PART III.

SELECTIONS OF PLANTS FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES IN THE SUBTROPICAL GARDEN.

SUBTROPICAL GARDENING.

SELECTIONS OF PLANTS FOR VARIOUS PURPOSES.

_A Selection of the very finest and most distinct Subtropical Plants, both hardy and tender, suited for use in the climate of Britain._

Acacia lophantha Acanthus latifolius Agave americana “ “ variegata Ailantus glandulosa Aralia canescens “ japonica “ papyrifera “ spinosa Arundo conspicua “ Donax “ “ versicolor Bambusa falcata “ japonica “ Simonii “ viridi-glaucescens “ edulis Berberis Bealii Beta cicla, var. chilensis Caladium esculentum Canna (in var.) Chamærops excelsa Crambe cordifolia Corypha australis Cycas revoluta Dimorphanthus mandschuricus Dicksonia antarctica Dracæna indivisa Echeveria metallica Erythrina (in var.) Ferdinanda eminens Ferula (in var.) Ficus elastica Gynerium argenteum Gunnera scabra Gymnocladus canadensis Helianthus orgyalis Heracleum (in var.) Melianthus major Monstera deliciosa Molopospermum cicutarium Musa Ensete Onopordon Acanthium Paulownia imperialis Phormium tenax Poa fertilis Polygonum cuspidatum Polymnia grandis Rheum (in var.) Rhus glabra laciniata Ricinus (in var.) Seaforthia elegans Solanum crinitipes “ crinitum “ macranthum “ marginatum “ robustum “ Warscewiczii Tupidanthus calyptratus Uhdea bipinnatifida Verbesina gigantea Wigandia macrophylla “ Vigieri Yucca aloïfolia “ canaliculata “ gloriosa “ pendula

_A Selection of hardy perennials affording the finest effects in the Subtropical Garden._

Acanthus, in variety Aralia edulis “ nudicaulis Astilbe rivularis Arundo Donax “ “ versicolor Bambusa, in var. Bocconia cordata Carex paniculata “ pendula Carduus eriophorus Carlina acaulis Cassia marilandica Centaurea babylonica Crambe cordifolia Datisca cannabina Echinops ruthenicus Eryngium alpinum “ amethystinum Gynerium argenteum Gunnera scabra Helianthus orgyalis Hemerocallis fulva Heracleum (in var.) Inula Helenium Melianthus major Meum athamanticum Molopospermum cicutarium Morina longifolia Panicum bulbosum “ virgatum Phytolacca decandra Polygonum cuspidatum Rhaponticum cynaroides “ pulchrum Rheum (in var.) Statice latifolia Tritoma (in var.) Yucca (in var.) Cynara Scolymus

_A Selection of the finest tender Subtropical Plants that will succeed in our climate in summer._

Acacia lophantha Agave americana Aralia papyrifera Asplenium Nidus-avis Bambusa nigra Bocconia frutescens Brexia madagascariensis Caladium esculentum Canna (in var.) Chamærops humilis “ Palmetto Cycas revoluta Dahlia imperialis Dracæna australis “ cannæfolia “ Draco Echeveria metallica Ferdinanda eminens Ficus elastica “ Chauvieri Monstera deliciosa Musa Ensete Nicotiana virginica “ wigandioides Phormium tenax (hardy in the S. of England and Ireland) Polymnia grandis Ricinus (in var.) Seaforthia elegans Selinum decipiens Solanum crinitipes “ crinitum “ macranthum “ marginatum “ robustum Solanum Warscewiczii Tupidanthus calyptratus Uhdea bipinnatifida Verbesina gigantea Wigandia macrophylla “ Vigieri Zea Mays “ “ variegata

_A Selection of hardy Plants suited for isolation on the turf of the Flower-garden and Pleasure-ground._

