Part 4

127 Papotun.--A plant, about a yard high; its seed is like that of the nightshade, at first green, and when ripe, red; in appearance like the Goonchee, covered with a very thin capsule. The leaves heated and applied to swellings are discutient, and the root pounded and mixed with water, applied to the carbuncle or introduced on a seton, will effect a cure in a few days.

128 Paethaon.--Called also Culsi or Breshtpirnie. A medicine of India; sweet, hot, light, and aphrodisiac; remedies laxities of the bowels and abrasions of the intestines. It decreases general heat, allays thirst, and is useful in affections of wind, mucus, bile, nausea, and fever. In the Dhinteri, it is said to be pungent, and beneficial in asthma, phlegm, and dropsy.

129 Patole, vide Pulwul.

130 Patera, usually called PatËla, a name of Birdee, a reed, growing in marshy places, used for making mats. It grows about a man's height, sometimes higher, and about the thickness of one's finger. Its ashes are peculiarly drying, and in quality dry and moist; if sprinkled over a sore, they quickly dry it up; if mixed with vinegar, dried, pounded, and applied to a carbuncle, it will cure it. They are also useful in Ukula and Nufsoodum.

131 Patung.--A large tree, a native of the hills; its leaves are like that of the almond, and its flowers yellow. The fruit round, and of a dirty green color when young, becoming red as it ripens, and sweet to the taste.

Physicians of Yunan have described it as hot, useful in bilious affections, mucus, and blood; also in boils and eruptions. A. Bukkum. The wood is used by dyers. In the Topha it is written, that in the quantity of 15 masha it is a deadly poison. Its powder is excellent as an application to wounds and ulcers. A bath formed of a decoction of the wood, clears the surface of the body, and gives strength to the bones.

132 Putrudj.--A very common leaf, in length from three to five inches, and in breadth two inches; of a green color, and pleasant smell; it is strongly marked by veins, and is brought from the hills. It is hot and light, useful in wind and piles, nausea, pain at the stomach, flatulence, and is cardiac. A. Sadielj Hindui. Laurus Cassia, W. Tamalapatra, S. Tezpat, H. Tez (the bark), H. Twacha, S.

133 Pithpapra.--Oldenlandia biflora. Bitter, cool, light, and in its effects astringent; beneficial in affections and disorders of bile, mucus, and blood; also in general heat; useful in giddiness, thirst, and fever; it generates flatulence. A. Shaterra.

134 Batassa.--A name for Phaneer.

135 Buthua, or Pasthuk, "Chenopodium album." A plant about a yard high, or even less; its leaves are small like the mint, soft and serrated; when the plant is old, it becomes a little larger, but the leaves remain the same. It is used in India as a culinary vegetable, and ate with or without meat; the leaves are sweetish when young; it delights to grow near water, and is found both in the wild and cultivated state, but the wild is considered the best; it is light and laxative, strengthens the system, is useful in affections of the spleen, eruptions from diffusion of bile, piles, worms, ascarides in the rectum, and corrects all natural secretions except blood. A. Kutf.

136 Butela.--A kind of Pea: see Muttur.

137 Butaer.--The Quail, Perdix Olivacea, (Buch.) Its flesh is cool, and promotes appetite; is beneficial in fever, and corrects the three principal secretions. Some have said, that this is a name for Tihoo; it resembles the partridge, but is only about half the size. In my opinion, it is cool and hot in equal degrees; it forms a desirable food for the sick, or emaciated; it strengthens the stomach, and produces costiveness.

138 Batees.--A name for Atees, already described.

139 Pytha.--The gall-bladder of any animal. Bile is hot and dry, but no general account can be given of its properties, as almost that of every animal differs from another. If goat's bile be used, it will relieve an affection of the liver, and if it be mixed with camphor and butter, and introduced into the ear, it will cure tooth-ache, or rubbed into the abdomen of a child below the navel, it will prove laxative. Cow's bile, if introduced into the ear, will cure pain arising from wind, mucus or bile.

140 Putalphoorie.--The name of a grass, which grows in rocky places, from which it has either derived its name or from its property of dissolving the stone in the urinary or gall-bladder. It is a very small plant; its leaves, like those of the Lobeia (a small bean), when chewed are found to be very mucilaginous. It is a powerful medicine in dysuria, and is beneficial in dissolving stones in the urinary or gall-bladder. Of this I have several times had proof within my own observation; and I have given it to the extent of 5 or 6 mashas in these disorders, combined with sugar, or with other diuretic medicines, or sherbets, or even in plain water; a substitute for this may sometimes be found in Gokroo, in cucumber seeds, or some such cooling medicine. A distilled water from it is in use. In one case where I used the Putalphoorie, I found, that while fresh and green, it was not so beneficial, and induced costiveness; but when dried and given, it was much more effectual and less prejudicial.

