The Stronghold: A Story of Historic Northern Neck of Virginia and Its People

PART I--_SEVENTEENTH CENTURY

Chapter 93,463 wordsPublic domain

INDIANS AND EARLY EXPLORERS

_Virginia, Its History and Antiquities_, published about 1840.

_Travels and Works of Capt. John Smith_, edited by Arber.

_The Life of Capt. John Smith_, by W. Gilmore Simms, 1846.

_History of Virginia_, by Mary Tucker Magill, 1888.

_History of Virginia_, by R. B. Smithey, 1898.

_A History of the United States_, by Franklin L. Riley, 1910.

CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH

_Travels and Works of Capt. John Smith_, edited by Arber.

_The Life of Capt. John Smith_, by W. Gilmore Simms, 1846.

_Arrival of the First Permanent English Settlers Jamestown_, by G. B. Coale, 1950.

POWHATAN'S EMPIRE

Bureau of American Ethnology, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D. C.

_Virginia, Its History and Antiquities_, 1840.

Beverley's _History of Virginia_.

_Virginia_, Virginia Writer's Project, 1940.

CAPTAIN SMITH VISITS THE NECK

_Travels and Works of Capt. John Smith_, edited by Arber.

_The Life of Capt. John Smith_, by W. Gilmore Simms, 1846.

_Virginia, Its History and Antiquities_, published about 1840.

"A PLAINE WILDERNES"

_Travels and Works of Capt. John Smith_, edited by Arber.

_Virginia, Its History and Antiquities_, published about 1840.

"WILD BEASTES"

_Travels and Works of Capt. John Smith_, edited by Arber.

Clayton's _Virginia_, p. 37, Force's _Historical Tracts_, Vol. III.

Writings of Ralph Hamor, William Strachey and other early writers.

"BIRDS TO VS UNKNOWNE"

_Travels and Works of Capt. John Smith_, edited by Arber.

_The Cradle of the Republic_, by Lyon G. Tyler.

_Economic History of Virginia in the 17th Century_, by P. A. Bruce, Vol. I.

Writings of: William Strachey, Thomas Hariot, Ralph Hamor, Robert Beverley, and other early writers.

THE NOMINIES

_Virginia_, Virginia Writers' Project, 1940.

Bureau of American Enthnology, Smithsonian Institution, Washington.

_Travels and Works of Capt. John Smith_, edited by Arber.

_Economic History of Virginia in the 17th Century_, by P. A. Bruce, Vol. I.

_Our Republic_, Riley, Chandler, Hamilton, 1910.

_History of Virginia_, Magill, 1888.

_Life of Capt. John Smith_, by W. Gilmore Simms, published 1846.

_Indians in Seventeenth-Century Virginia_, by Ben C. McCary, 1957.

THE DISCOVERERS

_Life of Capt. John Smith_, by W. Gilmore Simms, published 1846.

_Travels and Works of Capt. John Smith_, edited by Arber.

_Virginia, Its History and Antiquities_, published about 1840.

_History of Virginia_, by R. B. Smithey, published 1898.

THE RIVER OF SWANS

_Travels and Works of Capt. John Smith_, edited by Arber.

Writings of Dr. Walter Russell and Anas Todkill.

_Life of Capt. John Smith_, by W. Gilmore Simms, published 1846.

_Tidewater Virginia_, by Paul Wilstach, published 1929.

MOTHER OF WATERS

_Travels and Works of Capt. John Smith_, edited by Arber.

Writings of Dr. Walter Russell and Anas Todkill.

_Life of Capt. John Smith_, by W. Gilmore Simms, published 1846.

_Economic History of Virginia in the 17th Century_, by Bruce, Vol. I.

_Tobacco Coast_, by A. P. Middleton, Ph. D.

_Chesapeake Bay_, by M. V. Brewington.

"The Chesapeake's Million Years," by Harold A. Williams, in _Baltimore Sunday Magazine_, October 18, 1953.

_Tidewater Virginia_, by Paul Wilstach.

_The Bay_, by Gilbert Klingel.

QUICK-RISING-WATER

_Travels and Works of Capt. John Smith_, edited by Arber.

_Life of Capt. John Smith_, by W. Gilmore Simms, published 1846.

_Virginia_, Virginia Writers' Project, published 1940.

