The Story of the Great War, Volume 8 Victory with the Allies; Armistice; Peace Congress; Canada's War Organizations and vast War Industries; Canadian Battles Overseas

CHAPTER XXVII

Chapter 5919,988 wordsPublic domain

SUCCOR AND SOLACE

Primarily the Canadian Red Cross Society set out to augment the work of the military establishment in caring for the sick and wounded. It acted as a voluntary auxiliary organization to the Canadian Army Medical Corps, and as such furnished all manner of comforts, over and above the supplies issued by the Government, to military hospitals and other units. It also held itself in readiness to assist the Medical Service in times of emergency by providing at a moment's notice any supplies which might be needed.

But its help was not confined to Canadians only. British and French institutions were assisted. The needs of the civil population whom the enemy had driven from French and Belgian areas were not overlooked. Old and feeble men and women, suffering mothers and emaciated children, whom the Germans had deprived of the necessities of life, were among the afflicted who were comforted by its timely succor and sympathy. It took care not only of the wounded and sick, but of the tired and weary. The Canadian prisoners of war were among its beneficiaries, as well as the refugees in the devastated areas of Europe, who needed assistance, especially clothing, in becoming repatriated after being freed of the German oppressor. Thus were many lives saved, breakdowns averted, much discomfort removed, and much suffering relieved by the aid of the Canadian Red Cross.

The society had eight Provincial centers in Canada, and about 1,200 local branches, and these formed its home organization. It collected $7,771,083 in money, and gifts to the value of more than $13,500,000.

Its overseas organization at first was of modest dimensions. One warehouse with unpretentious headquarters in France sufficed in November, 1916, and there was only one Canadian hospital to supply in the early months of August, 1915. Then the organization, like everything else produced by the war, rapidly developed and became far-reaching in its scope.

The French were early recipients of Canadian bounty through the Red Cross. Money and hospital supplies went from the Dominion to the French sick and wounded, and a depot was opened in Paris for receiving and distributing Canadian supplies to French hospitals. This was merely a beginning of the practical sympathy Canada was eager to show to France. The Red Cross subscribed upward of $100,000 for various French war charities. It presented a hospital to France located at Joinville-le-Pont, Vincennes, at a cost of $370,000, equipped with medical supplies and staffed by Canadian surgeons and nurses, and provided a service of motor lorries and motor ambulances for the benefit of other French hospitals.

Money and supplies were bestowed on other Allied countries. The total grants made to the various Allies, including France, amounted to more than $500,000. Substantial help, embracing 21,000 cases of supplies, was also furnished to the Belgian, Italian, Russian, Serbian, and Rumanian Red Cross societies and to the Wounded Allies Relief Fund.

A glimpse of the activities of the Canadian Red Cross is afforded by these extracts from the record of its principal work overseas during the war period:

1914--Canadian Red Cross supplies given to the following hospitals in France: Two casualty clearing stations with 200 beds each; four stationary hospitals with 200 beds each; four general hospitals with 1,040 beds each; six field ambulances with 50 beds each; and in England, the opening of the Duchess of Connaught Red Cross Hospital with 1,000 beds, besides the sending of comforts to Canadians in other hospitals.

1915-16--Assistance given to the Canadian Army Medical Corps in England on behalf of 16,000 to 18,000 sick and wounded Canadians monthly.

Aid given in the erection and equipping of huts and other buildings for five Canadian hospitals in England and five in France.

Recreation huts erected, equipped, and maintained in the Canadian hut hospitals.

1916-17--Assistance given in France to five general and three stationary hospitals, four casualty clearing stations, thirteen field ambulances, and fourteen small hospitals attached to forestry, tunneling and other companies.

Comforts distributed to 20,000 sick and wounded Canadians throughout Great Britain and to 21 Canadian and 130 British hospitals.

The transfer to the military authorities of four hospitals in England opened by the Canadian Red Cross Society.

1918--Opening of Canadian Rest Homes for nurses and officers' hospitals in England.

The society had its fount and inspiration in Canada and its supply clearing houses, stores, and hospitals in England. In France it maintained an advance supply store at the Canadian Corps headquarters, whence its special transports carried what was needed to the fighting front, and, to facilitate the distribution, stores were also attached to every Canadian hospital. It built large recreation huts as annexes to the Canadian general and stationary hospitals, as well as special wards for pulmonary cases. It supplied Christmas gifts to all Canadian soldiers in every hospital in France. It furnished musical instruments for hospital orchestras, provided special furniture and fittings where required, and opened a Canadian Rest House at Boulogne for nursing sisters passing through, which afforded repose and shelter to 6,859 nurses.

As a source of field supplies, the Canadian Red Cross was a dependable dispenser which the military hospitals, dressing stations, and regimental aid posts always turned to for their requirements, knowing that what they needed was not only waiting to be forwarded at the first call for help, but would frequently be sent in anticipation of the need. When a severe action was in progress the Red Cross always had on hand the articles for which there was a constant demand by field ambulances and aid posts, such as dressings, special foods, instruments, socks, scissors, chocolate, pajamas, and even comfort bags into which wounded men put their small personal comforts. Even before troops entered the trenches their needs were considered, the battalion medical officers receiving a parcel of comforts from the Red Cross advance store.

A notable feature of the hospital work was in gratifying the desires of Canadian patients who asked for various articles they needed. Nearly half a million parcels were sent to every hospital which cared for wounded Canadians in the course of the war. The parcels contained, among other articles, toilet requisites, cigarettes, stationery, games, books, sweets, fruit, and materials for work. It needed wholesale purchasing to supply this demand. Cigarettes in millions were bought, not to speak of eight tons of tobacco, 40,000 shaving brushes, five tons of fruit drops, and ten tons of eating chocolate. Those in hospital who were homesick were cheered by the arrival monthly of seventy-nine sacks of Canadian newspapers.

Thus the Canadian soldier received tangible evidence that the people at home were ever giving and working in order that he might not be denied comforts in his need. Whether he was in action, or in a hospital at the base, or in England, or returning to his reserve unit, or taking his discharge on his native soil, he was the recipient of benefits from the Canadian Red Cross, though he might not always be aware of the tireless role it undertook as his good angel.

1. AWARDS OF THE VICTORIA CROSS (V.C.) FOR CONSPICUOUS BRAVERY INSTITUTED JANUARY 29, 1856

CHRONOLOGY OF THE WORLD WAR

1914

June 28. Archduke Francis Ferdinand assassinated at Sarajevo, Bosnia.

July 23. Austria presented an ultimatum to Serbia.

July 28. Austria declared war on Serbia.

July 30. Austrians bombarded Belgrade, and Russia began mobilization.

July 30. Germany made demand for the cessation of Russian mobilization.

August 1. Germany declared war upon Russia, and France declared mobilization. Italy notified Germany that she would remain neutral.

August 2. German troops entered the duchy of Luxemburg, and German forces appeared before Liege, Belgium. Belgium refused the passage of German troops through its territory.

August 3. The German Ambassador to Paris demanded his passports and the French Ambassador to Berlin was recalled. War was declared between France and Germany. German troops invaded Belgium.

August 4. Great Britain declared war on Germany, and the House of Commons voted a war credit of $525,000,000. Germany notified Belgium of the existence of a state of war between the two countries. The United States proclaimed its neutrality.

August 5. The Germans attacked Liege. Earl Kitchener was appointed British Secretary of State for War.

August 6. Austria-Hungary declared war upon Russia, and the English Parliament voted an additional $500,000,000.

August 8. British troops landed in Belgium. Portugal declared herself an ally of Great Britain. French troops entered Alsace-Lorraine. French and German troops met in their first clash in the Vosges.

August 10. France declared war on Austria-Hungary.

August 12. Great Britain declared war on Austria-Hungary. The Germans were temporarily repulsed at Haelen.

August 13. Japan sent an ultimatum to Germany.

August 16. German cavalry appeared before Brussels.

August 18. The Belgian Government left Brussels for Antwerp.

August 20. The Germans, unopposed, entered Brussels.

August 22. Namur was besieged by the Germans.

August 23. The Emperor of China declared war upon Germany.

August 23. The Great Retreat of the English and French armies from Mons began.

August 27. Namur was captured by the Germans. The _Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse_, formerly North German Lloyd liner, was sunk off the west African coast by the British cruiser _Highflyer_.

August 30. The Allied forces continued to retire in the direction of Paris.

September 3. The French Government moved from Paris to Bordeaux.

September 6. The Germans reached the high tide of invasion in France.

September 12. The Germans continued their retreat from the Marne.

September 14. Germans reached the Aisne and the Allied armies attempted to cross, in the face of bitter resistance.

