Chapter 32
[256] An instructive illustration is furnished by the question of the relation of the sexes, and elsewhere (_Studies in the Psychology of Sex_, Vol. VI, "Sex in Relation to Society") I have sought to show that we must distinguish between marriage, which is directly the affair of the individuals primarily concerned, and procreation, which is mainly the concern of society.
[257] See, for instance, the opinion of the former Chief Inspector of Elementary Schools in England, Mr. Edmond Holmes, _What Is and What Might Be_ (1911). He points out that true education must be "self-realization," and that the present system of "education" is entirely opposed to self-realization. Sir John Gorst, again, has repeatedly attacked the errors of the English State system of education.
[258] The phrase _Laissez faire_ is sometimes used as though it were the watchword of a party which graciously accorded a free hand to the Devil to do his worst. As a matter of fact, it was simply a phrase adopted by the French economists of the eighteenth century to summarize the conclusion of their arguments against the antiquated restrictions which were then stifling the trade and commerce of France (see G. Weuleresse, _Le Mouvement Physiocratique en France_, 1910, Vol. II, p. 17). Properly understood, it is not a maxim which any party need be ashamed to own.
[259] I would again repeat that I do not regard legislation as a channel of true eugenic reform. As Bateson well says (_op. cit._ p. 15); "It is not the tyrannical and capricious interference of a half-informed majority which can safely mould or purify a population, but rather that simplification of instinct for which we ever hope, which fuller knowledge alone can make possible." Even the subsidising of unexceptionable parents, as the same writer remarks, cannot be viewed with enthusiasm. "If we picture to ourselves the kind of persons who would infallibly be chosen as examples of 'civic worth' the prospect is not very attractive."
[260] "Aristotle, herein the organ and exponent of the Greek national mind," remarks Gomperz, "understood by the hygiene of the soul the avoidance of all extremes, the equilibrium of the powers, the harmonious development of aptitudes, none of which is allowed to starve or paralyse the others." Gomperz points out that this individual morality corresponded to the characteristics of the Greek national religion--its inclusiveness and spaciousness, its freedom and serenity, its ennoblement alike of energetic action and passive enjoyment (Gomperz, _Greek Thinkers_, Eng. Trans., Vol. III, p. 13).
[261] _Convito_, IV, 27.
THE END
INDEX
(_Names of Authors quoted are italicized._)
Abortion, facultative, 99
Age of consent, 288 _et seq._
Aggeneration, 24
Alcohol, legislative control of, 277 _et seq._, 295 _et seq._
Alcoholism, 33, 41
_Allen, Grant_, 394
_Allen, W.H._, 11
Ancestry, the study of, 2
_Angell, Norman_, 321
_Anthony, Susan_, 111
Antimachus of Colophon, 117
Anti-militarism, 328
_Aristotle_, 403
_Ashby_, 33
_Asnurof_, 283
_Aubry_, 42
_Augustine_, St., 5