_Tidewater Virginia_, by Paul Wilstach.

HENRY AND POCAHONTAS

HENRY AND KING PATOWMEKE

HENRY'S RELATION

BETRAYED

Henry Spelman's _Relation of Virginia_, a manuscript first published in London, in 1872.

_Virginia Carolorum_, by Edward D. Neill, pp. 52-53.

_Life of Capt. John Smith_, by W. Gilmore Simms, published 1846.

_History of Virginia_, by Mary Tucker Magill, published 1888.

_Travels and Works of Capt. John Smith_, edited by Arber.

_Tidewater Virginia_, by Paul Wilstach, published 1929.

_Virginia, Its History and Antiquities_, published about 1840.

_Virginia_, Virginia Writers' Project, published 1940.

"The Virginia Indian Trade to 1673," by A. J. Morrison. _William & Mary College Quarterly_, 2nd Series, vi.

_The Genesis of the United States_, by Alexander Brown, Vol. 2, pp. 1020-1021.

_Howes' Abridgment._

_Observations of William Simmons_, Doctor of Divinity, 1609.

_Writings of William Box_, 1610.

_Narratives of Early Virginia_, by Lyon G. Tyler.

_Indians in Seventeenth-Century Virginia_, by Ben C. McCary, 1957.

KIDNAPPED

_Smith's Generall Historie_, Book IV.

_State Historical Markers of Virginia_, Sixth Edition, 1948, p. 16.

_Life of Capt. John Smith_, by W. Gilmore Simms, published 1846.

_History of Virginia_, by Mary Tucker Magill, published 1888.

THE INDIAN TRADER (_also_ FLEET'S POINT)

_Virginia Carolorum_, by Edward D. Neill, p. 238.

_Cavaliers and Pioneers_, by Nell M. Nugent.

"The Money of Colonial Virginia." _Virginia Magazine of History and Biography_, Vol. 51, pp. 36-54, January, 1943, by Mrs. Philip W. Hiden.

_The Story of Virginia's First Century_, by Mary Newton Stanard.

_Tidewater Virginia_, by Paul Wilstach.

_Chesapeake Bay_, by M. V. Brewington.

_Smith's Generall Historie_, Book IV.

Henry Fleet's _Relation_.

"The Virginia Indian Trade to 1673," by A. J. Morrison. _William & Mary College Quarterly_, 2nd Series, vi.

A PETITION

_Virginia Carolorum_, by Edward D. Neill, p. 289.

FROM NORTH OF THE POTOMAC

_Jamestown and St. Mary's, Buried Cities of Romance_, by H. C. Forman, 1938.

"The Virginia Indian Trade to 1673," by A. J. Morrison. _William & Mary College Quarterly_, 2nd Series, vi.

_Narratives of Early Virginia_, by Lyon G. Tyler.

_History of Virginia_, by R. B. Smithey, 1898.

_Our Republic_, by Riley, Chandler & Hamilton, 1910.

"Roving Maryland's Cavalier Country," by William A. Kinney. _The National Geographic Magazine_, April, 1954.

"History of Northumberland County," by Lillian Anderson Hatton Metcalfe. _Northern Neck Historical Magazine_, December, 1951.

"Maryland Influence in the Northern Neck," by Henry Wright Newman. _Northern Neck of Virginia Historical Magazine_, December, 1954.

THE FIRST SETTLER

"Mottrom," _William and Mary Quarterly_, Vol. 17, p. 53. Archives of Maryland, Vol. IV, p. 269.

York County Records (Shallop).

_Economic History of Virginia in the 17th Century_, Vol. I, by P. A. Bruce.

_Historic Dress in America, 1607-1800_, by Elizabeth McClellan.

_Tobacco Coast_, by Arthur Pierce Middleton, Ph.D., published 1953.

_Chesapeake Bay_, by M. V. Brewington, published 1953.

_Historic Northern Neck of Virginia_, by H. Ragland Eubank, published 1934.

_State Historical Markers of Virginia_, Sixth Edition, 1948, p. 180.

"A Little Tour of Northumberland County," by Thomas Lomax Hunter, (published in the _Richmond Times-Dispatch_, date unknown).

"Northumberland, Mother County," by Thomas Lomax Hunter, (published in the _Richmond Times-Dispatch_, date unknown).