September 14. The Allies crossed the Aisne near Soissons.

September 16. The Russian northern army was forced behind the Niemen.

September 22. The Germans retired to Noyon. British cruisers _Aboukir_, _Cressy_, and _Hogue_ were sunk in the North Sea by submarines.

September 24. The Russian forces passed the fortress of Przemsyl.

September 28. Japanese and British forces attacked the fortress of Tsingtau.

September 29. German forces invested Antwerp.

October 8. Germans entered Antwerp. The garrison escaped.

October 15. The British cruiser _Hawke_ was sunk by a German submarine in the North Sea.

October 17. Russian armies resumed offensive operations in the east.

October 20. The bloody battle of the Yser followed the attempt of German forces to reach the Channel ports.

October 22. The German forces bombarded Lille, France.

October 25. Germans crossed the Yser River near the coast.

October 26. Gavrilo Prinzep and twenty-three accomplices were found guilty of the assassination of Archduke Francis Ferdinand and his wife.

October 28. The German cruiser _Emden_ sank the Russian cruiser _Zhemtchug_ in the harbor of Penang. Germans were forced to evacuate the southern branch of the Yser.

November 1. Five German cruisers defeated the British fleet under Admiral Cradock off the Chilean coast.

November 2. Great Britain declared the North Sea closed to commerce.

November 5. Great Britain and France declared war on Turkey.

November 7. The Japanese forces captured Tsingtau.

November 9. The German cruiser _Emden_ was destroyed by the Australian cruiser _Sydney_.

November 10. The struggle along the Yser River continued. Serbians defeated the Austrian army, capturing 2,000 prisoners. Russian forces resumed the offensive around Warsaw.

November 15. The Serbians were defeated by the Austrian army.

November 16. Belgians flooded the coast lands in order to prevent the advance of the German forces.

November 19. German forces advancing into Poland were driven back.

November 29. The Russians continued success against Germans in Poland.

December 1. General De Wet, leader of the rebellion in South Africa, was captured, practically ending the rebellion.

December 2. Belgrade was captured by the Austrians.

December 6. Battle of Lodz in Russian Poland, which began on November 19, was ended with an inconclusive German victory.

December 8. The British fleet near the Falkland Islands met and destroyed the German squadron which sank two British warships on November 1, off the coast of Chile.

December 10. A German submarine raided the harbor of Dover, England.

December 13. British submarine _B-11_ entered the Dardanelles under the mine fields and torpedoes and sunk the Turkish battleship _Messudiah_.

December 14. Russians defeated the German forces at Mlawa. Belgrade was recaptured by the Serbians.

December 18. The German army approached Warsaw.

December 19. The Germans were forced to evacuate Dixmude.

December 23. The Turkish army began an advance on the Suez Canal.

December 24. The Germans defeated the Russian army at Mlawa in northern Poland. The entire Russian army began a retreat.

December 29. Russian forces were forced to retire in Galicia.

1915

January 1. British battleship _Formidable_ was sunk by a German submarine in the English Channel.

January 3. The Russian army defeated the Turkish forces in the Caucasus.

January 6. The Germany army continued to advance in Poland.

January 16. The Russian army of invasion captured one of the passes over the Carpathian Mountains.

January 21. Austrian forces in northeastern Hungary were shattered by attacks. General von Falkenhayn, Chief of the German General Staff, resigned the office of minister of war, and was succeeded by General von Hohenborn.

January 24. A naval engagement between British and German fleets. German armored cruiser _Bluecher_ was sunk. Other German vessels fled.

January 29. The Germans assumed the offensive in the forest of the Argonne.

January 31. German submarines made a second raid in the British Channel and destroyed several British merchant ships.

February 2. Wiener von Horn, a German-American, unsuccessfully attempted to dynamite the bridge across the St. Croix River.

February 3. The Turkish forces attempted to force a passage over the Suez Canal and were repulsed by the British troops.

February 4. Germany declared a war zone of the waters around Great Britain and Ireland, to go into effect on February 18.

February 8. Russian forces were obliged to evacuate a large part of the territory held in the province of Bukowina.

February 10. Russian army suffered a disastrous defeat in East Prussia.

February 18. German decree creating a war zone in the waters around Great Britain and Ireland went into effect.

February 24. Germans captured Przasnysz, in Russian Poland.

February 27. The _William P. Fry_, an American sailing vessel, was sunk by a German cruiser.

March 1. Great Britain and France announced their intention to prevent commodities of any kind from reaching or leaving Germany.

March 2. Germany offered to modify her submarine warfare if Great Britain would also make concessions.

March 6. Premier Venizelos resigned his office on account of the decision of King Constantine to the entrance of Greece on the side of the Allies.

March 14. The German cruiser _Dresden_ was sunk off the Chilean coast.

March 19. The French battleship _Bouvet_ and two British battleships were sunk by floating mines in the Dardanelles.

March 21. Major General Sir William Robert Robertson was appointed Chief of the General Staff of the British army.

March 22. Austrian fortress of Przemsyl surrendered to the Russian army.

March 25. French achieved success in upper Alsace.

April 4. German forces in Russia prepared for a great offensive.

April 22. The second battle of Ypres began.

April 25. The battle of Ypres continued.

April 26. The German cruiser _Kronprinz Wilhelm_ was interned at Newport News.

April 27. The battle of Ypres continued with heavy losses on both sides.

May 1. Fierce fighting went on in the Gallipoli peninsula. The American tank ship _Gulflight_ was sunk by a German submarine.

May 6. The Russian forces on the eastern front were routed by Germans under General Mackensen.

May 7. The transatlantic liner _Lusitania_ was sunk by a German submarine, with a loss of 1,150 persons, including over 100 Americans.

May 13. The Bryce Commission on Belgian atrocities made public its report. The American Government protested to Germany over the sinking of the _Lusitania_.

May 14. Fierce fighting continued in the Ypres sector. The Russian armies retreated before the Germans, barely escaping a rout.

May 23. Italy declared war against Austria-Hungary.

May 28. Germany replied to the American note on the _Lusitania_.

June 1. Przemsyl was recaptured by the Austro-German forces.

June 9. Italian troops defeated Austrians on the Isonzo River.

June 20. Mackensen defeated Russians at Rawa-Russka.

July 9. The German forces in German Southwest Africa surrendered to General Botha.

July 12. The German cruiser _Koenigsberg_ was destroyed by British war vessels off East Africa.

August 5. Warsaw was captured by Austro-German forces.

August 10. The training of reserve officers was begun at Plattsburg.

August 17. London was raided by a Zeppelin, killing ten persons.

August 19. The liner _Arabic_ was sunk by a German submarine.

August 21. Italy declared war against Turkey.

September 1. The German Ambassador declared that no more passenger ships would be sunk without warning.

September 2. President Wilson received a message from the Pope in relation to peace.

September 9. United States Government asked Austria-Hungary to recall Ambassador Dumba.

September 25. The French and British began offensive in Champagne.

September 29. British forces defeated the Turks in Mesopotamia.

October 4. British and French troops landed at Saloniki aid Serbia.

October 5. Premier Venizelos of Greece resigned after King Constantine refused to support the Allies.

October 6. The French launched a successful attack in Champagne.

October 9. Belgrade was captured by the Austro-German forces.

October 13. Edith Cavell was shot by the Germans as a spy.

October 14. Bulgaria declared war on Serbia.

October 19. Major General Monro succeeded Sir Ian Hamilton in command of operations in the Dardanelles.

October 22. The Germans inflicted a severe defeat on the Russian armies.

October 25. The French made gains in Champagne.

November 18. The British resumed advance at Gallipoli.

November 25. The British retired to Kut-el-Amara.

December 3. The American Government demanded the recall of Captains Boy-Ed and Von Papen, German diplomats.

December 15. Sir Douglas Haig was appointed Commander in Chief of the British forces in France.

December 19. The British evacuated Anzac and Suvla Bay, Gallipoli.

December 29. Austria met American demands in regard to the _Anoona_.

1916

January 1. Fighting was renewed at the Dardanelles.

January 7. German Ambassador notified the American Government that submarine operations in the Mediterranean would be conducted according to international law.

January 8. Germany notified the United States that vessels would be sunk only when carrying contraband of war and that the safety of crews would be provided for.

January 9. British forces successfully evacuated Gallipoli.

January 25. The French carried on successful operations around Nieuport.

January 29. Paris was attacked by Zeppelins.

February 6. Field Marshal von Mackensen assumed command of the Austro-German army opposing the Allies at Saloniki.

February 9. The Russians began a new offensive in Galicia.