Australia, birth-rate in, 146 _et seq._, 162; moral legislation in, 291
_Azoulay_, 188
Bachofen, 91
_Baines, Sir J.A._, 153
_Barnes, Earl_, 223
_Basedow_, 244
_Bateson_, 27, 194, 402
Beatrice, Dante's, 122
Beaufront, L. de, 372, 373
Bebel, 71, 88
_Becker, R._, 118
_Belbèze_, 211
_Benecke, E.F.M._, 117
Bergsonian philosophy, 31
_Bertillon, G._, 63
_Bertillon, J._, 278
_Beveridge_, 171
Bible in religious education, 230, 240
_Billroth_, 353
_Bingham_, 274
Birth-rate, in France, 17, 136, 188; in England, 17, 137; in Germany, 17, 138; in Russia, 25; in United States, 141; in Canada, 144; in Australasia, 146, 162; in Japan, 155; in China, 156; among savages, 167; significance of a falling, 134 _et seq._; in relation to death-rate, 7, 150
_Blease, W. Lyon_, 70
_Bloch, Iwan_, 93
_Boccaccio_, 119, 123
_Bodey_, 43, 201
_Böhmert_, 138
_Bonhoeffer_, 38
_Booth, C._, 177, 184
_Bosanquet_, 18, 383, 394
_Bouché-Leclercq_, 306
_Branthwaite_, 41
_Braun, Lily_, 139
_Brinton_, 351
Budin, 8
Bund für Mutterschutz, 96
_Burckhardt_, 123
_Burnham_, 221
_Bushee, F._, 11, 171
_Byington_, 393
Camp, Maxime du, 50
Campanella, 27
Campbell, Harry, 179
Canada, birth-rate in, 144 _et seq._; sexual hygiene in, 253
_Cantlie_, 179
_Carpenter, Edward_, 397
_Casper_, 91
Certificates, eugenic, 30, 44, 202
_Chadwick, Sir E._, 4, 184
_Chamfort_, 256
Chastity of German women, 88
_Cheetham_, 235
Chicago Vice Commission, 277, 295, 300
Child, psychology of, 218
Children, religious education of, 217
China, birth-rate in, 156
Christianity in relation to romantic love, 117
Chivalrous attitude towards women, 124
Civilization, what it consists in, 18
_Clayton_, 180
_Cobbe, F.P._, 50
Co-education, 58
_Coghlan, T.A._, 147, 161, 165, 166
Coinage, international, 378
Concubinage, legalized, 104
_Condorcet_, 50, 67
Confirmation, rite of, 236
Consent, age of, 288 _et seq._
Courts of Love, 119
_Couturat_, 350, 374
_Creed, J.M._, 291
Criminality and feeble-mindedness, 38
Crucé, Emeric, 315
_Dante_, 122, 132
_Dareste_, 387, 396
_Davenport_, 35, 36, 44, 198
Death-rate in relation to birth-rate, 7, 150
Degenerate families, 41 _et seq._
Degeneration of race, alleged, 19 _et seq._, 37
_De Quincey_, 219
Descartes, 349
_Dickens_, 129
_Dill, Sir S._, 305
Disinfection, origin of, 5
Divorce, 62, 109
_Donkin, Sir H.B._, 39
_Donnan_, 374
Drunkenness, decrease of, 18
Dubois, P., 315
_Dugdale_, 42
_Dumont, Arsène_, 157, 160, 171
Economic aspect of woman's movement, 52, 63 _et seq._
Education, 6, 47, 57, 71, 201, 217 _et seq._, 398
_Ehrenfels_, 25
_Eichholz_, 36
_Eimer_, 387
_Ellis, Havelock_, 15, 31, 40, 44, 49, 88, 100, 108, 118, 130, 154, 161, 179, 186, 204, 206, 207, 220, 244, 259, 369, 394
Enfantin, Prosper, 104
_Engelmann_, 142, 160, 165
English, characteristics of the, 2; attitude towards immorality, 270; language for international purposes, 355 _et seq._
Esperanto, 372
_Espinas_, 60
Eugenics, 12, 26 _et seq._, 107, 195 _et seq._, 399 _et seq._
Euthenics, 12
_Ewart, R.J._, 26, 172
Factory legislation, 5
_Fahlbeck_, 22
Fairy tales in education, 239
Family, limitation of, 16, 26
Family in relation to degeneracy, 41; size of, 35