"History of Northumberland County," (From 1648 to War of Revolution), by Lillian Anderson Hatton Metcalfe. _Northern Neck Historical Magazine_, Vol. I, December, 1951.

_History of Northumberland County_, by Miss Lucy Brown Beale. (Pageant)

"Old Northumberland," by Elwood Street. (An article in the _Richmond Times-Dispatch_, April 19, 1942.)

_Virginia Magazine_, X, (402).

Northumberland County Records.

_Tidewater Virginia_, by Paul Wilstach, published 1929.

COAN HALL

_Jamestown and St. Mary's, Buried Cities of Romance_, Henry C. Forman, p. 33, 1938.

The Holy Bible, Genesis 2: 8-10, 19.

"Log Cabin or Frame," by Janet Foster Newton. _Antiques Magazine_, Nov. 1944.

1953, Williamsburg Antiques Forum, Theme: "European Influence on American Craftsmanship"; "Architecture Up to the Time of the Revolution." Speaker, Dr. Richard H. Howland, Chairman of the Art Department of Johns Hopkins University.

_The Log Cabin Myth_, by Harold R. Shurtleff.

_The Homes of Our Ancestors_, by R. T. H. Halsey and Elizabeth Tower, 1937.

_A Treasury of Early American Homes_, by Richard Pratt, published 1946.

"Notes on Imported Brick," by Charles E. Peterson. _Antiques Mag._, July, 1952.

_Glassmaking at Jamestown_, by J. C. Harrington, published 1952.

"Roving Maryland's Cavalier Country," by William A. Kinney. _The National Geographic Magazine_, April, 1954.

_Cradle of the Republic_, by Lyon G. Tyler.

_Economic History of Virginia in the 17th Century_, by Philip A. Bruce.

_Social Life of Virginia in the 17th Century_, by Philip A. Bruce.

_Home Life in Colonial Days_, by Alice M. Earle.

"The Buttolph-Williams House," (In Wethersfield, Connecticut) by Frederic Palmer. _Antiques Magazine_, September, 1951.

"Hurstville," by Jennie Harding Cornelius, in _Northumberland Echo_, Heathsville, Va.

"Green Spring," by Leonora A. Wood, in _Richmond Times-Dispatch_, March 27, 1955.

Westmoreland County Records, 1661-1662.

"A Visit to Historic Old Marmion," by Joseph A. Billingsley, Jr., in _Richmond Times-Dispatch_, August 6, 1939.

NEIGHBORS

Maryland Archives (Vol. V: 204).

_The Homes of Our Ancestors_, by R. T. H. Halsey and Elizabeth Tower, 1937.

_Historic Northern Neck of Virginia_, by H. Ragland Eubank, 1934.

_Home Life in Colonial Days_, by Alice M. Earle.

_Economic History of Virginia in the 17th Century_, by Philip A. Bruce.

THE "KIDS"

_Virginia Carolorum_, by Edward D. Neill.

_George Washington_, Vol. I, by Dr. Douglas Southall Freeman.

_Diary of John Harrower_, (A journal by an indentured servant-teacher.)

"_Spirits_," from a treatise published in 1657, by Lionel Gatford, B. D., p. 278.

_Economic History of Virginia in the 17th Century_, by Philip A. Bruce.

INDIAN SERVANTS

_Economic History of Virginia in the 17th Century_, by Philip A. Bruce.

_William Presley_, by Miss Lucy Brown Beale.

MONEY

"The Money of Colonial Virginia," by Mrs. Philip W. Hiden. _Virginia Magazine of History and Biography._

Northumberland County Records.

_Old Virginia and Her Neighbors_, by John Fiske, Vol. I.

_Tobacco Coast_, by A. P. Middleton, 1953.

_James Madison_, by Brant, p. 413.

A PARADISE DISCOVERED

_Statutes at Large: Being a Collection of All the Laws of Virginia_, edited by William Waller Hening. Richmond, 1809. 1619-60.

_Jamestown and St. Mary's: Buried Cities of Romance_, by Henry Chandlee Forman, Baltimore, 1938. (The Johns Hopkins Press.)