February 16. The city of Erzerum was captured by the Russians. The British declared that they had completed the conquest of Kamerun, a German colony in Africa.

February 24. The great German drive at Verdun was repulsed.

February 26. The Germans captured important points about Verdun.

February 28. Turks evacuated Trebizond and other Black Sea ports.

March 8. The German Government presented a memorandum stating its attitude on the submarine boat controversy.

March 16. Terrific fighting went on around Verdun.

March 18. Germans occupied part of the town of Vaux.

March 24. The English steamship _Sussex_ was sunk by a German submarine; many passengers killed.

April 18. Secretary Lansing declared to Germany that relations would be severed if submarine attacks on steamships continued.

April 19. President Wilson addressed Congress on the submarine issue.

April 22. Sir Roger Casement was captured on the Irish coast.

April 24. A revolt broke out in Dublin.

April 25. A squadron of German cruisers raided the English coast.

April 27. Martial law was declared throughout Ireland.

April 29. Surrender of British at Kut-el-Amara was announced.

May 3. Several leaders of the Irish rebellion were executed for treason.

May 5. Activity was renewed along the entire Eastern front.

May 10. Germany admitted that the _Sussex_ was sunk by a German submarine.

May 31. The British and German fleets met at Jutland; after a fierce engagement the German fleet fled.

June 5. Earl Kitchener and many others were lost when the British cruiser _Hampshire_ went down off the Orkney Islands.

June 17. The Russian army entered Czernowitz.

July 6. David Lloyd George was appointed Secretary of War for Great Britain.

July 7. The British resumed the offensive on the Somme.

July 11. The Germans advanced east of the Meuse at Verdun.

July 22. Russian forces achieved successes in the Riga district.

July 27. Captain Charles Fryatt was executed by the Germans for attempting to ram a submarine.

August 4. The French gained successes at Verdun.

August 9. Italian forces occupied the Austrian city of Goritz.

August 27. Rumania declared war on Austria-Hungary.

August 30. Field Marshal von Hindenburg succeeded General von Falkenhayn as Chief of Staff of the German armies.

September 3. Allies renewed their offensive north of the Somme River. Bulgarian and German troops invaded Rumania in Dobrudja.

September 14. The Fourth Greek Army Corps, with headquarters at the port of Kavala, was placed in the hands of the Germans.

October 7. British and French troops in the Somme district advanced on a front of ten miles.

October 23. Constanza, Rumania, was captured by the Bulgar-Turco-German army.

October 24. At Verdun, French penetrated German lines to a depth of two miles, winning back the fort and village of Douaumont, the Thiaumont field work, Haudromont Quarries, and Caillette Wood.

November 2. The Germans at Verdun evacuated Fort Vaux.

November 6. British steamer _Arabia_ torpedoed and sunk in the Mediterranean; passengers rescued.

November 13. British launched a new offensive against German line in France on both sides of the Ancre Brook.

November 21. The German Minister of Foreign Affairs, Gottlieb von Jagow, resigned. Francis Joseph, Emperor of Austria and King of Hungary, died at Schoenbrunn Castle, near Vienna, at the age of eighty-six. His nephew, Archduke Charles Francis Joseph, succeeded.

November 29. Admiral Sir David Beatty was appointed to command the British grand fleet, succeeding Sir Jellicoe.

December 5. Herbert H. Asquith resigned as Prime Minister of England.

December 7. David Lloyd George accepted the British post of Prime Minister and First Lord of the Treasury.

1917

January 10. The Allied Governments stated their terms of peace; a separate note from Belgium included.

January 22. President Wilson addressed the Senate, giving his ideas of steps necessary for world peace.

January 31. Germany announced unrestricted submarine warfare in specified zones.

February 3. United States severed diplomatic relations with Germany; German Ambassador von Bernstorff was dismissed.

February 24. Kut-el-Amara taken by British, under General Maude (campaign begun December 13).

March 4. Announced that the British had taken over from the French the entire Somme front.

March 11. Bagdad captured by British under General Maude.

March 11-15. Revolution in Russia, leading to abdication of Czar Nicholas II.

March 15. Russian Provisional Government formed by Constitutional Democrats under Prince Lvoff and M. Milyukoff.

March 17-19. Retirement of Germans to "Hindenburg Line"; evacuation of 1,300 square miles of French territory on front of 100 miles from Arras to Soissons.

March 27. United States Minister Brand Whitlock and American Relief Commission were withdrawn from Belgium.

April 2. President Wilson asked Congress to declare the existence of a state of war with Germany.

April 6. United States declared war on Germany.

April 8. Austria-Hungary severed diplomatic relations with the United States.

April 9-May 14. British successes in Battle of Arras (Vimy Ridge taken April 9).

April 16-May 6. French successes in Battle of the Aisne between Soissons and Rheims.

April 20. Turkey severed relations with United States.

May 15-September 15. Great Italian offensive on Isonzo front (Carso Plateau); capture of Gorizia, August 9; Monte Santo taken August 24; Monte Gabriele, September 14.

May 15. General Petain succeeded General Nivelle as commander in chief of the French armies.

May 17. Russian Provisional Government reconstructed. Kerensky (former Minister of Justice) became Minister of War. Milyukoff resigned.

May 18. President Wilson signed Selective Service Act.

June 7. British blew up Messines Ridge, south of Ypres, and captured 7,500 German prisoners.

June 12. King Constantine of Greece forced to abdicate.

June 26. First American troops reached France.

June 29. Greece entered war against Germany and her allies.

July 4. Resignation of Bethmann-Hollweg as German Chancellor. Dr. George Michaelis, Chancellor (July 14).

July 20. Drawing at Washington of names for first army under selective service.

July 20. Kerensky became Russian Premier on resignation of Prince Lvoff.

July 31-November. Battle of Flanders (Passchendaele Ridge); British successes.

August 15. Peace proposals of Pope Benedict revealed (dated August 1); United States replies, August 27; Germany and Austria, September 21; supplementary German reply, September 26.

August 20-24. French at Verdun recaptured high ground lost in 1916.

September 8. Luxburg dispatches ("spurlos versenkt") revealed.

October 24-December. Great German-Austrian counterdrive into Italy; Italian line shifted to Piave River, Asiago Plateau, and Brenta River.

October 26. Brazil declared war on Germany.

October 27. Second Liberty Loan closed ($3,000,000,000 offered; $4,617,532,300 subscribed).

November 7. Overthrow of Kerensky and Provisional Government of Russia by the Bolsheviki.

November 13. Clemenceau succeeds Ribot as French Premier.

November 18. British forces in Palestine take Jaffa.

November 22-December 13. Battle of Cambrai; successful surprise attack near Cambrai by British under General Byng on November 22 (employs "tanks" to break down wire entanglements in place of the usual artillery preparations); Bourlon Wood, dominating Cambrai, taken November 26; surprise counterattack by Germans, December 2, compels British to give up fourth of ground gained.

November 29. First plenary session of the Inter-Allied Conference in Paris; sixteen nations represented; Colonel E. M. House, Chairman of American delegation.

December 5. President Wilson, in message to Congress, advised war with Austria.

December 6. United States destroyer _Jacob Jones_ sunk by submarine.

December 6-9. Armed revolt overthrew Administration in Portugal.

December 7. United States declared war on Austria-Hungary.

December 9. Jerusalem captured by British advancing from Egypt.

December 13. Berlin announced armistice negotiations with Russia; began December 16. German aerial bombs kill several United States railway engineers, and two engineers died from gunshot wounds.

December 15. Inter-Allied Economic Council, Great Britain, France, and Italy represented, organizes in London, elects Assistant Secretary of United States Treasury, Oscar T. Crosby, president. Armistice agreement between Bolshevik Government and Central Powers signed at Brest-Litovsk.

December 18. Sixteen to twenty large German Gothas raid London, kill ten, injure seventy; two of the raiders are brought down.

December 23. General Guillaumat succeeded Sarrail as commander in chief of Allied forces at Saloniki.

December 27. Turkish army defeated by British in attempt to retake Jerusalem.

1918

January 5. Between Lens and St. Quentin, German raids on British lines were repulsed with heavy enemy losses.

January 7. In mutiny at Kiel, German naval base, submarine crews killed thirty-eight of their officers.

January 14. Attempt was made to shoot Russian Premier Lenine.

January 28. In Italian offensive east of Asiago Plateau, Italian forces captured Col del Rosso and Col d'Echele, and 1,500 prisoners. Rumanians captured Kishineff, capital of Bessarabia. Allied aviators attacked Zeebrugge. German airplanes raided London, killed 47, injured 169. Germans made air raid on Paris, killed 36, injured 190.