Feeble-minded, problem of the, 31 _et seq._
_Fell, E.F.B._, 383
Ferrer, 318
Fertility in relation to prosperity, 169 _et seq._
_Fiedler_, 229
_Finlay-Johnson, H._, 227, 242
_Firenzuola_, 123
"Fit," the term, 44
_Flux_, 138
_Forel_, 93
France, birth-rate in, 17, 136, 188; women and love in, 119; legal attitude towards immorality in, 265; regulation of alcohol in, 278
_Franklin, B._, 142, 327
_Fraser, Mrs._, 115
French language for international purposes, 364 _et seq._
Frenssen, 95
_Freud_, S., 92
_Fuld, E.F._, 274, 276
_Fürch, Henriette_, 252
_Galton, Sir F._, 28, 29, 44, 45, 107, 195, 197, 198, 200, 203, 208, 402
_Gaultier, J. de_, 342
_Gautier, Léon_, 119
_Gavin, H._, 184
_Gayley, Julia_, 420
Germany, sex questions in, 87 _et seq._; illegitimacy in, 97; sexual hygiene in, 94; legal attitude towards immorality in, 265, 301
_Giddings_, 46
_Godden_, 35, 198
_Godwin, W._, 309
_Goethe_, 128, 131
_Goldscheid_, 167, 173
_Gomperz_, 403
_Goncourt_, 120
Gouges, Olympe de, 68
_Gourmont, Remy de_, 122, 299, 317
_Gournay, Marie de_, 110
_Grabowsky_, 263
_Grasset_, 209
_Grünspan_, 97
_Guérard_, 325, 346, 369
_Guthrie, L._, 239
_Haddon, A.C._, 234, 245
_Hagen_, 262
_Hale, Horatio_, 351
_Hales, W.W._, 260
_Hall, G. Stanley_, 220, 224, 232, 233, 303
_Hamburger, C._, 151
_Hamill, Henry_, 213
_Hausmeister, P._, 302
_Hayllar, F._, 233
Health, nationalization of, 15
Health visitors, 7
_Hearn, Lafcadio_, 191
_Henry, W.O._, 252
Heredity of feeble-mindedness, 34; as the hope of the race, 44; study of, 198
_Heron_, 19, 166
_Hervé_, 329
_Hiller_, 263, 267
_Hinton, James_, 133
_Hirschfeld, Magnus_, 92, 286
_Hobbes_, 313
Holland, moral legislation in, 291
_Holmes, Edmond_, 227, 228
Homosexuality and the law, 283, 286
_Hookey, N.A._, 174
_Hughes, R.E._, 242
_Humboldt, W. von_, 61, 106
_Huneker_, 393
Hungary, birth-rate and death-rate in, 169
_Hutchinson, Woods_, 186
Hygiene, in medieval and modern times, 5; of sex, 244 _et seq._
Idiocy, 32 _et seq._
Ido, 373
Illegitimacy, and feeble-mindedness, 37; in Germany, 97
Imbecility, 32 _et seq._
Individualism, 3, 381 _et seq._
Industrialism, modern, 2
Inebriety and feeble-mindedness, 41
Infant consultations, 8
Infantile mortality, 7, 13, 25, 138, 150 _et seq._
Initiation of youth, 234
Insurance, national, 15
International language of the future, 349 _et seq._
_James, E.C._, 123
James, William, 195
Japan, romantic love in, 115; birth-rate and death-rate in, 155; changed conditions in, 191, 322
_Jenks, E._, 312, 316
_Johannsen_, 152
_Johnson, Roswell_, 207
_Jordan, D.S._, 324
_Jörger_, 42
Jukes family, 41
_Kaan_, 91
_Kellerman, Ivy_, 369
_Key, Ellen_, 100 _et seq._, 130, 229, 394
_Kirkup_, 384
_Krafft-Ebing_, 92
_Krauss, F.S._, 92
_Kuczynski_, 142
Labour movement and war, 329
_La Chapelle, E.P._, 145
_Lacour, L._, 68
_Lagorgette_, 315
Laissez-faire, the maxim of, 3, 400
_Lancaster_, 231
Language, international, 349 _et seq._
Latin as an international language, 354
_Lavelege, E. de_, 321
Law, in relation to eugenics, 30, 45; to morals, 48; the sphere of, 312
_Lea_, 88
_Leau_, 350
_Leibnitz_, 350