Acanthus latifolius “ longifolius “ mollis “ spinosissimus “ spinosus Aralia canescens “ japonica “ spinosa Astilbe rivularis Arundo conspicua “ Donax “ “ versicolor Bambusa (in var.) Bocconia cordata Canna (hardier kinds) Crambe cordifolia Datisca cannabina Dracæna indivisa (in the southern counties of England and Ireland) Echinops ruthenicus Elymus arenarius “ condensatus Eryngium alpinum Eryngium amethystinum Ferula (any kinds) Gynerium argenteum Gunnera scabra Helianthus orgyalis Hemerocallis flava “ fulva and others Heracleum eminens Melianthus major Molopospermum cicutarium Morina longifolia Osmunda regalis Phormium tenax Phytolacca decandra Poa fertilis Polygonum cuspidatum Rheum Emodi (and other species and varieties) Statice latifolia Stipa pennata Tritoma (any kind) Yucca (any kind)

_A Selection of Plants useful for the open air in summer and for embellishing the conservatory in winter._

Agave americana and vars. and other greenhouse species Brexia madagascariensis Chamærops excelsa “ Fortunei “ humilis “ Palmetto Cordyline indivisa Cycas revoluta Dracæna australis “ cannæfolia “ Draco “ indivisa, and most of the other greenhouse kinds Echeveria metallica Ficus Chauvieri “ elastica Jubæa spectabilis Monstera deliciosa Musa Ensete Phormium tenax, and vars. Phœnix dactylifera and other greenhouse species Seaforthia elegans Tupidanthus calyptratus Yucca aloïfolia variegata, and vars. Araucaria Bidwillii “ Cookii “ excelsa “ Rulei Areca sapida Caryota urens “ sobolifera Corypha australis Latania borbonica Woodwardias Half-hardy Palms, in var.

_A Selection of hardy Plants of vigorous habit and distinct character suited for planting in semi-wild places in pleasure-grounds or near wood-walks._

Acanthus, in var. Aralia canescens “ edulis “ nudicaulis Aralia spinosa Arum Dracunculus Asclepias Cornuti Asparagus Broussoneti Astilbe rivularis “ rubra Arundo Donax “ “ versicolor “ Phragmites Bambusa falcata Bocconia cordata Buphthalmum speciosum Carex pendula “ paniculata Carduus eriophorus Centaurea babylonica Crambe cordifolia “ juncea Cucumis perennis Datisca cannabina Dipsacus sylvestris Echinops ruthenicus Elymus arenarius Erianthus Ravennæ Eryngium alpinum “ amethystinum Ferulas, in var. Gunnera scabra Helianthus orgyalis “ Maximiliani “ lætiflorus “ occidentalis “ rigidus “ multiflorus “ “ fl. pl. Inula Helenium Hemerocallis fulva Heracleum, in var. Lavatera arborea “ thuringiaca “ unguiculata Hibiscus moscheutos “ palustris “ roseus Althæa, in var. Ligularia macrophylla Molopospermum cicutarium Morina longifolia Mulgedium alpinum “ Plumieri Onopordon Acanthium Pæonia, in var. Panicum bulbosum Papaver bracteatum “ orientale Petasites vulgaris Phytolacca decandra Poa aquatica Polygonatum multiflorum Polygonum cuspidatum Rhaponticum cynaroides “ pulchrum “ scariosum Rheum, in variety. Rumex Hydrolapathum Silphium, in var. Silybum eburneum “ marianum Spiræa Aruncus Statice latifolia Tanacetum vulgare crispum Thalictrum, in var. Tritoma, in var. Veratrum album Verbascum, in var. Yucca, in var. Cynara Scolymus Vernonia noveboracensis Verbesina persicifolia Rudbeckia digitata “ laciniata “ californica

_A Selection of kinds that will best withstand wind._

Acacia Julibrissin “ lophantha Acanthus (all the kinds) Agave americana Ailantus glandulosa Aralia canescens “ japonica “ spinosa Artemisia annua “ gracilis Arundo conspicua “ Donax Astilbe rivularis Bambusa falcata Canna (in variety) Carlina acaulis Crambe cordifolia Cycas revoluta Datisca cannabina Dracæna indivisa Echinops ruthenicus Elymus arenarius Eryngium (in variety) Ferula (in variety) Ficus elastica Gynerium argenteum Kochia scoparia Meum athamanticum Molopospermum cicutarium Osmunda regalis Panicum bulbosum “ virgatum Phormium tenax Phytolacca decandra Poa fertilis Polygonum cuspidatum Rheum Emodi Ricinus (in var.) Tritoma (in var.) Yucca (in var.)