January 31. It was for the first time announced that the United States troops were occupying first-line trenches. Germans raided American line, killed two, wounded four, one missing.

February 1. Major General Peyton C. March made Chief of General Staff. Italians advanced to head of Melago Valley. Rumanians occupied Kishineff. Bolsheviki seized Rumanian ships in Black Sea; captured Odessa and Orenburg.

February 5. United States transport _Tuscania_ torpedoed off Irish coast; loss, 101.

February 21. British troops occupied Jericho, fourteen miles from Jerusalem.

February 22. United States troops were in the Chemin-des-Dames sector, the Aisne, France.

February 27. Japan proposed joint military operation with Allies in Siberia to save military and other supplies.

March 1. Generals Kaledine and Korniloff defeated by Bolsheviki near Rostof-on-Don.

March 2. Kieff, held by Bolsheviki since February 8, was occupied by German and Ukrainian troops.

March 3. By treaty of peace with four Central Powers signed at Brest-Litovsk, Bolsheviki agreed to evacuate Ukrainia, Esthonia, and Livonia, Finland, the Aland Islands, and Transcaucasian districts of Erivan, Kars, and Batum.

March 4. Germany and Finland signed treaty.

March 8. In the Ypres-Dixmude sector Germans attacked on mile front; English counterattacked. Leon Trotzky resigned as Russian Foreign Minister.

March 9. Russian capital moved from Petrograd to Moscow.

March 10. British occupied Hit, in Mesopotamia.

March 12. In Toul sector United States artillery discovered and blew to pieces German gas projectors, upsetting plans for gas attack.

March 13. German troops entered Odessa and gained control of Black Sea, with fifteen Russian warships.

March 18. Great Britain and United States took over Dutch shipping in United States and British ports.

March 21. Beginning of "Big Drive" on 50-mile front, from Arras to La Fere. On Luneville sector United States artillery fire destroyed first-and second-line positions. Canadians made gas attack between Lens and Hill 70. British monitors bombard Ostend. German long-range gun bombarded Paris.

March 26. Battle continued on whole front south of Somme.

March 27. General Pershing offered all United States forces for service wherever needed.

March 28. Heavy fighting along 55-mile front, from the southeast of Somme to northeast of Arras. Entire Turkish force in area of Hit, in Mesopotamia, was captured or destroyed; 3,000 prisoners taken (including German officers), 10 guns, 2,000 rifles, many machine guns, 600 animals. British forces crossed the River Jordan.

March 29. The French General, Ferdinand Foch, chosen commander in chief of all Allied forces in France (British, French, American, Italian, Belgian, and Portuguese). The German long-range gun killed seventy-five worshipers at Good Friday services in a Paris church, and wounded ninety.

April 1. Long-distance bombardment of Paris continued; four were killed, nine injured.

April 3. War Council at Washington, D. C., announced that all available shipping would be used to rush troops to France.

April 5. United States army at end of the first year of the war totaled more than 1,500,000 men.

April 7. United States troops in Toul sector repelled two German raids. Turks took Ardahan from Armenians; Constantinople reported Turkish troops advancing over wide area in the Caucasus.

April 10. British and Portuguese, on line from La Bassee Canal to Armentieres, were forced back six miles; at Messines Ridge, south of Ypres, British retired two miles. In a counterattack on Givenchy, British took 750 prisoners.

April 12. Field Marshal Haig issued a special order of the day: "All positions must be held to the last man."

April 13. Germans captured Rossignol, advanced to border of Nieppe Wood; took 400 prisoners. French held Hangard against repeated counterattacks and repulsed German raids between the Ailette and the Aisne. The British and French Governments agreed to confer on General Foch title of Commander in Chief of Allied armies in France.

April 15. Count Czernin, Austro-Hungarian Minister, resigned.

April 22. Baron von Richthofen, the leader of the German flyers, with eighty victories, was brought down behind the British lines.

April 24. Germans attacked the whole front south of the Somme, but were repulsed; in later attacks gained Villers-Bretonneux, east of Robec.

April 25. Germans assaulted from Wytschaete to Bailleul; in Lys salient, French and British lost ground. Germans captured Hangard.

April 28. The loss of Kemmel Heights forced British to retire. Locre changed hands five times; Germans got footing there, but were driven from Voormezeele.

May 6. Treaty of peace was signed at Bucharest by representatives of Rumania and the four Central Powers.

May 19. Australians captured Ville-sur-Ancre, a mile from Morlancourt; 360 prisoners, 20 machine guns; German raids in Picardy and Lorraine are repelled by United States troops.

May 21. President Wilson named Peyton C. March, Chief of Staff, with rank of General.

May 25-June 14. German submarines sank nineteen ships off coasts of New Jersey, Delaware, Maryland, and Virginia.

May 27. Big drive begun on western front; Germans drove Allies across the Aisne-Marne Canal; Germans attacked British at Berry-au-Bac and the French by the Chemin-des-Dames Ridge; near Dickebusch Lake, Germans penetrated French positions, advanced in Aisne Valley, reached Pont-Arcy.

May 30. Germans advanced to within two miles of Rheims.

May 31. German forces north of the Aisne advanced to Nouvron and Fontenoy, but failed to cross the Marne.

June 1. Germans attacked on whole front between the Oise and the Marne, advanced as far as Nouvron and Fontenoy; attack on Fort de la Pompelle drove out French, who counterattacked, regained positions, and took 400 prisoners and four tanks.

June 5. Germans advanced on south bank of Aisne, took Dommiers; United States troops penetrated enemy positions in Picardy and Lorraine; French counterattack regained ground near Vingre.

June 6. West of Chateau-Thierry, United States troops drove Germans a mile on two-mile front, took 270 prisoners; United States and French troops advanced in region of Neuilly-la-Poterie and Bouresches; German attacks at Champlat, heights of Bligny, southwest of Ste. Euphraise and between the Marne and Rheims, were repulsed: French took Le Port, west of Fontenoy and north of the Aisne, village of Vinly, and regained Hill 204.

June 7. United States and French troops took villages of Neuilly-la-Poterie and Bouresches and Bligny, between the Marne and Rheims, and 200 prisoners.

June 8. By attacks on the Marne, Franco-American troops put Germans on defensive; United States forces, under General Pershing, captured and held Bouresches.

June 11. Allies in counteroffensive advance on seven-mile front between Montdidier and Noyon retook much ground; took 1,000 prisoners.

June 16. On Italian front Allies regained all ground lost in first Austrian rush, except a few places on Piave River.

June 19. 40,000 Germans attacked Rheims from three sides; repulsed.

June 23. Italian forces drove the Austrians across the Piave River, with a loss of 180,000 men.

June 25. American marines and regulars cleared Belleau Wood.

June 29. Italian forces continued successes.

June 30. France recognized the Czecho-Slovaks as a separate nation.

July 1. American forces landed at Kola, Finland.

July 9. The French armies advanced on a wide front.

July 12. The Austrian armies were badly beaten by the Italians at Berat. French troops continued advance on western front.

July 13. The former Czar Nicholas of Russia was assassinated.

July 15. Germans began fifth drive on a fifty-mile front.

July 18. French and German troops began great counteroffensive.

July 19. Germans began retreat from the Marne.

July 21. Chateau Thierry was occupied by French and American forces.

July 25. Allies continued to close the pocket of the Aisne-Marne salient.

August 3. The Allies advanced on a wide front.

August 4. The German retreat in the Aisne region continued.

August 7. American and French troops crossed the Vesle River in pursuit of the Germans.

August 8. New French and British offensive in the Somme region.

August 17. American troops took back several villages.

August 23. The British continued to advance in the Somme region.

August 25. The British advanced ten miles on a thirty-mile front, taking nearly 20,000 prisoners.

August 29. The British captured Bapaume.

August 31. The British, aided by the 27th and 30th American Divisions, captured Mount Kemmel.

September 5. The Allies advanced on a ninety-mile front.

September 7. The Germans began retreat on a 100-mile front.

September 11. British, French, and American forces closed in on the Hindenburg line.

September 13. American forces cleared the St. Mihiel salient and took 12,000 prisoners.

September 22. General Allenby defeated Turks in Palestine.

September 27. The British advanced on the Cambrai front.

September 29. British and American forces pierced the Hindenburg line.

September 30. The Belgians captured Roulers.

October 1. French reentered St. Quentin.

October 2. American troops forced back Germans in Argonne Forest.

October 5. Germans abandoned Lille.

October 6. Prince Max, the German Chancellor, proposed a suspension of hostilities.

October 7. The German retreat continued.

October 8. President Wilson asked Germany's intentions in regard to peace.

October 9. The British took Cambrai.