A VISIT TO JAMESTOWN

_Jamestown and St. Mary's: Buried Cities of Romance_, by Henry Chandlee Forman, Baltimore, 1938. (The Johns Hopkins Press.)

_The Oldest Legislative Assembly in America and Its First Statehouse_, by Charles E. Hatch, Jr. Washington: 1943.

_The Cradle of the Republic, Jamestown and James River_, by Lyon G. Tyler, Richmond, Va., 1906. The Hermitage Press, Inc.

_Minutes of the Council and General Court of Virginia, 1622-1632, 1670-1676_, edited by H. R. McIlwaine, Richmond, 1924, pp. 497-498.

_Journals of the House of Burgesses of Virginia, 1619-1658-59_, edited by H. R. McIlwaine, Richmond, 1915, p. 36.

_Works of Capt. John Smith_, edited by Arber.

_Social Life of Virginia in the 17th Century_, by Philip A. Bruce.

_Historic Dress in America, 1607-1800_, by Elizabeth McClellan.

FRANCES

_Historic Northern Neck of Virginia_, by H. Ragland Eubank, 1934.

"Old Northumberland," by Elwood Street. (An article in the _Richmond Times-Dispatch_, April 19, 1942.)

Northumberland County Record Book, 1652-1665, p. 47. ("cow calfe")

_Historic Dress in America, 1607-1800_, by Elizabeth McClellan.

_Social Life of Virginia in the 17th Century_, by Philip A. Bruce.

_Economic History of Virginia in the 17th Century_, by Philip A. Bruce.

_Home Life in Colonial Days_, by Alice M. Earle.

_Child Life in Colonial Days_, by Alice M. Earle.

_The Homes of Our Ancestors_, by R. T. H. Halsey and Elizabeth Tower, 1937.

FOREVER LOST

Hening's _Statutes at Large_, 1619-60.

_Northern Neck Historical Magazine_, December 1951, p. 6.

URSULA

_William and Mary Quarterly_, Vol. 17, p. 53. (Archives of Md., Vol. IV, p. 269.)

_Social Life of Virginia in the 17th Century_, by P. A. Bruce.

_Home Life in Colonial Days_, by Alice M. Earle.

Northumberland County Records, 1655-56, 1657-58.

Maryland Archives, Vol. V: 204.

_Homes of Our Ancestors_, by Halsey and Tower, 1937.

Records of Lancaster Co., Orig. Vol., 1690-1709, p. 21. (Ref. to leather coverlet.)

Records of Lancaster Co., Orig. Vol., 1674-1687, p. 77. (Wardrobe of F. Pritchard.)

THE YARD

_George Washington_, Vol. I, by D. S. Freeman.

_Patrician and Plebeian in Virginia_, by T. J. Wertenbaker.

_Home Life in Colonial Days_, by Alice M. Earle.

Beverley's _History of the Present State of Virginia_.

KITTAMAQUND

_Genealogy of the Brent Family_, compiled by W. B. Chilton, Washington, D. C.

_Virginia Magazine of History & Biography_, V. 12, July, 1904-April, 1905.

(Relatio Itineris, _Father Andrew White, S. J._, pp. 74, 76 & 82.)

_Maryland Historical Magazine_, Vol. III, p. 30.

_Landmarks of Old Prince William_, p. 43.

_Maryland Council Proceedings_, Vol. 3, p. 403.

"Maryland Influence in the Northern Neck," by Harry Wright Newman, in _Northern Neck of Virginia Historical Magazine_, 1954.

THE GIFT

_The First Patent of the Proprietary._

_George Washington_, V. I, by D. S. Freeman.

_A History of the Valley of Virginia_, by Samuel Kercheval, 1833.

_Historic Dress in America, 1607-1800_, by Elizabeth McClellan.

_History of England_, by Charlotte M. Yonge, 1879.

_Our Republic_, by Riley, Chandler & Hamilton, 1910.

THE CAVALIERS

Smithey's _History of Virginia_, 1915.

_Tobacco Coast_, by A. P. Middleton, 1953; pp. 8, 15, 16.

_Cavaliers and Pioneers_, V. I, by N. M. Nugent, published 1934.

_The Story of Virginia's First Century_, by Mary N. Stanard, 1928.

_Old Virginia and Her Neighbours_, by John Fiske, 1897, V. I. & V. II.