_Subtropical Plants to raise from seed._

Abutilon (in var.) Acacia lophantha “ Julibrissin Acanthus, in var. Amarantus, in var. Aralia nudicaulis “ papyrifera “ japonica “ spinosa Artemisia annua “ gracilis Bocconia cordata “ frutescens Calla æthiopica Canna, in var. Cannabis sativa Baptisia australis “ exaltata Beta cicla chilensis Brassica oleracea crispa Carduus eriophorus Cassia marilandica Centaurea, in var. Cineraria acanthifolia “ maritima “ platanifolia Chamæpeuce Cassabonæ “ diacantha Crambe cordifolia Cyperus longus Dahlia imperialis Datura ceratocaula Datisca cannabina Dracæna, in var. Echeveria metallica Echinops ruthenicus Dipsacus sylvestris Erianthus Ravennæ Erythrina, in var. Eryngium alpinum “ amethystinum Ferdinanda eminens Ferula, in var. Astilbe rivularis “ rubra Galega officinalis Gynerium argenteum Gunnera scabra Geranium anemonæfolium Hedychium Gardnerianum Helianthus orgyalis Heracleum, in var. Humea elegans Inula Helenium Kochia scoparia Gourds Latania borbonica Lavatera arborea Lobelia Tupa Malva crispa Melanoselinum decipiens Melianthus major “ minor Meum athamanticum Mulgedium alpinum “ Plumieri Musa Ensete Nicotiana, in var. Onopordon Acanthium Panicum bulbosum “ capillare “ virgatum Papaver bracteatum Phormium tenax Phytolacca decandra Polymnia grandis Rhaponticum cynaroides “ pulchrum Rheum, in var. Ricinus, in var. Salvia argentea Seaforthia elegans Silphium, in var. Silybum eburneum “ marianum Solanum, in var. Statice latifolia Stipa pennata Thalia dealbata Thalictrum minus Uhdea bipinnatifida “ pyramidata Verbascum Chaixii Verbesina gigantea Wigandia macrophylla “ urens “ Vigieri Zea, in var. Arundo conspicua

_A Selection of annual and biennial Plants useful for the Subtropical garden._

[In this list annual plants grown for the beauty of the flower only are usually omitted.]

Adlumia cirrhosa Amarantus, in var. Argemone grandiflora Artemisia annua Artemisia gracilis Atriplex hortensis ruber Cannabis gigantea “ sativa, and vars. Chamæpeuce diacantha “ Cassabonæ Chenopodium Atriplicis Cosmos, in var. Gourds, in var. Euphorbia variegata Glaucium, in var. Helianthus argyrophyllus Kochia scoparia Martynia lutea Nicotiana Tabacum “ virginica Ricinus, in var. Solanum erythrocarpum Solanum Fontanesianum “ racemigerum Tagetes tenuifolia Silybum eburneum “ marianum Chilian beet Brassica oleracea crispa Dipsacus sylvestris Heracleum, in var. Malva crispa Onopordon Acanthium “ tauricum Zea, in var.

_A selection of Flowers of various classes for association with Subtropical Plants._

[In this selection the dwarfer bedding-plants, etc., are omitted. Those selected are chiefly such as would bear more intimate association with fine-foliaged plants.]