October 18. Many towns in Belgium recaptured by Allies.

October 24. Allies continued to advance on all fronts.

October 28. Hungary accepted terms offered by Allies.

October 30. Italians advanced north of the Piave.

November 1. American troops advanced to Grandpre.

November 4. Austria accepts terms of truce.

November 5. The American first army advanced on both sides of the Meuse.

November 8. General Foch received German armistice delegates. Republic proclaimed in Bavaria.

November 9. Socialists took over government in Berlin.

November 10. Kaiser Wilhelm fled to Holland.

November 11. German envoys signed armistice terms.

November 20. French entered Buda-Pesth. German submarines surrendered to British. American troops crossed the Lorraine frontier.

November 21. The entire German fleet surrendered to Allies.

November 22. King Albert makes triumphal entry into Brussels.

December 1. American troops crossed the frontier of Prussia.

1919

January 7. The Spartacides in Berlin started a revolutionary outbreak.

January 9. The Government troops in Berlin defeated the Spartacides.

January 12. The Supreme War Council met in Paris.

January 15. The Berlin Government announced the completion of a newly drafted constitution covering the union of fifteen states.

January 17. Jan Ignace Paderewski was agreed upon by the Polish factions as the first premier of Poland.

January 18. The Peace Conference held its first session in Paris. Clemenceau was chosen president.

January 19. General election was held in Germany.

January 25. The Peace Conference adopted a resolution creating a League of Nations.

February 6. The German National Assembly convened at Weimar. Friedrich Ebert was elected president.

February 14. President Wilson read before the Peace Conference the summary of the Covenant of the League of Nations.

February 21. Kurt Eisner, Socialist Premier of Bavaria, was assassinated.

March 13. The German Government executed over 200 Spartacides in Berlin.

March 25. A new Socialist cabinet was installed in Prussia.

April 15. Communists again captured Munich.

April 23. The Italian delegation to the Peace Conference announced their withdrawal as a result of President Wilson's declaration that Italy should not have Fiume.

April 25. The German couriers in advance of the peace delegates arrived in Paris.

April 28. The Covenant of the League of Nations was adopted by the Peace Conference.

May 6. The terms of the Peace Treaty were presented to all the powers represented at the conference.

May 19. The Austrian peace delegates arrived at St. Germain.

May 21. An extension of one week was granted to the Germans for consideration of the Peace Treaty.

May 26. The Council of Four declared in favor of recognizing the Kolchak Government in Russia.

May 29. The German delegates presented counterproposals.

June 14. The Council of Four finished revisions to meet the German protests.

June 16. The German delegates were handed the revised treaty.

June 22. German men and officers sank the vessels interned at Scapa Flow.

June 25. General von Hindenburg resigned as commander in chief of the German armies.

June 28. The Treaty of Peace was signed by the German, Allied, and associated delegates, thus ending the World War.

INDEX

Abyssinia, Italian defeats in, I, 192 Achiet-le-Grand, VIII, 28 Adige River, fighting along, V, 280 Adige Valley, operations in, VI, 460 Aerial raids, VI, 492 Aerial warfare, VII, 260-268 Aerodromes, British, IV, 473 Aerodromes, German, IV, 470 Aeroplane improvements, V, 418 Aeroplane operations around Constantinople, IV, 475 Aeroplane warfare on submarines, V, 414 Aeroplanes and submarines, I, 23 Aeroplanes, increase in, VI, 485 Aeroplanes, losses in, April, 1917, VI, 255 Africa, British possessions in, I, 181 African coast, III, 493 Agadir, I, 140 Agar Khan, III, 24 Ailette River, advance on, VIII, 39 Ailette Valley, VIII, 28 Aircraft, loss of, IV, 479 Aire River, VIII, 173 Air fighting, tactics of, IV, 459 Aisne, French attack on, VII, 47 Aisne-Marne Canal, VIII, 53 Aisne, operations along, in March, 1916, V, 66 Aisne-Vesle front, VIII, 11 Albania, Austrians in, IV, 366 Albania, withdrawal of Serbian forces from, IV, 337 Albanian uprising, I, 247 Albert I, I, 199 Albert, captured, VIII, 28 Albert, King, commands battle in Flanders, VIII, 59 Albert sector, gain in, VIII, 11 _Alcantara_, British merchantman, sinking of, V, 59 Alderson, General, commands Canadian troops, VIII, 303, 340 Alderson, General, at St. Julien, VIII, 316 Alexandretta, III, 503 Alexeieff, General, ability of, V, 121 _Algonquin_, submarined, VI, 317 Allenby, General, commands cavalry division, II, 60 Allenby, General, directs offensive in Holy Land, VIII, 116 Allenby, General, in Battle of the Marne, II, 135 Allenstein, capture of, II, 437 Allied demands on Greece, V, 224-229 Allied offensive, March, 1915, IV, 45 Allied offensive in August, 1915, postponement of, IV, 49 Allied war conference, VII, 80 Allies, condition of, in 1917, VIII, 153 Allies' losses in aircraft, VI, 51 Alsace and Lorraine, campaigns in, II, 38-45, VII, 56 Alsace, German activities in, V, 70 Alsace-Lorraine, conditions in, I, 138 Alsace-Lorraine, restored to France, VIII, 226 Altkirch, captured by French, IV, 70 Amara, surrender of, III, 502 American Army, necessary strength of, I, 11 American Army, scope of operation, VII, 81 American Army, transportation overseas, VII, 344 American aviators, VI, 173-174, 181 American battleships at naval surrender, VIII, 147 American coast, German submarines along, VII, 464 American Congress, resolution on armed merchantmen, IV, 502 American cooperation with French, VII, 407 American declaration of war with Austria-Hungary, VII, 105 American destroyer flotilla, VI, 357 American engineers, VII, 94, 368 American engineers, deeds of, at Cambrai, VII, 94 American Expeditionary Force, VIII, 151 American Expeditionary Force, Service of Supply, VIII, 153 American Expeditionary Force to France, VII, 83 American First Division, VIII, 155-156, 159, 186 American forces in France, VII, 351 American 42d Division, VIII, 156, 159 American Fourth Division, VIII, 163 American fronts, VII, 96, 373 American Independence Day, celebration of, by Allies, VII, 321 American losses on sea, VII, 463 American merchant marine, losses of, by German submarines, VI, 477 American Navy, work of, in foreign waters, VI, 357 American negotiations over _Ancona_ sinking, IV, 490-496 American note to Austria on _Ancona_ issue, character of, IV, 492 American participation in Siberia, VII, 449 American preparations for war, VI, 328 American prisoners first taken by Germans, VII, 88 American-Prussian treaties, 1799-1828, attempts to renew, VI, 298 American Red Cross in Serbia, II, 354 American response to German note on _Sussex_, V, 458 American Second Division, VIII, 156, 159 American 77th Division, VIII, 163 American soldiers first killed in battle, VII, 91 American Third Division, VIII, 159, 162 American 30th Division, VIII, 183 American 32d Division, VIII, 162 American troops in Italy, VIII, 97 American troops, on Lorraine-Alsace front, VII, 358 American troops, training of, in France, VII, 84-85 American troops, transportation of, to France, VI, 358 American 26th Division, VIII, 156, 162 American 27th Division, VIII, 183 American vessels sunk by German submarines, VI, 202 Amiens, Allied advance, VIII, 16 Amiens, April offensive, VII, 289 Amiens, Battle of, VIII, 384 Ammunition, conservation of, I, 68 Anafarta Ridge, attack on, IV, 352 _Ancona_, Austro-Hungarian explanation of sinking of, IV, 490 Ancre, British successes in, February, 1917, VI, 223 Andoye, taken by Belgians, VIII, 60 Anglo-French agreement of 1904, I, 136 Anglo-French forces in Italy, VII, 207 Anglo-Russian agreement of 1907, I, 136 Anti-Bolshevists, cooperate, VIII, 87 Antwerp, fall of, II, 167 "Anzacs," heroism of, III, 460-462 _Appam_, British steamship, capture of, IV, 160 Arabia, campaigns in, VII, 238 _Arabic_, British steamship, sinking of, IV, 150, 480-490 Arabs, confederation of, IV, 429 Arabs, in Great War, VIII, 118 Arbitration, failure of, I, 14 Archangel, Allies at, VIII, 89 Archibald papers, V, 11 "Archibalds," III, 94 Argonne, activity in, III, 158 Argonne, campaign in, II, 193-194 Argonne Forest, VIII, 171 Argonne-Verdun sector, fighting in, in March, 1916, V, 71 _Argyll_, loss of, IV, 154 Arleux-en-Gohelle, VIII, 48 Arleux-en-Gohelle, taken by the Canadians, VIII, 362 Armancourt, VIII, 19 Armed neutrality, address of President Wilson, VI, 304 Armenians, massacre of, IV, 378 Armies of Occupation, VIII, 79 Armistice, German delegates leave Berlin, VIII, 74 Armistice, November 11, 1918, VIII, 78 Armistice, with Austria-Hungary, VIII, 134 Armistice, with Turkey, VIII, 136 Armor for battleships; for battle cruisers, I, 22 Arnim, General von, II, 31 Arras, British operations around, VI, 38; VII, 281 Arras, British operations at, VIII, 362 Arras-Cambrai, battle, results of, VIII, 405 Arras-Cambrai road, VIII, 44 Arras-Cambrai road, Canadians on, VIII, 390 Artillery operations on the eastern front, V, 141-143 Artois, British successes in, IV, 85 Artois, fighting in, III, 121-128 Artois, French attack in, IV, 46 Artois sector, V, 373 Asfeld-la-Ville, VIII, 59 Asiago and Brenta front, VIII, 98 Asiago Plateau, fighting on, VIII, 100 Asiago Plateau, French troops on, VIII, 103 Asiago sector, operations in, VII, 213 Asia Minor, Germany in, I, 50 Asiatic Turkey, disorders in, IV, 377 Asphyxiation from gas, I, 53 Assassination of Franz Ferdinand, I, 258 Aubers Ridge, VIII, 323 Aubers Ridge, attacks on, III, 128 Aubigny-au-Bac, taken by Canadians, VIII, 409 Audacious, sinking of, II, 235 August 8, 1918, British victory on, VIII, 13, 384 Australian Army Corps, in battle of August 8, 1918, VIII, 384 Australians, gallantry of, at Suvla Bay, IV, 356 Australians storm Mont St. Quentin and Feuilleucourt, VIII, 38 Australians, successes of, VII, 329 Australians, take Cateau Wood, VIII, 21 Australians, take Villers-Bretonneux, VII, 299 Austria and Prussia, I, 127 Austria-Hungary, American declaration of war with, VII, 105 Austria-Hungary, area of, I, 286 Austrian armies in Poland and Galicia, command of, IV, 181 Austrian army in Serbia, strength of, IV, 259 Austrian circular note of July 27, 1914, I, 270 Austrian defenses in the Alps, IV, 394 Austrian, demands on Serbia, I, 261 Austrian fleet in the Danube, VI, 97 Austrian forces along the Italian front, increase of, V, 245 Austrian losses, II, 405 Austrian losses in Serbia, II, 343 Austrian naval strength, II, 206 Austrian note to Serbia, I, 261 Austrian offensive of 1918, VIII, 96 Austrian offensives, V, 138, 245 Austrian prisoners taken by Italians, VII, 189 Austrian proposals to Rumania, III, 377 Austrian raids on Italian coast, III, 394 Austrian retreat in Italy, VII, 458 Austrian rupture with the United States, VI, 328 Austrians, retreat of, VIII, 128 Austro-German invasion of Serbia, IV, 263 Austro-German offensive in Italy, VII, 200-213 Austro-Hungarian press, alleged misrepresentation by, I, 351 Austro-Italian front, operations on, in spring of 1916, V, 133 Austro-Russian front, summary of conditions, III, 236 Austro-Russian operations, resumption of, V, 133-141 Autreches, French attack near, VIII, 23 Aviation, aeroplane saves British detachment, VIII, 31 Aviators, American, VII, 120 Avlona, battle between Austrians and Italians near, V, 120 Avocourt Wood, German occupation of, V, 351 Avre, crossed by French, VIII, 15 Avre marshes, VIII, 32 Avrincourt, stormed, VIII, 43 Ayesha, voyage of, III, 196 Azerbaijan, Turks fail in, III, 477