_Patrician and Plebeian in Virginia_, by Thos. J. Wertenbaker, 1910.

_Social Life of Virginia in the 17th Century_, by P. A. Bruce, 1927.

_Virginia, Its History and Antiquities_, published about 1840.

_A History of the Valley of Virginia_, by Samuel Kercheval, 1833.

"Cavaliers of the Northern Neck in the 17th Century," by Dr. J. E. Monohan, in _Northern Neck of Virginia Historical Magazine_, 1953.

_Virginia, A History of the People_, by John Esten Cooke, 1883, p. 227.

_Historic Dress in America, 1607-1800_, by Elizabeth McClellan.

_George Washington_, V. I, by D. S. Freeman.

_William and Mary Quarterly_, V. 17, p. 196.

"Perfect Description of Virginia," Force's _Tracts_ II, No. viii.

Hammond's, _Leah and Rachel_.

"CHARLIE-OVER-THE-WATER"

_Life of General R. E. Lee_, by J. D. McCabe, Jr., 1866.

_The Lees of Virginia_, by Burton J. Hendrick, 1935. ("Introductio ad Latinam Blasoniam," by John Gibbon, 1629-1718. Lee's trip to Brussels.)

_Stratford Hall and the Lees_, by F. W. Alexander, 1912.

_Old Virginia and Her Neighbours_, John Fiske, 1897.

_Virginia Carolorum_, by E. D. Neill, 1886.

_George Washington_, V. I, by D. S. Freeman, pp. 452-453.

THE LEGACY

_Old Virginia and Her Neighbours_, V. II, p. 19, by John Fiske, 1897.

_Stratford Hall and the Lees_, by F. W. Alexander, 1912.

_The Lees of Virginia_, by Hendrick (B. J.).

_Life of General R. E. Lee_, by J. D. McCabe, Jr., 1866.

_Historic Northern Neck of Virginia_, by H. Ragland Eubank.

THE INDIAN DEED

_Barons of the Potomack and the Rappahannock_, by M. D. Conway.

_Tidewater Virginia_, by Paul Wilstach, p. 247.

_Historic Northern Neck of Virginia_, by H. Ragland Eubank, # 148.

A SUMMONS TO JAMESTOWN

Archives of Maryland, V. IV, 269.

_The Oldest Legislative Assembly in America and Its First Statehouse_, by Charles E. Hatch, Jr., Washington: 1943.

_Historic Northern Neck of Virginia_, by H. Ragland Eubank, 1934. (Northumberland County, Record Book, 1652-1665.)

_Virginia Carolorum_, by E. D. Neill, 1886.

_Virginia and Its Antiquities_, about 1840.

Magill's _History of Virginia_, 1888, p. 80.

"The Treaty of Jamestown, 1652," by W. H. Gaines, Jr., in _Virginia Cavalcade_, Spring, 1952.

THE OATH

"The Treaty of Jamestown, 1652," by W. H. Gaines, Jr., in _Virginia Cavalcade_, Spring, 1952.

"History of Northumberland County," by Lillian Anderson Hatton Metcalfe, _Northern Neck Historical Magazine_, December, 1951. (Northumberland Order Book, 1650-53.)

_Virginia's First Century_, by M. N. Stanard.

THE CHALLENGE

"Courthouses of Lancaster County, 1656-1950," Abstracted and Compiled from County Court Records by Elizabeth Combs Peirce, in _Northern Neck Historical Society Magazine_, December, 1951.

_Social Life of Virginia in the 17th Century_, by P. A. Bruce, pp. 250-252.

_Virginia Magazine of History and Biography_, V. II, p. 96.

_Patrician and Plebeian_, by T. J. Wertenbaker.

Lancaster County Records, V, 1652-56, p. 64.

TRADE

_Cradle of the Republic_, by Lyon G. Tyler.

_Old Virginia and Her Neighbours_, by John Fiske.

_Economic History of the 17th Century_, by P. A. Bruce.

Lancaster County Records, Original volume, 1654-1702.

Lancaster County Records, 1652-57.

_Orders of Wm. Fitzhugh._

Records of Lancaster County, Original volume, 1682-1687.

_Virginia Carolorum_, by E. D. Neill, 1886.

_Virginia and Its Antiquities_, p. 67.