Alstræmeria, in var. Amaryllis Belladonna, and vars. Gladioli, in great variety Sparaxis pulcherrima Lilium, in great variety Agapanthus umbellatus, in the milder districts Arum crinitum Arum Dracunculus Asclepias Cornuti “ Douglasii “ tuberosa Calla æthiopica Crinum capense “ “ roseum Erythrina, in var. Funkia grandiflora Pancratium illyricum “ maritimum Tropæolum speciosum Acanthus longifolius Achillea Eupatorium “ Millefolium roseum Aconitum, in var. Ammobium alatum Anchusa italica Anemone japonica, and vars. “ vitifolia Antirrhinum, fine vars. Asphodelus luteus “ ramosus Aster turbinellus “ pyrenæus “ discolor “ ericoides “ Novæ Angliæ “ Novi Belgii “ coccineus “ Amellus “ lævis, and any other tall and ornamental kinds Campanula pyramidalis “ persicifolia, and vars. “ latifolia “ macrantha Coreopsis lanceolata Crambe cordifolia Delphinium, in great var. Dictamnus Fraxinella Digitalis purpurea, in var. Echinops ruthenicus, and any other showy species Epilobium angustifolium “ “ album Stenactis speciosa Erodium Manescavi Eryngium alpinum “ amethystinum, and other species Eupatorium ageratoides “ purpureum Gaillardia, in var. Galega officinalis Hedysarum coronarium Helenium atropurpureum Helianthus multiflorus fl. pl. Hemerocallis flava “ fulva “ disticha fl. pl., and others Hesperis matronalis, fl. pl. Iris pallida “ De Bergii “ ochroleuca “ germanica, in var. and any other large kind. Flowering early, they should be associated chiefly with hardy subjects Lathyrus latifolius, and vars. “ grandiflorus “ tuberosus Liatris, in var. Lobella Tupa, on well-drained, deep, and light soils. Tall herbaceous kinds in great variety Lupinus polyphyllus, and vars. Largest annual kinds Lychnis coronaria, in var. Lythrum roseum superbum “ virgatum Michauxia campanuloides Mirabilis Jalapa, in var. Monarda, in var. Morina longiflora Œnothera, all the tall kinds Pæonia, in great var. Poppy, in var. Pentstemon, in var. Phlomis Herba-venti “ tuberosa “ Russelliana Phlox, taller kinds, in great variety Phygelius capensis, in warm districts Polygonatum multiflorum, with Ferulas and other hardy things Polygonum orientale Potentilla, larger kinds in var. Pyrethrum, choice double and single kinds in great var. “ uliginosum Rudbeckia Newmanni “ hirta Salvia patens Saxifraga crassifolia Schizostylis coccinea Scabiosa caucasica Scilla peruviana Sedum spectabile “ “ purpureum Spiræa palmata “ venusta Statice latifolia Stokesia cyanea, on warm soils in the south Symphytum bohemicum “ caucasicum Thermopsis fabacea Tradescantia virginica, and its varieties Tigridia Pavonia, and other kinds Tritoma, all the kinds Trollius napellifolius “ asiaticus, and others Veronica, any tall herbaceous kinds, and in southern and mild districts the varieties of the evergreen New Zealand species Vinca major, on the fringes of beds or groups of hardy kinds Hollyhock, in var. Dahlia, show, fancy, pompone, and bedding vars. Verbascum Thapsus “ Chaixii Baptisia australis Vernonia noveboracensis Fuchsia, in var. Datura ceratocaula Abutilon, in var. Ageratum, in var. Petunia, in var. Chrysanthemum, early-flowering kinds Amarantus, in var. Argemone grandiflora Calliopsis, in var. Cosmos bipinnatus purpureus Echinacea angustifolia “ atropurpurea Hibiscus, any of the perennial American kinds Malope, in var. Matthiola, in var. Scabiosa atropurpurea, in var. French and African marigolds Xeranthemum annuum, and vars. Zinnia, in great variety China aster, in var. Brugmansia sanguinea

_List of Plants for forming mixtures and carpets beneath Subtropical Plants._

Abronia umbellata Acroclinium roseum Ageratum mexicanum, and vars. Alyssum maritimum Anagallis indica Athanasia, in var. Brachycome iberidifolia Calandrinia discolor Calliopsis Drummondi “ tinctoria China aster, in var. Centaurea Centranthus macrosiphon Clarkia, in var. Clintonia, in var. Collinsia, in var. Convolvulus tricolor Erysimum Peroffskianum Eschscholtzia, in var. Eucharidium concinnum Eutoca viscida Gaillardia picta Gilia, in var. Godetia, in var. Gypsophila, annual kinds Iberis coronaria “ umbellata Ionopsidium acaule Lantana, in var. Leptosiphon, in var. Limnanthes Douglasii, in var. Linum grandiflorum Lobelia, the dwarf and annual kinds Lupinus affinis Mimulus, in var. Myosotis palustris “ dissitiflora “ sylvatica Nemesia versicolor Nemophila, in var. Nolana, in var. Omphalodes linifolia Oxalis corniculata atropurpurea Oxalis rosea Petunia, in var. Portulaca, in var. Mignonette Malcolmia maritima Rhodanthe Manglesii, and vars. Saponaria calabrica Schizanthus, in var. Silene pendula Sphenogyne speciosa Tropæolum, the bedding vars. Verbena, in var. Viola cornuta “ lutea “ odorata Viscaria oculata Whitlavia grandiflora Tradescantia zebrina Saxifraga, the mossy section Gnaphalium lanatum Panicum variegatum Lycopodium denticulatum

