAN'S VILLA 52
MAUSOLEUM AT HALICARNASSUS, RESTORED 54
CLASSIFICATION OF TEMPLES ACCORDING TO ARRANGEMENTS OF COLONNADES 76
HYPAETHRAL TEMPLE OF VITRUVIUS COMPARED WITH PARTHENON AND TEMPLE OF APOLLO NEAR MILETUS 77
CLASSIFICATION OF TEMPLES ACCORDING TO INTERCOLUMNIATION 79
EUSTYLE TEMPLE OF VITRUVIUS COMPARED WITH TEMPLE OF TEOS 81
VITRUVIUS' RULES FOR DIAMETER AND HEIGHT OF COLUMNS COMPARED WITH ACTUAL EXAMPLES 83
DIMINUTION OF COLUMNS IN RELATION TO DIMENSIONS OF HEIGHT 85
ENTASIS OF COLUMNS 87
FRA GIOCONDO'S IDEA OF "SCAMILLI IMPARES" 89
IONIC ORDER ACCORDING TO VITRUVIUS COMPARED WITH ORDER OF MAUSOLEUM AT HALICARNASSUS 91
COMPARISON OF IONIC ORDER ACCORDING TO VITRUVIUS WITH ACTUAL EXAMPLES AND WITH VIGNOLA'S ORDER 95
BASILICA AT POMPEII 104
CORINTHIAN CAPITAL OF VITRUVIUS COMPARED WITH MONUMENTS 105
VITRUVIUS' DORIC ORDER COMPARED WITH TEMPLE AT CORI AND THEATRE OF MARCELLUS 111
VITRUVIUS' TEMPLE PLAN COMPARED WITH ACTUAL EXAMPLES 115
VITRUVIUS' RULE FOR DOORWAYS COMPARED WITH TWO EXAMPLES 119
TUSCAN TEMPLE ACCORDING TO VITRUVIUS 121
CIRCULAR TEMPLE, TIVOLI 123
MAISON CARRÉE, NÎMES 123
PLAN OF TEMPLE, TIVOLI 123
PLAN OF TEMPLE OF VESTA, ROME 123
PLAN OF CIRCULAR TEMPLE ACCORDING TO VITRUVIUS 124
FORUM, TIMGAD 131
FORUM, POMPEII 133
PLAN OF BASILICA, POMPEII 134
VITRUVIUS' BASILICA, FANO 135
ROMAN THEATRE ACCORDING TO VITRUVIUS 147
THEATRE AT ASPENDUS 149
THEATRE PORTICO ACCORDING TO VITRUVIUS 152
TEPIDARIUM OF STABIAN BATHS, POMPEII 157
APODYTERIUM FOR WOMEN, STABIAN BATHS, POMPEII 157
STABIAN BATHS, POMPEII 158
PALAESTRA, OLYMPIA, AND GREEK PALAESTRA ACCORDING TO VITRUVIUS 161
PLANS OF HOUSES, POMPEII 176
PLAN OF HOUSE OF SILVER WEDDING, POMPEII 177
PLAN OF TYPICAL ROMAN HOUSE 178
PERISTYLE OF HOUSE OF THE VETTII, POMPEII 179
PLAN OF HOUSE OF THE VETTII, POMPEII 179
PLAN OF VILLA RUSTICA, NEAR POMPEII 183
PLAN OF VITRUVIUS' GREEK HOUSE 186
PLAN OF GREEK HOUSE, DELOS 187
PLAN OF GREEK HOUSE DISCOVERED AT PERGAMUM 188
RETAINING WALLS 191
CONSTRUCTION OF THE ANALEMMA 271
CONSTRUCTION OF WATER SCREW 295
WATER SCREW 296
HEGETOR'S RAM AND TORTOISE 312
1. From sixteenth century MS.
2. From model by A. A. Howard.
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VITRUVIUS
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