JOHN CARTER

_Virginia's First Century_, by M. N. Stanard.

_The Chesapeake Bay Country_, by Sampson Earle.

_Robert Carter of Nomini Hall_, by Louis Morton, 1945.

_Journals of the House of Burgesses of Virginia_, edited by H. R. McIlwaine (1619-1658/59, p. 94).

_Economic History of Virginia_, by P. A. Bruce, V. II, p. 124.

"Old Virginia Bottles," by Walter J. Sparks, in _Richmond Times-Dispatch Sunday Magazine_, 1938.

FLEET'S POINT (_see_ chapter, The Indian Trader)

GEORGE MASON

_The Life of George Mason_, by Kate M. Rowland (1725-1792).

Westmoreland Court House Records, 1664.

_Virginia Carolorum_, by E. D. Neill, 1886, p, 344. From a MS. owned by the Virginia Historical Society.

Hening's _Statutes_, Vol. II (storehouse).

Hening's _Statutes_, Vol. III (boats).

Copy of an old paper of 1793, by Geo. Mason, of Lexington.

Westmoreland Court House and Virginia Land Registry Office (patent).

Hening's _Statutes_, Vol. II, 1661-2 (Indian trouble).

MARY CALVERT

Northumberland County Records, 1655.

"History of Northumberland County," by Lillian Anderson Hatton Metcalfe, in _Northern Neck Historical Magazine_, December 1951.

_The Story of Virginia's First Century_, by Mary Newton Stanard.

_Social Life of Virginia in the 17th Century_, by P. A. Bruce, 1927.

HE LIVED BRAVELY

_William and Mary Quarterly_, vol. 17, p. 53.

_Social Life of Virginia in the 17th Century_, by P. A. Bruce.

Surry County Records, vol. 1645-72, p. 246.

Lower Norfolk County Records, vol. 1686-95, f. p. 171.

York County Records, vol. 1675-84, p. 87.

Westmoreland County Records, vol. 1655-77, p. 186.

_Virginia Historical and Genealogical Magazine_, vol. X, p. 402.

_Historic Northern Neck of Virginia_, by H. Ragland Eubank, 1934.

Northumberland County Records, 1655-56.

_George Washington_, by D. S. Freeman (V. I, p. 4).

WITCHCRAFT

Northumberland County Records, 1656.

_A History of the Valley of Virginia_, by Samuel Kercheval, 1833, pp. 280-283.

_William and Mary College Quarterly_, vol. I, p. 127.

SEAHORSE OF LONDON

_Virginia Carolorum_ (1625-85), by E. D. Neill, 1886.

_George Washington_, Vol. I, by D. S. Freeman.

1 Westmoreland Deeds and Wills, 88.

Westmoreland County Records.

_Historic Northern Neck of Virginia_, by H. Ragland Eubank.

"TENN MULBERRY TREES"

_The Story of Virginia's First Century_, by Mary Newton Stanard.

_The Oldest Legislative Assembly in America and Its First Statehouse_, by Charles E. Hatch, Jr., Washington: 1943.

_Plants of Colonial Days_, by Raymond L. Taylor, pub. 1952, Williamsburg, Va.

_Child Life in Colonial Days_, by Alice M. Earle.

ROADS

_Old Virginia and Her Neighbours_, Vol. II, by John Fiske.

_The Mother of Washington and Her Times_, by Sara Pryor.

_George Washington_, Vol. I, by D. S. Freeman.

_Roads and Vehicles_, _William and Mary Quarterly_, vol. III, pp. 37-43.

_The Journal of Philip Vickers Fithian._

_Cavaliers and Pioneers_, by Nell M. Nugent, 1934.

MARKETS

Records, original volume 1652-1657, p. 214.

_Cradle of the Republic_, by Lyon G. Tyler.

_Virginia Carolorum_, by Edward D. Neill, 1886.

THE OLD DOMINION

Smithey's _History of Virginia_, published 1898.

_Young Folks History of England_, by Charlotte M. Yonge, published 1879.

_The Story of Virginia's First Century_, by Mary Newton Stanard.

Magill's _History of Virginia_, published 1888.

THE PROPRIETARY

_George Washington_, V. I, by D. S. Freeman.

_Economic History of Virginia in the 17th Century_, by P. A. Bruce.