141 Puturjenie.--A name for Lichmuna and Lichmunie.

142 Butchudder.--A species of the Catechu tree; hot and astringent, beneficial in Aphtha, tooth-ache, blood, itch, poisons, and phlegm.

143 Budjaesaar.--The name of a tree; the best sort is called Bidjaesaar; it is beneficial in Juzam, ptyalism, white leprosy, seminal weakness, ascarides in the rectum, disorders of bile and blood, cleansing the fluids, strengthening the roots of the hair, and it is well known as an ingredient in many formulÊ.

144 Bitchoo, (Scorpion.).--A. Akrub. Its medicinal properties are described in Yunani works. Bitchoo Diriag is small and of a blackish color, tinged with red, and has a sting on its head with which it wounds; its eyes are pointed, and its head is large in proportion to its body. The author of the Dara Shekoi supposes this to be the Singee fish.

145 Bejoura.--A. Utrudj, though some describe them as distinct species.

146 Butch.--Acorus Calamus, W. Vacha, S. Sweet-scented flag, Acorus Odorant, F. Kalamus Nurtzil, G. Calamo Aromatica, J. Acoro Calamo, S. Wedj. A. Agrtoorki. P. One kind of this is white; both kinds are bitter, pungent, hot and stomachic: loosens mucus from the throat, cures itch, mucous disorders, epilepsy, idiotism, the influence of evil spirits. In the Maadentezerrabad it is written, that the Indians have a belief, that if the butch be taken, cut in small pieces, and put into an earthen pot, with ghee sufficient to cover it about an inch, that is one part of the butch and two of ghee, and this pot placed in Jow for 40 days, and 15 mashas of this taken daily, it will cure paralysis and loss of memory, and all complaints arising from cold.

147 Budgerkund.--Called also Soorun, q. vide.

148 Beechnak.--The name of a poison; vide Singia.

149 Bedareekund.--A kind of Baraikund. Of this two kinds are described; one of which is white, and called Chitturkund; the properties of all are alike.

150 Bedarkee.--Also a name for Bedareekund.

151 Budhill.--Indian Suffergill (as it is called); the fruit of a large tree, very common all over India; the tree is like a middle-sized Jamin; its leaves are broad and longer than the Daak, but the latter is round, whereas this is longish, irregular on the back, and very brittle; when ripe the fruit is of a sweet acid taste, and when unripe it is perfectly sour; when about half ripe, it is hot, heavy, and flatulent, producing wind, disorders of bile, decreasing aphrodisia and appetite, and increasing phlegm; when ripe its properties are quite the reverse; but with respect to the disorders produced by suffusion of bile, I have not ascertained if it is beneficial or otherwise. The Dara Shekoi has not noticed this medicine, and for my information I am indebted to works of Hindoostan. As far as I can judge, it increases the tone of the stomach, raises the spirits; but taken in quantities, it is difficult of digestion and produces flatulence. It is acid, and therefore remedies bile, but it increases cough. The kernel is astringent.

152 Bedhara.--A medicine of India, brought from the hills; it is a light wood about the thickness of liquorice root; bitter and astringent, hot and aperient. It is aphrodisiac; useful in disorders of wind, phlegm, and blood; also in swellings of the body, seminal weakness, and forms an ingredient in many approved formulÊ.

153 Pudmeinie.--(The Winter Lilly.) The flower of the Kawul; sweet and cool, heavy and stomachic, astringent and useful in disorders of bile, mucus, and blood. A. Neelophir.

154 Pudumcharnie.--A kind of the above, with few leaves; light and beneficial in mucous disorders and suppression of urine, and it hardens the matrix. For a more particular account, see Kawul.

155 Pudumrauj.--Sweet and astringent; cool and aperient; it strengthens the eyes, corrects corpulence, cures boils, eruptions, and is an antidote to poison. A. Yacootlal.