_Trees and Shrubs of remarkable foliage suited for the Subtropical garden._

[The trees of this Selection will for the most part display much greater beauty and size of foliage if kept in a dwarf simple-stemmed condition by being cut down every year. Conifers are, of course, excepted.]

Hydrangea quercifolia Comptonia asplenifolia “ Lindleyana Paulownia imperialis Acacia dealbata “ Julibrissin “ lophantha (These are only suited for warm parts of the southernmost counties) Ailantus glandulosa Aralia canescens “ japonica “ spinosa Bambusa falcata and others Berberis Bealii and others Chamærops excelsa Dracæna indivisa Gymnocladus canadensis Lavatera arborea Melianthus major Rhus glabra laciniata and others Yucca (in var.) Conifers (in var., small specimens of the most graceful kinds) Ampelopsis (climbers) Aristolochia Sipho (climber) Ficus Carica Fraxinus excelsior crispa Magnolia macrophylla Salisburia adiantifolia Hedera Regnieriana Carya alba “ olivæformis Catalpa syringæfolia Pterocarya caucasica Robinia hispida Rubus biflorus “ laciniatus Colletia (in var.) Gleditschia (young plants) Kœlreuteria paniculata Robinia Pseud-acacia umbraculifera Tamarix, in var. Vines (American species) Juglans cinerea “ regia “ “ laciniata

_A Selection of Conifers for association with flower-garden Plants._

Abies pygmæa Araucaria imbricata Arthrotaxus cupressoides (selaginoides) “ laxifolia Biotia cupressiformis “ nana “ orientalis elegantissima “ orientalis variegata aurea Cephalotaxus drupacea Chamæcyparis sphæroidea variegata “ sphæroidea viridis Cryptomeria elegans Cupressus Lawsoniana “ “ nana “ “ variegata “ “ erecta viridis Cupressus nutkaensis Dacrydium glaucum Juniperus chinensis “ “ variegata “ excelsa stricta “ fragrans “ hibernica “ tamariscifolia “ “ variegata “ virginiana viridis pendula Retinospora ericoides “ leptoclada “ lycopodiodes “ obtusa “ “ aurea “ “ compacta “ pisifera “ “ alba variegata “ “ aurea Taxus baccata elegantissima “ “ variegata Thuja aurea Thuja gigantea “ nana Thujopsis dolabrata “ lætevirens

_Conifers most suited for the surroundings of the flower-garden and pleasure-ground--kinds which, though noble and graceful as can be in many instances, are yet too large for anything but the framing of the picture, so to speak._

Abies Douglasii “ Engelmanni “ Menziesii inverta “ Hookeriana “ orientalis Cephalotaxus Fortunei Juniperus virginiana glauca “ “ thurifera Libocedrus tetragona Picea amabilis (magnifica) “ nobilis “ Nordmanniana Picea Parsonsi “ Pinsapo Pinus Cembra “ monticola “ insignis (where it thrives) Sciadopitys verticillata Thuja gigantea (true) “ plicata “ pyramidalis Thujopsis Standishii Sequoia gigantea “ sempervirens