_A History of the Valley of Virginia_, by Samuel Kercheval, published 1833.

A FIRST LADY OF JAMESTOWN

_The Story of Virginia's First Century_, by Mary Newton Stanard, p. 252.

_Virginia Magazine_, V. II, p. 33.

_New England Hist. and Gen. Reg._, Vol. XLV, p. 67.

_Virginia Magazine_, Vol. V, p. 257 (Anne Mottrom).

_Historic Northern Neck of Virginia_, by H. Ragland Eubank.

_George Washington_, Vol. I, by D. S. Freeman.

A collection of magazine and newspaper articles on early wedding customs.

_Historic Dress in America_, by Elizabeth McClellan.

"Cavaliers of the Northern Neck in the 17th Century," by Dr. John E. Monohan, in _Northern Neck of Virginia Historical Magazine_, December, 1953.

_Home Life in Colonial Days_, by Alice M. Earle.

Westmoreland County Records, Vol. 1665-77, folio p. 79 (Madam Spencer).

"Old Northumberland," by Elwood Street, in the _Richmond Times-Dispatch_, April 19, 1942.

PROCESSIONING

_Home Life in Colonial Days_, by Alice M. Earle.

_George Washington_, V. I, by Dr. Douglas S. Freeman.

_Barons of the Potomac and the Rappahannock_, by M. D. Conway.

_James Madison_, V. I, by Irving Brant, p. 44.

"THE BANQUETTING HOUSE"

9 Westmoreland Deeds and Wills, 344-45, March 30, 1670.

_Historic Northern Neck of Virginia_, by H. Ragland Eubank, Nos. 103, 106, 110, 112.

"The First Country Club in America," by Arnold Jones, in _Richmond Times-Dispatch_, 1953.

"A Mayflower Relic in Virginia," by Wm. M. E. Rachal, _Virginia Cavalcade_, Autumn, 1952.

_Virginia Carolorum_, by Edward D. Neill.

Maryland Archives, IV, 109, March 21, 1639.

_Buried Cities, Jamestown and St. Mary's_, by Henry Chandlee Forman.

_The Lees of Virginia_, by B. J. Hendrick.

"Revolutionary Suffragists," by Elizabeth Dabney Coleman, in _Virginia Cavalcade_, Autumn, 1953.

THE LAND AGENT

Westmoreland Orders, 1676-89, p. 529.

"Land Agents in Virginia," by G. H. S. King, in _Northern Neck of Virginia Historical Magazine_, December, 1954.

_George Washington_, Vol. I, D. S. Freeman, p. 458.

_Economic History of Virginia in the 17th Century_, by P. A. Bruce.

HANNA AND THE HORSESHOE

Northumberland County Records, 1671.

_William and Mary College Quarterly_, Vol. 17, pp. 247-48.

_A History of the Valley of Virginia_, by Samuel Kercheval, 1833, pp. 280-83.

_Historic Dress in America, 1607-1800_, by Elizabeth McClellan.

MUSTER

Virginia County Records, 1689.

_Virginia Historical Magazine_, 1904-06, p. 191.

Minutes of the House of Burgesses, Sept. 30, 1696, B. T. Va., L 11.

_Social Life of Virginia in the 17th Century_, by P. A. Bruce.

_Pirates and Buccaneers of the Atlantic Coast_, by E. R. Snow.

_Pirates of Colonial Virginia_, by Lloyd H. Williams.

THE STORE

_Virginia and Her Neighbours_, Vol. II, p. 213, by John Fiske.

_Virginia Carolorum_, by Edward D. Neill, 1886.

_Historic Dress in America_, by Elizabeth McClellan.

THE WOLF-DRIVE

Northumberland County Records, Orders, September 16, 1691.

Clayton's _Virginia_.

_Social Life of Virginia in the 17th Century_, by P. A. Bruce.

Force's _Historical Tracts_, Vol. III.

_Works of Capt. John Smith_, edited by Arber, p. 60.

Beverley's _History of Virginia_.

Lancaster Court Records: 1677.

Northumberland County Record Book, 1666-78, p. 107.

_The Chesapeake Bay Country_, by Sampson Earle (McDonald Lee).

THE INDIANS AND ROBERT HEN

_A History of the Valley of Virginia_, by Samuel Kercheval, pp. 18-34.