156 Pedloon.--A kind of salt; vide Noon. The salt of lead, called also Kutchloon.

157 Burrh.--A large tree of Hindoostan, very common, cool and heavy; astringent, useful in mucous disorders, in bile, boils, and eruptions. In the Maadentezerrabad it is called Reesha in Persian. If the milk is applied to swellings or boils, it will effect a cure by resolution; or if applied to the eye, will remove specks on the cornea. If a tooth be at all loose, the milk applied to it will cause it to fall out without pain, but care must be taken that it be not applied to the sound tooth. If the bark of the tree be put into the pan in which fish is fried, it will soften the bones. The young shoots of the hanging roots and the bark, are cool, dry, and astringent; the milk is hot and powerful; the fruit less so. If the above-mentioned young shoots be bruised and put into a cloth, and heated over the fire, it forms an excellent and affectual application to lumbago or other rheumatic affections. The fruit, ate with milk and sugar, is mentioned as aphrodisiac, and increasing certain secretions. The young shoots of the pendent roots and leaves, and the bark are astringent, and useful in diarrhoea. The leaf-buds are also recommended for the same complaint, dressed with meat or otherwise.

158 Birnaan or Burna.--A tree of Adjmere; the wood of which is used for making beads, which from their beauty are sent to different places as presents. Its medicinal property is hot and aperient, stomachic, beneficial in disorders of the blood, phlegm, wind, dysuria, and emaciation; it is vermifuge, and lithontriptic.

159 Purpeeloo.--The Araaq Hindui. Cool, and useful in itch, Juzam, hemorrhoids, disorders of blood, mucus, and bile.

160 Beridda.--A medicine of Hindoostan; cool, and grateful, increasing seminal secretion, removing cough, hectic fever, disorders of blood, and phlegm, and increasing the strength of the solids.

161 Pereshtpurnie.--A name for PÊthaon.

162 Berchakund.--A kind of Pindaloo; another kind is called Roomus, also Mudwull; a third kind is Sunkal; a fourth Kashtall; a fifth Hustaloo; a sixth Rucktall, called Ruckutkund. All these roots are sweet, cool, dry, and flatulent; also aperient. They give tone to the urinary bladder, remove eruptions (the consequence of suffused bile), increase semen, phlegm, and wind; they strengthen the solids, are slow of digestion, and increase the secretion of milk. Pindaloo is somewhat bitter and hot, heavy, mucilaginous, and diuretic. Mudwall increases bile, and is bitter; but it is beneficial in mucous disorders.

163 Barumbie or Soonputtie.--Sweet, cool, aperient, light; increases the powers of perception and memory, clears the voice, cures Juzam, jaundice, seminal weakness, foulness of the blood, and cough; is an antidote to poisons, beneficial in swelling of the body, in bilious affections, and is a common ingredient in all useful formulÊ. A. Zernub.

164 Burberi.--A name for Hermodaclytes. Cool, strong, dry; increases the general heat and bile, cures disorders of the blood, phlegm, daad, and worms. It is an antidote to poisons.

165 Bureeja.--A name for Kuna, (Galbanum.)

166 Berehta or Berehti.--(Sorrel)? (but the first is the common name.) Kuthai; some say, that both kinds of Kuthai are called Berehti; but it is not so, the small kind only goes by that name. Karenta and Kutla are both names of the large Kuthai, and Kuthlee; and Kuntkaree and Kuntkalka, are names for the small Kuthai. It is hot and astringent, strengthens the animal spirits; is stomachic, and a pleasant addition to the flavor of food. It is used in disorders of mucus and blood, wind, worms, ascarides in the rectum, Juzam, fever, asthma, pain in the bowels, cough, dysuria, emaciation, Badgola. It is lithontriptic, and in P. is called Badinjandyshtee. The flower called Gulkhar.

167 Purbal.--A name for Coral; see Moonga.

168 Byrumbseerjella, vide Hurhurra.

169 Peertuckhpirnie.--A species of Peereshtpirnee.

170 Buryara.--"Indian Mallow, (Sida cordifolia, W. Sida Rhombifolia, W. Sida Rhomboidoea, Roxb. MS. Sp. Ch.) Shrubby, erect, ramous; leaves short, petioled, rhomboid-lanceolate, serrate, 3-nerved, villous; stipules sitaceous. Peduncles axillary, solitary, shorter than the leaves, one-flowered, capsules 12, without beak, Roxb. MS." A very light flower of Hindoostan, cool and dry, demulcent and emolient; it promotes seminal secretion, and cures disorders of the spirits, gonorrhoea, and seminal weakness. Take 24 grs. of the dried flower in powder, and eat with milk and sugar, for the cure of the above-mentioned disorders. Ext. Maadentezerrabad.

171 Burruntaaki.--A name for Buretta.

172 Purundha.--A name for Mahameet.

173 Pursarnie.--Hot and purgative, pungent and strengthening; expels wind, disperses phlegm, &c. In the Maadentezerrabad, Pursarnie is said to be a medicine of India; hot and dry, beneficial in leprosy, boils and pains in the joints, mucous disorders, and flatulence.