Babuna Pass, defended by Serbians, IV, 278, 283 Bagdad, British operations around, IV, 419-425 Bagdad, expedition against, I, 62 Bagdad, operations around, VII, 242 Bagdad, Russian advance toward, V, 330 Bailleul, capture of, by Germans, VII, 295 Balkan League, formation of, I, 248 Balkan Sea, naval operations in, III, 192 Balkan War, I, 252 Balkans, conditions in, in spring of 1916, V, 212 Balkans, countries and peoples, II, 275-286 Balkans, diplomacy in, I, 59 Balkans, summary of first year's conditions, IV, 255 Baltic Provinces, VIII, 95 Ban-de-Sapt, attacks on, III, 164 Bantigny Ravine, VIII, 399 Bapaume, British objective, VIII, 30 Bapaume, capture of, by British, VI, 232 Bapaume, taken by British, VIII, 37 Basra, and Turkish attempts on, III, 498 Basra, capture of, II, 508 Battle cruisers, importance of, I, 21 Battle line in eastern front, II, 262 Battleships, advantages of, I, 21 Battleships and land fortifications, I, 24 Battleships at Jutland naval battle, V, 80 Battleships, surrendered by the Germans, VIII, 149 Bazentin-le-Grand, taken, VIII, 34 Beatty, Admiral, movements of, at Jutland naval battle, V, 75-78 Beaucamp, taken, VIII, 48 Beaucourt, VIII, 22 Beaumont-Hamel, VIII, 20 Behagnies, taken, VIII, 31 Beirut, occupied by the British, VIII, 120 Belgian coast, bombardment of, by British fleet, IV, 60, 112 Belgian envoys, visit of, to United States, VI, 352 Belgian neutrality, I, 276 Belgian neutrality, I, 476 Belgian territory, alleged violation of, I, 283 Belgium, deportations in, VIII, 72 Belgium, financial condition of, I, 418 Belgium, gains of, VIII, 226 Belgium, German attacks in July, 1917, VI, 250 Belgium, German deportations in, VI, 260 Belgium, German proposals, I, 281 Belgium, German war levies in, IV 109 Belgium, invasion of, II, 9 Belgium, results of geographical location, I, 197 Belgrade, bombardment of, IV, 265 Belgrade, capture of, II, 347, 353 Bell, General, VIII, 392 Belleau Wood, American marines in, VII, 381, 384 Bellenglise, taken, VIII, 51 Bellicourt, taken by Americans, VIII, 50 Below, General Fritz von, commands Germans near Rheims, VII, 327 Below, General von, VIII, 27 Below, General von, in Battle of the Somme, V, 395 Berlin, treaty of, I, 228 Berry-au-Bac, taken, VIII, 56 Berthelot, General occupies Ville-en-Tardenois, VIII, 9 Berthelot, General, takes Caesar's Camp, VIII, 59 Beseler, General von, besieges Antwerp, II, 163 Bessarabia, annexation to Rumania VII, 438 Bethmann-Hollweg, circular letter to Powers, I, 368 Bethmann-Hollweg's statement in Reichstag, I, 498 Bexhill Salient, Canadians at, VIII, 330 Beyers, General, III, 70 Bieberstein, Marshal von, II, 496 Bight, battle of, II, 208 Bismarck Archipelago, II, 243 Bitlis, occupation of, by Russians, V, 293 Blind soldiers, care of, in Canada, VIII, 450 Blockade against Germany, III, 181 Bluecher, sinking of, II, 255 Blue Line, VIII, 377 Board of Pension Commissioners, in Canada, VIII, 442 Boehm, General von, commands Germans on the Marne, VII, 327 Boehm, General von, retreat specialist, VIII, 23 Boiry, taken by Canadians, VIII, 35 Bois-des-Loges, VIII, 19 Bois du Sart, occupied, VIII, 33 Bois-en-Hache, VIII, 361 Bois Normand, Canadian Forestry Corps in, VIII, 289 Bolimow, fighting around, II, 470 Bolsheviki, emergence of, VII, 135 Bolsheviki, negotiations with Germany, VII, 155 Bolshevist revolution, VII, 142 Bombs in trenches, I, 74 Bordeaux district, Canadian Forestry Corps in, VIII, 289 Borden, Sir Robert, Canadian premier, VIII, 264 Bosnia, annexation of, I, 147 Bosnia, fighting in, II, 360 Botha, General, III, 74, 488 Bouguignon, taken, VIII, 28 Bourlon Wood, VIII, 397 Bourlon Wood, British withdrawal from, VII, 67 Bourre River, VIII, 16 Boyadjieff, General, commands Bulgarian First Army, IV, 270 Boyle, Colonel, killed at Ypres, VIII, 311 Braches, taken, VIII, 15 Bray, captured, VIII, 30 Bray-Corbie road, British retake position, VIII, 12 Bregalnitza, battle of, I, 257 Bremen, exploits of, VI, 190 Brenta River, fighting along, V, 278 Breslau, II, 494 Brest-Litovsk, II, 447 Brest-Litovsk, capture of, by Germans, IV, 196 Brest-Litovsk conference, VII, 418, 420 Briey, American troops pass through, VIII, 79 British armies, mobilized, I, 304 British assault at Ypres in October, VII, 43 British attack near Lens, IV, 82 British blockade, effect of, on Austria-Hungary, III, 181 British commerce, II, 456 British declaration of war against Germany, I, 283 British East Africa, I, 180 British Empire, area of, I, 286 British Expeditionary Force, II, 34 British Expeditionary Force, enters Jerusalem, VIII, 113 British Expeditionary Force landing in France, IV, 40 British front, VIII, 304 British gain on Somme, VI, 14 British Grand Fleet, at naval surrender, VIII, 147 British, in Italy, VIII, 134 British losses at Jutland naval battle, V, 94-98 British losses to December, 1915, IV, 117 British navy, effect on war, I, 18 British offensive in Artois, IV, 82 British operations in Flanders in 1917, VII, 30 British possessions in Africa, I, 181 British seizure of ships of American registry, V, 49 British squadron bombards Belgian coast in November, 1915, IV, 112 British successes between Ancre and Somme Rivers, VII, 304 British successes in Artois, IV, 85 Brown, General Preston, VIII, 186 Bruges, occupation of, II, 169 Brussels, surrender of, II, 31 Brussilov, General, operations of, V, 156 Brutinel, General R., VIII, 385 Bryan, William Jennings, connection with peace propaganda, VI, 295 Buchanan, Sir George, I, 376 Bucharest, capture of, VI, 119 Buissy Switch Line, taken by Canadians, VIII, 395, 396 Bukoba, capture of, III, 494 Bukowina, operations in, IV, 227 Bukowina, Russian occupation, III, 238 Bukowina, Russian reconquest of, V, 162-172 Bulgaria, conditions for neutrality, IV, 257 Bulgaria, attacks Serbia, I, 330 Bulgaria, history of, I, 224 Bulgarian advances in Serbia, IV, 273 Bulgarian declaration of war on Serbia, IV, 269 Bulgarian demands, III, 378 Bulgarians, defeat of, in November, 1916, VI, 138 Bullard, General, VIII, 156, 167, 178 Bullard, General Robert, commands American Second Army, VIII, 189 Bullecourt, German counterattacks at, VIII, 37 Buelow, General, in Battle of Marne, II, 94 Buelow, General von, commands German Second Army, II, 10 Bundy, General, VIII, 156 Burian, Baron, letter of Ambassador Dumba proposing munition strikes in United States, V, 9 Burrel, Martin, Canadian Minister of Agriculture, VIII, 265 Burstall, Colonel E. H., at Valcartier Camp, VIII, 268 Burstall, General, commands Canadian Second Division, VIII, 358 Burstall, General, directs bombardment, VIII, 329 Butte de Mesnil, VIII, 47 Buzancy, objective of the Americans, VIII, 176 Byng, General, commands Canadian troops, VIII, 253, 357 Byng, General Sir Julian, on Ancre front, VIII, 27, 29 Byng, General Sir Julian, on Cambrai front, VIII, 47 Byng, General Sir Julian, succeeds Alderson, VIII, 349 Bzura, battle along, II, 492

