VOLUME I.

THE SWEDES

ON THE DELAWARE

1638–1664

BY

AMANDUS JOHNSON UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA

PHILADELPHIA THE LENAPÉ PRESS 1914

COPYRIGHT, 1914 BY AMANDUS JOHNSON.

TO C. A. SMITH, THE SWEDISH AMERICAN PHILANTHROPIST AND FRIEND OF LEARNING

TABLE OF CONTENTS.

Page

Preface 7

I. Political, Social, Religious and other Conditions in Sweden, 1611–1660 11

II. Industries, Commerce and Trading Companies 39

III. The Founding of the New Sweden Company and the Early Expeditions to the Delaware 67

IV. The Founding and First Period of the Colony, 1638–1643 103

V. The Reorganized American Company and the Expeditions to New Sweden during the Administration of Governor Printz 139

VI. The Social and Economic Life of the Colony under Governor Printz, 1643–1653 175

VII. Renewed Efforts in Behalf of the Colony and Tenth and Eleventh Expeditions 249

VIII. The Colony under Rising and Papegoja 273

IX. The American Company, the Last Expedition and the Efforts of Sweden to Regain the Colony 343

X. The First Period of the Swedish Settlements under Dutch Rule and the coming of the _Mercurius_, 1655–1656 359

XI. The Last Period of the Swedish Settlements under the Dutch, 1656–1664 367

Map of New Sweden 392

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.

Fort Christina, _Frontispiece_

Gustavus Adolphus, 10

The Reading Room in the Royal Library, 40

Willem Usselinx, 50

Title-page of the _Argonautica Gustaviana_, 62

Axel Oxenstierna, 68

Letter of Peter Spiring, 72

Klas Fleming, 76

Fort Elfsborg near Gothenborg, 80

New Amsterdam, 96

The Research-room in the Royal Library, 102

Landing Place of the Swedes, 108

Finnish Log-cabin, 110

Interior of the Finnish Cabin, 110

An Indian Family, 112

A Delaware Indian Woman, 114

The Budget of New Sweden, 142

Castle at Viborg, 146

The Ship _Scepter_, 150

Tidö Palace, 166

Johan Printz, 174

Storehouse, 180

Bill of Lading, 184

_Sewant_ (wampum), 204

Mora house, 212

Interior of the Mora house or Log-cabin, 214

Water-mill, 216

Indian Testimony, 236

Title-page of the _Geographia Americae_, 254

Swedish Log-cabin, 288

Storehouses from Finland, 300

Peter Stuyvesant, 306

Passport for Peter Lindeström, 338

Queen Christina, 344

PREFACE

This volume has been prepared to meet the demands, made from time to time, for a popular edition of THE SWEDISH SETTLEMENTS ON THE DELAWARE. It is essentially an abridgment of the above-named work; yet in some particulars it is a new book. It is popular only in so far that foot notes and bibliographical references have been omitted: nowhere has the statement of fact been sacrificed to the embellishment of language.

The book (which was begun last summer) has been written during the spare hours of “a very full schedule” and without the noble aid, inspiration and encouragement of the author’s wife it could not have been finished for another season.

The author also desires to thank the many scholars and others, here and abroad, who, in reviews and private letters, have encouraged the labor through favorable criticism of the earlier book. If this little volume is accorded the same reception by critics and readers as the large work, the labor in writing it has been well worth while.

THE AUTHOR.

_Philadelphia, April, 1913._