_The Story of Virginia's First Century_, by Mary N. Stanard.

_George Washington_, Vol. I, by D. S. Freeman.

_Virginia Carolorum_, by Edward D. Neill, pp. 347-49.

_Virginia and Her Neighbours_, Vol. II, by John Fiske.

Spencer ii, 61, 80, 89, 111.

_Descendants of Coll: Giles Brent_, by Chester Horton Brent, 1946.

Force's _Tracts_, Vol. I, tract viii.

_The Life of George Mason_, by Kate M. Rowland.

THE ROYAL CAVALCADE and THE KING OF THE NORTHERN NECK

_Robert Carter of Nomini Hall_, by Louis Morton, Williamsburg, 1945.

_Historic Northern Neck of Virginia_, by H. Ragland Eubank.

_The Chesapeake Bay Country_, by Sampson Earle.

"Colonel Robert (King) Carter," by Samuel Bemiss, in _Northern Neck of Virginia Historical Magazine_, 1953.

"The Fruits of His Labor," by Samuel Bemiss, in _Virginia Cavalcade_, 1953.

_Old Churches and Families of Virginia_, by Meade, V. II, p. 116.

_George Washington_, V. I, by D. S. Freeman.

_King Carter, the Man_, by James Wharton.

KITH AND KIN

_Robert Carter of Nomini Hall_, by Louis Morton.

_Historic Northern Neck of Virginia_, by H. Ragland Eubank.

_King Carter, the Man_, by James Wharton.

_Tidewater Virginia_, by Paul Wilstach.

_Baron of the Potomac and the Rappahannock_, by M. D. Conway.

THE FIELDINGS

_Virginia Historical Magazine_, V. 12, pp. 98, 101, 215.

_Robert Carter of Nomini Hall_, by Louis Morton, p. 64.

PIRATES

"Pursuits of a Pirate," by Wm. H. Gaines, Jr., _Virginia Cavalcade_, Autumn, 1952.

"Treasure Trove," in _News from Home_, Autumn, 1955.

_Pirates of Colonial Virginia_, by Lloyd Haynes Williams, published 1937.

_Tobacco Coast_, by Arthur Pierce Middleton, Ph.D., 1953.

_Chesapeake Bay_, by M. V. Brewington, 1953, p. 198.

_Virginia Carolorum_, by Edward D. Neill.

_The Mother of Washington and Her Times_, by Sara Pryor.

_Old Virginia and Her Neighbours_, V. II, by John Fiske, p. 338.

_Pirates and Buccaneers of the Atlantic Coast_, by Edward Rowe Snow.

Records of Middlesex County, original volume, 1679-1694, p. 472.

CHRISTMAS AT COLONEL FITZHUGH'S

_Description de la Virginie & Marilan dans L'Amerique_, by Durand Du Dauphine.

INDIAN VISITORS

_Description de la Virginie & Marilan dans L'Amerique_, by Durand Du Dauphine.

HORSE RACING

_The Social Life of Virginia in the 17th Century_, by P. A. Bruce.

Minutes of House of Burgesses, Sept. 30, 1696. B. T., Va., Vol. LII.

_Virginia Magazine of History and Biography_, Vol. VIII, p. 130.

Northumberland County Records, Orders, January 17, 1693-4.

Northumberland County Records, Orders, August 22, 1695.

Westmoreland County Records, Vol. 1665-77, folio p. 211.

Westmoreland County Orders, January 11, 1687-8.

Westmoreland County Records, Orders, April 7, 1693.

Northumberland Orders of August 22, 1695.

MANUFACTURE

_Home Life in Colonial Days_, by Alice M. Earle.

Lancaster County Records, 1654-1702; 1674-78; 1690-1709.

Letters of Wm. Fitzhugh.

_Virginia Carolorum_, by Edward D. Neill.

Hening's _Statutes_, 1, 336, 337.

THE POTOMAC RANGERS

Hening's _Statutes_, Vol. II.

_The Life of George Mason_, Vol. I, by K. M. Rowland.

_Virginia Calendar Papers_, Vol. I, pp. 44, 60.

_Ibid._, p. xlvi.

_James Madison_, Vol. I, by Irving Brant, pp. 408-09.