Cachten, taken by Belgians, VIII, 60 Cadorna, General, strategy of, III, 404 Caillette Wood, German repulse at, V, 354 Calais, air raids on, IV, 24 Calais, bombardment of, by destroyer flotilla, VI, 482 Calthrop, Vice Admiral, negotiates armistice with Turkey, VIII, 136 Cambon, J., report on German conditions in 1913, I, 328-330 Cambrai, advance toward, VIII, 49 Cambrai area, German gains in, VII, 66 Cambrai, Canadian and English troops in, VIII, 57 Cambrai, deeds of American engineers at, VII, 94 Cambrai, fired by Germans, VIII, 52, 403 Cambrai salient, German assaults against, VII, 285 Cameron, General, in Meuse-Argonne offensive, VIII, 178 Cameroons, campaign in, III, 62-68 Canada, at beginning of war, VIII, 259 Canada distributes questionnaires to soldiers, VIII, 452 Canada, economically independent, VIII, 261 Canada, financial depression in, VIII, 426 Canada's gifts to Great Britain, VIII, 424 Canada, military policy in, VIII, 249 Canada, national loans in, VIII, 252 Canada, rapid enlistment in, VIII, 250, 270 Canada, ships war material overseas, VIII, 267 Canadian Air Force Section of Canadian General Staff, VIII, 296 Canadian Army Corps, advance in October and November, 1918, VIII, 421 Canadian Army Corps in battle of August 8, 1918, VIII, 384 Canadian Army Corps, casualties of, VIII, 406, 422 Canadian Army Corps, casualties in battle of August, 1918, VIII, 389 Canadian Army Corps, April 8, 1918, VIII, 378 Canadian Army Corps, length of front in German offensive, 1918, VIII, 381 Canadian Army Corps, October 3, 1918, VIII, 400 Canadian Army Corps, October 11, 1918, VIII, 406 Canadian Army Dental Corps, VIII, 300 Canadian Cavalry Brigade, VIII, 286 Canadian Conscription Bill, VIII, 273 Canadian Flying Corps, equipment and formation of, VIII, 296 Canadian Expeditionary Force, VIII, 304, 308 Canadian Expeditionary Force, mobilization camps, VIII, 274 Canadian Expeditionary Force, numbers at the front, VIII, 367 Canadian Expeditionary Force, occupations represented, VIII, 284 Canadian Expeditionary Force, officers of, VIII, 274, 367 Canadian Expeditionary Force, reaches England, VIII, 303 Canadian Expeditionary Force, return of troops, VIII, 258 Canadian First Division, June, 1916, VIII, 349 Canadian First Division, VIII, 339, 355, 409, 410, 412 Canadian First Division, how constituted, VIII, 285 Canadian First Division, in 1918 battles, VIII, 372, 374, 376, 381, 383, 386 Canadian First Division organized, VIII, 267 Canadian First Division relieves Australians at Pozieres, VIII, 357 Canadian Forestry Battalion, VIII, 288 Canadian Forestry Corps, VIII, 287, 288, 290 Canadian Fourth Division, VIII, 409, 410, 412, 417 Canadian Fourth Division, in 1918 battles, VIII, 372, 376, 381, 383, 387 Canadian Fifth Division, VIII, 377 Canadian Headquarters Staff in England, VIII, 302 Canadian hospitals, VIII, 299 Canadian Independent Force, VIII, 385 Canadian Lumber Battalion, VIII, 288 Canadian Machine-Gun Battalion, VIII, 379 Canadian Medical Corps, VIII, 298 Canadian military establishment in England, VIII, 302 Canadian Militia Council, members of, VIII, 266 Canadian mobilization camps, VIII, 268 Canadian Motor Machine-Gun Brigade, VIII, 380 Canadian National Service Board, VIII, 271 Canadian Patriotic Fund, VIII, 443 Canadian Railway Corps, VIII, 287 Canadian Railway Corps, contingent reaches France, VIII, 293 Canadian Railway Corps, honors received by, VIII, 295 Canadian Railway Corps, send contingent to Palestine, VIII, 294 Canadian Railway troops, lay tracks to top of Vimy Ridge, VIII, 293 Canadian Railway troops, lines under fire at Ypres, VIII, 294 Canadian Red Cross, VIII, 425, 463 Canadian Second Division in Battle of the Somme, VIII, 357 Canadian Second Division, in 1918 battles, VIII, 374, 376, 382, 383, 389, 404, 408, 418 Canadian Second Division, June, 1916, VIII, 349 Canadian Second Division, reaches England, VIII, 339 Canadian Tank Battalion, VIII, 297 Canadian Third Brigade, at second battle of Ypres, VIII, 309 Canadian Third Division, VIII, 413, 417 Canadian Third Division in Battle of the Somme, VIII, 357 Canadian Third Division in 1918 battles, VIII, 349, 372, 375, 376, 378, 381, 383, 387, 392, 402, 413, 417 Canadian Training Depot, in England, VIII, 304 Canadian War Trade Board, VIII, 435 Canadians at Arras, VI, 56 Canadians, capture of Passchendaele by, VII, 55 Canadians, from Arras to Cambrai, VIII, 40 Canadians take Wancourt, VIII, 33 Canal de l'Escaut, VIII, 398 Canal du Nord, crossed by the British, VIII, 41 Canal du Nord, enemy retires behind, VIII, 395 Canopus, sinking of, II, 223 Cantigny, VIII, 159 Cantigny, capture of, by Americans, VII, 374 Cantonments and camps in the United States, VII, 345 Carency, surrender of, III, 125 Carey, General, with Scratch Division, VII, 277 Carnic Alps, conditions in, V, 289 _Carpathia_, sinking of, VII, 467 Carpathian Mountain passes, advance of Russians toward, V, 207 Carpathian Mountains, II, 275 Carpathians, campaign in, III, 235-241 Carpathians, fighting in, VI, 91, 442 Carso Plateau, attack on, by Italian artillery, VI, 155, 464 Castelnau, General de, II, 43 Castelnau, General, commander French Second Army, II, 76 Casualties, of Allies, VIII, 18 Catillon, taken by British, VIII, 67 Cattaro, bombardment of, II, 359 Caucasus, campaign in, IV, 380 Caucasus, operations in, III, 9 Caucasus, the, II, 286 Cavell, Edith, case of, IV 98-101 Celtic, sinking of, VII, 464 Central Powers, population of, I, 291, 295 Challerange, occupied, VIII, 54 Champagne, campaign in, March, 1916, V, 68 Champagne, French activities in, VII, 34 Champagne, French progress in, VI, 249 Champagne, German attacks in, VIII, 57 Champagne, Germans give way in, VIII, 55 Champagne offensive, opening of, IV, 61 Charleroi, Battle of, II, 54-59; IV, 40 Charleroi, French withdraw from, II, 59 Charles Francis Joseph, Archduke, V, 249 Chateau-Thierry, VIII, 159 Chateau-Thierry, Americans at, VII, 378, 380 Chateau-Thierry, name given to American engagements in Second Battle of the Marne, VIII, 160 Chaulnes, capture of, VIII, 34 Chaulnes-Roye Road, VIII, 21 Chavigny, in counteroffensive, VII, 335 Cheluwe, taken by British, VIII, 52 Chemin-des-Dames, VIII, 51, 58 Chemin-des-Dames, Americans on, VII, 365 Chemin-des-Dames, German assault upon, VII, 307 Chemin-des-Dames, taken by the French, VI, 363; VII, 54 Cherisy, occupied by British, VIII, 33 Chiese River, crossed by Italians, VIII, 99 China, in Treaty of Peace, VIII, 231 Chipilly Spur, VIII, 18 Church and state, I, 169 "Circular Note" to European Powers, I, 270 _City of Memphis_, sinking by German submarine, VI, 317 Claude Farm, taken, VIII, 21 Clemenceau, president, presides at the Peace Conference, VIII, 195 Coal, embargo on, VII, 131 Coblenz, British air raids on, VII, 482 Cochrane, Hon. F., Canadian Minister of Railways, VIII, 265 Coderre, Hon. Louis, Canadian Secretary of State, VIII, 266 Col di Lana, Italian attack on, V, 231 Collo, Italian successes in, IV, 413 Cologne, occupied by British, VIII, 79 Colonial possessions of Great Britain, I, 174 Combles, repulse of German attack on, VI, 18, 25 Concentration camps, construction of, VI, 350 Concilles-Epayelles, VIII, 17 Confederation of North German states, I, 128 Congress, American, McLemore resolution in, IV, 505 Congress, war appropriations by, VII, 111 Congress war discussion in, V, 433 Connaught, Duke of, VIII, 424 Conspiracies in the United States, V, 13-28 Constantine, King, forces Venizelos to resign, IV, 264 Constituent Assembly, dissolution of, VII, 183 Cooper, Colonel John A., VIII, 249 Coronel, Battle of, II, 222 Cossacks, rebellion of, VII, 160 Cossacks, repulse of Turkish troops by, V, 303 Coucy-le-Chateau, VIII, 28 Council of Workingmen and Soldiers, VI, 405-410 Counteroffensive of the Allies, VII, 325, 328 Courcelette, taken by Canadians, VIII, 357 Courland coast, bombardment of, by Russian torpedo boats, V, 194 Courland, invasion of, III, 337 Courland, operations in, IV, 185 Cracow, attacks on, II, 414-416 Cradock, Admiral, in Battle of Coronel, II, 222 Cramaille, taken by French, VIII, 9 Cramoiselle, taken by the French, VIII, 9 Craonne, capture of, VI, 256 Craters, Canadians battle for, VIII, 344-349 Craters, Canadians abandon, VIII, 349 Crevecoeur, VIII, 52 Croisilles and La Fere, German attack between, VII, 275 Croisilles, taken, VIII, 30, 35 Cromie, Captain, murder of, in Russia, VIII, 93-94 Crothers, Hon. T. W., Canadian Minister of Labor, VIII, 265 Crown Prince, Bavarian, II, 10 Crown Prince, German, II, 10 Cruisers, battle, importance of, I, 21 Ctesiphon, battle of, IV, 437-443 Cumieres, German attempts to retake, V, 347 Curly, taken by British, VIII, 35 Currie, General, at second battle of Ypres, VIII, 315 Currie, General, at Valenciennes, VIII, 71 Currie, General, commands Canadian First Division, VIII, 340 Currie, General, reports on August 1918, battle, VIII, 389 Currie, General Sir Arthur, VIII, 385 Currie, General Sir Arthur, commands Canadian Corps, VIII, 364, 367, 368 Cuvilly, taken by French, VIII, 18 Cyril, Grand Duke, II, 486 Czarina, influence of, VI, 373 Czechoslovak army, VIII, 86 Czechoslovak State, VIII, 228 Czechoslovaks in Italy, VIII, 105 Czechoslovaks in Russia, VIII, 80 Czechoslovaks in Siberia, VII, 444 Czernowitz, capture of, V, 169 Czernowitz, Russian retreat at, II, 413