_Levy, Miriam_, 221
_Lewis, C.J. and J.N._, 165
Lichtenstein, Ulrich von, 118
Life-history albums, 199, 212 _et seq._
_Lischnewska, Maria_, 248
_Lobsien_, 226
_Loomis, C.B._, 361
_Lorenz_, 21, 373
Love, and the woman's question, 59, 101, 113 _et seq._; and eugenics, 203 _et seq._
Luther, 94, 228, 306
Mackay, J.H., 393
_Macnamara, N.C._, 179
_Macquart_, 188
Maine, prohibition in, 279
_Mannhardt_, 204
_Manouvrier_, 86
_Marcuse, Max_, 94
Marriage, certificates for, 30, 44, 45, 209; economics and, 61; natural selection and, 204; State regulation of, 61 _et seq._; the ideal of, 101; in classic times, 114
Marriage-rate, 139, 164, 173
_Matignon_, 156
Matriarchal theory, 49
_Maurice, Sir F._, 180
_McLean_, 161
_Meisel-Hess, Grete_, 109, 130
_Méray_, 119, 365
_Mercier_, C., 20
Meredith, George, 129
Miele, 9
_Miers_, 354
Milk Depôts, 8
_Mill_, J.S., 52, 71
_Moll_, 92, 93, 246
_Montaigne_, 115
_Montesquieu_, 37
_Moore, B._, 15, 185
Morals in relation to law, 48, 258 _et seq._
More, Sir T., 29
_Morgan, L._, 66
_Morse, J._, 224
Mortality of infants, 7, 13, 25, 138, 150 _et seq._
Motherhood in relation to eugenics, 46
Mothers, schools for, 9
_Mougins-Roquefort_, 312
Municipal authorities to instruct in limitation of offspring, duty of, 26
_Muralt_, 2
Mysteries, Pagan and Christian, 235
_Näcke_, 186
Napoleon, 69, 265
_Nars, L._, 69
National Insurance, 15
Nationalization of health, 15
Natural selection and social reform, 13
_Nearing, Scott_, 194
Neo-Malthusianism, 16, 26, 102, 159 _et seq._
_Nevinson, H.W._, 330
_Newsholme_, 7, 19, 137, 166, 172
New Zealand, birth-rate in, 148
_Nietzsche_, 190, 309, 334, 392
_Niphus_, 123
Norway, infantile mortality in, 14
_Nötzel_, R., 394
_Novikov_, 324, 330, 342
Noys, H., 29
_Nyström_, 26
Obscenity, 255, 304
Oneida, 29
Ovid, 114, 132
Owen, Robert, 51
Pankhurst, Mrs., 85
_Partridge, G.L._, 219
_Paul, Eden_, 208
_Pearson, Karl_, 198
_Penn, W._, 341
_Perrycoste, F.H._, 212
_Peters, J.P._, 293
_Pfaundler_, 371
Pinard, J., 252
_Pinloche_, 244
_Plate_, 185
_Ploetz_, 210
_Ploss_, 167, 176
Police systems, 274
Post Office, inquisition at the, 276
Prohibition of alcohol in Maine, 279
Prosperity in relation to fertility, 169 _et seq._
Prostitution, and feeble-mindedness, 38; and sexual selection, 60; varying legal attitude towards, 285, 296
Puberty, psychic influence of, 231 _et seq._
Puericulture, 7
Quakers, 270
Quarantine, origin of, 5
Race, alleged degeneration of, 19 _et seq._, 37
Raines Law hotels, 293 _et seq._
_Ramsay, Sir W.M._, 305
_Ranke, Karl_, 169
_Raschke, Marie_, 99
Reform, Social hygiene as distinct from sexual, 1; four stages of social, 4 _et seq._
_Reibmayr_, 22
Religion, and eugenics, 208; and the child, 217 _et seq._
Reproduction, control of, 17
_Richards, Ellen_, 12
_Richardson, Sir B.W._, 65
_Robert, P._, 340
_Roberts, A.M._, 369, 370
Roman Catholics and Neo-Malthusianism, 161
Roseville, 173
_Ross, E.A._, 156
_Rousseau_, 229
_Rubin_, 153, 166
_Ruediger_, 232
Rural life, influence of, 177 _et seq._
_Russell, Mrs. B._, 9
Russia, infantile mortality in, 14, 154, 168; moral legislation in, 282
_Ryle, R.J._, 33