_A Selection of Gourds._

Amongst the most beautiful are the Turk’s Cap varieties, such as Grand Mogul, Pasha of Egypt, Viceroy, Empress, Bishop’s Hat, etc; the Serpent Gourd, Gooseberry Gourd, Hercules’ Club, Gorilla, St. Aignan, Mons. Fould, Siphon, Half-moon, Giant’s Punchbowl, and the Mammoth, weighing from 170lb. to upwards of 200lb.; while amongst the miniature varieties the Fig, Cricket-ball, Thumb, Cherry, Striped Custard, Hen’s-egg, Pear, Bottle, Orange, Plover’s-egg, etc., are very pretty examples, and very serviceable for filling vases, etc. All these are well adapted to the climate of England, and there are many others equally suitable--a fact sufficiently indicated in one collection shown by Mr. W. Young, which consisted of 500 varieties, all English grown, the greater number of which were sown where grown, and came to maturity without the assistance of glass or any other protection. The ground being manured and dug one spit deep, the seed was sown the second week in May, and from first to last many of the plants had no water supplied to them through the season. Others, by way of experiment, had it in various quantities--the more water was given, the larger, the freer, and the better the produce. Sowing in a frame at the end of April, and exposing them to the free air during the day so as to prevent them being drawn, and then removing the frame altogether to harden them off before planting out, would be the best way to secure an early growth of gourds. Sowing in the open ground under hand-lights would also do, but not so well.

_Ornamental Grasses._

Agrostis nebulosa Arundo conspicua “ Donax “ “ versicolor “ festucoides “ Phragmites Bambusa, in var. Elymus arenarius “ condensatus Erianthus Ravennæ Gynerium argenteum, and its vars. Calamagrostis argentea Poa aquatica “ fertilis Saccharum ægyptiacum “ cylindricum “ Maddenii Stipa pennata Zea Mays Andropogon argenteus “ bombycinus “ formosus “ Sorghum “ strictus “ squarrosus Chloropsis Blanchardiana Gymnothrix latifolia Holcus saccharatus Erianthus strictus “ violascens Chloris myriostachys Panicum bulbosum “ altissimum “ capillare “ miliaceum “ virgatum “ maximum “ palmifolium “ gongyloides Panicum violaceum Penicillaria spicata Sorghum cernuum “ halepense “ melanocarpum “ nankinense “ tataricum Tripsacum monostachyum “ dactyloides Milium nigricans “ multiflorum “ effusum Bromus brizopyroides Briza gracilis “ geniculata “ maxima “ rufiberbis Hordeum jubatum Pennisetum longistylum Piptatherum multiflorum Agrostis spica-venti Setaria germanica Stipa capillata Chascolytrum erectum Leptochloa gracilis Agrostis Steveni Echinochloa Zenkowski Paspalum elegans

_List of Ferns that may be grown with advantage away from the fernery proper._

[Even should any of these thrive better in shade, it is usually easy to secure this for them in groups by wood-walks.]

Adiantum pedatum Asplenium Filix-fœmina and vars. Dennstœdtia punctilobula Diplazium thelypteroides Lastrea Filix-mas and vars. “ Goldieana “ “ assurgens intermedia “ marginalis “ noveboracensis “ atrata “ erythrosora “ opaca “ Standishii Lomaria magellanica, in warm shady places Onoclea sensibilis Osmunda cinnamomea “ Claytoniana “ gracilis “ regalis Osmunda regalis cristata “ spectabilis Polypodium hexagonopterum Polypodium Phegopteris Polystichum acrostichoides “ aculeatum “ angulare “ vestitum venustum Pteris aquilina Scolopendrium vulgare and vars. Struthiopteris germanica “ pennsylvanica Woodwardia areolata “ aspera “ japonica “ orientalis “ radicans Cyrtomium caryotideum “ falcatum

_List of hardy aquatics and bog-plants of bold and distinct habit suitable for grouping on the margins of lakes, etc._

Nuphar lutea “ advena “ pumila Nymphæa alba “ odorata Menyanthes trifoliata Equisetum Telmateia Rumex Hydrolapathum Typha angustifolia “ latifolia Carex pendula “ paniculata “ Pseudocyperus Scirpus lacustris Butomus umbellatus Poa aquatica Arundo Phragmites Cyperus longus Cladium Mariscus Pontederia cordata Acorus Calamus Iris Pseudacorus Alisma Plantago Orontium aquaticum Lysimachia thyrsiflora Lythrum Salicaria Epilobium hirsutum Calla æthiopica “ palustris Hippuris vulgaris

THE END.

LONDON: PRINTED BY WILLIAM CLOWES AND SONS, STAMFORD STREET AND CHARING CROSS.