The Teaching of Epictetus Being the 'Encheiridion of Epictetus,' with Selections from the 'Dissertations' and 'Fragments'

CHAPTER IX.

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1. _The conflagration._--See Preface for an account of the Stoic Doctrine of the _Weltverbrennung_.

2. Long suggests that the words translated "air to air" might be equally well rendered "spirit to spirit" ([Greek: hoson pneumatiou eis pneumation]), thus finding a place for the soul in this enumeration of the elements of man. But this metaphysical division of man's nature into a spiritual part and a material part would have been wholly contrary to Stoic teaching, which admitted no existence that was not material. As a matter of fact, if any of the terms in this enumeration is to be understood as meaning soul or spirit, it will be fire rather than air.

3. Gods and Powers.--[Greek: theôn kai Daimonôn].