Sacraments, origin of Christian, 235
Saint-Pierre, Abbé de, 339
Saint-Simon, 51, 104
St. Valentine and eugenics, 203
Sand, George, 50, 105
Sanitation as an element of social reform, 4
_Saussure, R. de_, 380
_Sayer, E._, 35
_Schallmayer_, 200
_Schiff, M._, 110
Schleyer, 352
_Schooling, J.H._, 174
Schools for mothers, 9
_Schrader, O._, 88
_Schreiner, Olive_, 130, 330
_Schroeder, T._, 255, 304
Science and social reform, 11
_Sellers, E._, 266, 301
Sex questions in Germany, 87 _et seq._
Sexual hygiene, 244 _et seq._, 309
Sexual selection, 59, 203 _et seq._
Shaftesbury, Earl of, 6
_Sherwell, A._, 280
_Shrank, J._, 285
_Siégler-Pascal_, 339
_Sitwell, Sir G._, 327
_Smith, Sir T._, 120
_Smith, T.P._, 180
Social reform as distinct from social hygiene, 1; its four stages, 4 _et seq._
Socialism, 18, 208, 381 _et seq._
Society of the future, 55
_Sollier_, 354
_Solmi_, 28
_Sombart_, 138
Spain, legalized concubinage in, 104; women in, 129
Spanish as an international language, 353
_Stanton, E.C._, 85
_Starbuck_, 232
_Steinmetz_, 312, 331
_Steele_, 27
Sterilization, 30, 44, 46
Sterility and the birth-rate, 164
_Stevenson_, 19
_Stewart, A._, 237
_Stewart, R.S._, 182
_Stirner, Max_, 393
Stirpiculture, 29
_Stöcker, H._, 96
_Streitberg, Countess von_, 99
Suffrage, woman's, 50, 57, 71 _et seq._
Sully, 315, 340
Sun, City of the, 27
_Sutherland, A._, 312
_Sykes_, 9
Syndicalism, 329
Syphilis, 32
_Taine_, 128, 313
_Takano_, 155
_Tarde_, 132, 307
_Thompson, W._, 51
_Toulouse_, 45, 186
Tramps and feeble-mindedness, 41
_Tredgold_, 34
United States, birth-rate in, 140 _et seq._; sexual hygiene in, 254; attitude towards immorality in, 273 _et seq._
Urban life, influence of, 177 _et seq._
Vasectomy, 31
Venereal disease and sexual hygiene, 254
_Vesnitch_, 315
Vineland, 34
Volapük, 352
_Wagenen, W.F. van_, 378
War against war, 311 _et seq._
Ward, Mrs. Humphry, 76
_Weale, B.L. Putnam_, 157
_Weatherby_, 157
_Webb, Sidney_, 156, 163
_Weeks_, 35, 36
_Weinberg, S._, 99
_Wentworth, S._, 173
_Westergaard_, 166
_Westermarck_, 559
_Weuleresse_, 400
Wheeler, Mrs., 52
White slave trade, 288
_Whetham, W.C.D. and Mrs._, 199
_Whitman, Walt_, 66, 403
_Wilcox, W.F._, 141
_Wilde, O._, 394
_Wilhelm, C._, 266
_Wollstonecraft, Mary_, 50, 69, 70, 111
Woman, and eugenics, 46; movement, 49 _et seq._; economics, 63 _et seq._; eighteenth century, 69, 128; and the suffrage, 50, 57, 71 _et seq._; of the Italian Renaissance, 123; in Spanish literature, 129; and war, 330
_Yule, G. Udny_, 139, 174
Zamenhof, 372
Zero family, 42
_Ziller_, 240
WILLIAM BRENDON AND SON, LTD. PRINTERS, PLYMOUTH
* * * * *
Transcriber's notes:
With the following exceptions spelling and punctuation of the original text have been maintained:
1. Obvious typographical errors and punctuation inconsistencies. 2. Chapter V, Par 16 "high death-rate" has been changed to "high birth-rate". 3. Chapter VII Par 16 "precocious sexual" has been changed to "precocious scriptural". 4. Ligatured words "mytho-poeic", "OEuvres", and "boef" have been left unligatured. 5. Italicized words have been surrounded with underline "_".