174 Berahumnie, or Berrumdundie.--A wild plant, growing very low, with very thin branches and dark-red flowers, having small prickles on them; it is sweet, cool and light, increases knowledge and memory, relieves pains in the back, clears the voice, and is useful in marasmus, seminal weakness, and fever. In the Maadentezerrabad, it is thus described--Beramdundie, a medicine of India, with prickles on its flowers; hot and dry: seven scruples in powder taken in cow's milk, increases memory; is aphrodisiac, and beneficial in mania; it also removes too great irritability in the seminal vessels.

175 Berahumie.--I have given a description of this separately, as it is so done in the Maadentezerrabad. A medicine of India, of the herb tribe; pungent, astringent, hot and dry in the 2d degree; beneficial in cholicks, phlegm, epilepsy, depression of spirits, fever from mucus, and delirium from cold; it is also stomachic.

176 Peroza, or Berektummun.--A common stone, called in India Feroza. It is astringent and sweet, stomachic, and an antidote to all poisons.

177 Biscopra.--Trianthema Pentandra. A wild grass, of a spreading kind, about 1 1/2 or a yard long; its leaves are like those of the Bookla Yemania, but rather less; its flowers are of a red yellowish color, and the whole plant forms itself into a circle on the ground of about half a yard in diameter. It is bitter, sweet, hot and dry, also aperient. It cures boils, disorders from mucus, bile, blood, wind, swellings, and creates appetite. It forms an ingredient in many formulÊ. One kind of this is red, and is called Rukit Bhitt; bitter and powerfully stomachic; cool, light, and inducing costiveness; producing wind, beneficial in disorders of mucus, bile, and blood.

178 Pystha.--The Pistachio Nut. Sweet, hot, oleaginous, heavy, aphrodisiac, and detergent; useful in disorders of wind and mucus, and difficult of digestion. A. Fystuk.

179 Pysturling.--A name of Chitchera or Chirchera, so called from its fixing itself in one's clothes.

180 Bussunti.--A flower of a yellow color; cool, light, pungent, powerfully diminishing all the secretions and sensible perspiration. Of a sweet smell, and pleasant to the taste.

181 Bishnookrantha.-- A kind of Biscopra, of a pungent nature, strengthening the mental faculties; vermifuge; beneficial in boils, eruptions and mucous disorders. Some writers have given it under the head Kuneyr.

182 Bishash.--A name for Oostoochoodoos.

183 Boqun, or Bookla, or Book.--A plant, the branches of which are very thin, the leaves small, long and pointed; the flowers small and white, growing on every knot of the plant; they are round, useful in disorders from poison, phlegm, bile, and in dysuria. It also is lithontriptic, and beneficial in general heat and delirium.

184 Bukochie.--Conyza, or Serratula Anthelmintica. One kind of which is white, both sweet, astringent, and stomachic, powerfully cool and dry. They are aperient, producing flatulent, tension of the belly, promote appetite, and useful in disorders of blood and bile, difficulty of breathing, leprosy, seminal weakness, fever, and worms. The plant is carminative, and its seed increases bile, is useful in white leprosy, disorders of wind and phlegm, and forms an ingredient in many of the formula.

185 Bagerie.--Alauda. A bird, the flesh of which is cool, sweet, and dry; beneficial in disorders of bile and mucus. In my opinion it is hot and aphrodisiac; also cardiac, and increases corpulency; it cleanses the blood, and is a very proper food for aged persons, those of a cold temperament, or such as labour under cold diseases.

186 Bukaen.--Melia Sempervirens. (A species of the bead-tree.) The Hindoos call it Mahaneeb, vide M. In the Maadentezerrabad, it is thus described: Bukaen, is a common tree, cool, dry, and bitter; useful in disorders of the blood, gravel, swellings, and miliary eruptions, also piles and lumbago. If 9 mashas of the seed be bruised, mixed with equal parts of sugar, and taken every morning in water, it will stop the discharge from the bleeding piles; or if a seer of the seeds, when they have become yellow, be infused in two seers of water, and buried in the ground for 21 days, taken out, and 1/4 seer drank every morning for six months, it will certainly cure leprosy; both Juzam and white.

187 Pushanbedh.--A. Jeuntiana. Its oil is equally beneficial, as that before recommended for strengthening particular organs. This and the Jeuntian are of a very different appearance, they are either distinct plants, or have become different from peculiarity of soil or cultivation. It is a root of a dirty-red color, or when broken, of a bright red; in figure a little crooked. It is cool and laxative; it is lithontriptic, cures seminal weakness, and gonorrhoea. My late uncle used half of this, and half Mendhi, as an application to the inside of the hands and soles of the feet of women laboring under immoderate flow of the menses, and equal benefit was derived, as is usually done from the Mendhi. In the Maadentezerrabad, it is called cool and dry, removing flatulence, bile, thirst, heat, dysuria, gravel, contraction of the urethra, and difficult menstruation.

For the cure of the above-mentioned complaints, it is to be given in water; but for seminal weakness, gonorrhoea, dysuria, &c. it is to be taken in goat's milk. The dose is six mashas. It grows in stony places.

188 Buckree, or ChËrie, q. vide

189 Becktindeek.--A kind of Teindoo, q. vide

190 Palass.--Butea Frondosa. A very common tree, called also Pullae; it is a large forest tree, which in season loses its leaves and throws out flowers of an orange or fire color; its leaves are oval; their breadth about 3 or 4 inches; it is hot, laxative, and stomachic; used in boils, eruptions, Badqola, gravel, piles, worms, and broken bones. It is written, that when the white flowers of the Daak are found, and any one shall eat the seeds and the bark of them, their hearts will be cleansed, their understanding increased, and they shall then ever be endowed with supernatural knowledge; it may be advisable to eat moong ka dall along with it. Its flowers are called Tesoo; they are astringent, curing disorders of mucus, bile, blood, and difficulty in making water. If a decoction is prepared from the flowers, and poured warm from a height on the parts, it will be found useful in pains of the kidneys, bladder, and in suppression of urine. It is diuretic, and if given with medicines of that class, it will add greatly to their efficacy. The flowers are excellent as a fomentation in pains; also hydrocele and schirrous swellings of the testicle may be greatly benefitted by it. The seeds called Palass papra, are hot and light; they cure seminal weakness, piles, worms, and disorders of wind and mucus. In the Maadentezerrabad, "Palass papra is said to be like the seed of the Amultas, round, broad, and thin, of a dark-brown color; its kernel white, or yellowish, and perfectly insipid: it is oleaginous, and smells when chewed." In my opinion, it is useful in phlegm, and the root is beneficial in cholic. The nurses of Hindoostan put one seed into the mixture, which they exhibit after parturition, with much benefit, as it is cardiac. The capsule when whole is also used in decoction. The dose to an adult is four or five seeds, but beyond that, the opinion of the physician is necessary. I have used the bark of the seed and the capsule made into pills, with great success, when mixed with Goor.

191 Belaikund.--"Maadentezerrabad." A medicine of India, also called Pullai seed, or Kaika; a seed red, round, and about the size of a pice, but thinner: it is light as a leaf, and is hot, and dry in the third degree. Applied to blisters on the tongue, to boils, or other eruptions; it removes the bad skin, and cleanses the parts below. It is purgative; removes wind, and every complaint of mucus, cold, or itch; its corrector is ghee, or butter, and its succedaneum Koonush. The dose is three and a half masha, or 12 grains.

192 Palass Peepul.--Hibiscus Populneoides, (Roxb.) A large tree, of the Peepul kind; its leaves and fruit large, moist and aphrodisiac; producing phlegm and worms.

193 Pulwull.--Trichosanthes Dioeca, (Roxb.) A culinary vegetable, of the cucumber kind, oval in its shape; the plant low, and creeping, like the Kanoorie or Cutcherie; they sometimes sow it with the Paan. It is eaten either (when boiled) by itself, or dressed with meat; it is hot and moist; promotes digestion; and strengthens the stomach and powers of virility; creates appetite; cures cough and disorders of the blood, and lessens the other three secretions. It is also beneficial in fevers, boils, and eruptions. It is vermifuge; its leaves are cooling, and cure disorders. Its branches remove superabundance of phlegm, and its root is pungent and aperient, strengthening the stomach. Equal in its degree. Again, it is said to be a fruit eaten by the people of India, sown and cultivated with the Paan, because it delights in shady places. Useful in fever, piles, and mental debility; it is aperient and promotes digestion; and some say, an antidote to poison.

194 Billie.--The Cat; its meat is sweet, hot, and moist: of use in mucous and flatulent disorders.

195 Billoousseeke.--Astringent; removes disorders of wind, phlegm, cholick, or other pain of the bowels. The Bale which bears no fruit, is called by this name.

196 Byll.--Cratoeva, or ∆gle Marmelos. The fruit of jungle-tree, like the Quince; called also Bale.

197 Bylla.--A name for Shahudae, Keekwon, Kangi, and Bursali.

198 Bulka.--Likewise a name for Kangi.