Dankl, retreat of, II, 392 Dardanelles, aeroplanes at, I, 23 Dardanelles campaign, abandonment of, reasons for, IV, 363 Dardanelles, reenforcements, IV, 345 Danzig, to be a free city, VIII, 225 Dead Man Hill, capture of, by France, VII, 26 Deaths' Head Hussars, II, 154 Debeney, General, VIII, 46, 59, 65 Debeney, General, captures Roye, VIII, 33 Debts, prewar, VIII, 242 Delarey, General, III, 73 Demery, taken, VIII, 21 Demobilization, in Canada. VIII, 438 Deniecourt, capture of, VI, 26 Denmark, German boundary to be determined, VIII, 230 Destroyers, achievements of, I, 17 Destroyers, employment of, VII, 120 _Deutschland_, German merchant submarine, V, 111, 112 De Wet, General, III, 70 Diaz, General, plans Italian counteroffensive, VIII, 96 Dickman, General, VIII, 159, 189 Dickman, General, commands American Army of Occupation, VIII, 79 Diplomatic exchanges, first, prior to war, I, 322 Diplomatic notes, before beginning war, I, 270 Diplomatic papers, comparative number of, I, 313 Dixmude, British and French attacks at, VI, 287 Dixmude, German attack on, IV, 87 Dixmude-Ypres front, VIII, 49 Djemel Pasha, II, 500 Dobrudja, Germans retire, VI, 111 Dodo Woods, taken by the British, VIII, 15 Doherty, Hon. C. J., Canadian Minister of Justice, VIII, 265 Dolomite passes, III, 393 Domaine Wood, occupied by the French, VIII, 33 Dominion Day, July 1, 1918, VIII, 383 Douai, invested by British, VIII, 59 Douaumont, French attempts to retake, V, 363 Douaumont, French recapture of, VI, 34 Douaumont, German attack at, V, 344 Draper, General, VIII, 392 _Dresden_, German raider, III, 182 Drocourt-Queant line, objective of Canadians, VIII, 391 Dubail, General, commander French First Army, II, 76 Dubno Fortress, capture of, by Russians, V, 161 Dubno Fortress, strength of, IV, 210-211 Dukhonin, General, murder of, VII, 160 Dukla Pass, fighting at, III, 261 Duma, defiance of Czar by, VI, 389 Duma, meeting of, in 1916, VI, 383 Dumba, Dr., recall by Austro-Hungarian Government, V, 11 Dunajec, Battle of, III, 267-273 Dunkirk, bombardment of, by German destroyers, VI, 482 Durazzo, Austrian capture of, IV, 328 Dvina, crossed by Russians, VI, 80 Dvinsk, fighting around, IV, 213 Dyer, General, VIII, 392

East Africa, conquest of, VII, 244 Eastern battle front, conditions on, spring of 1916, V, 116 Eastern front, summary of first year's operations, IV, 174-178 Eastern front, winter on, IV, 250-254 East Prussia, devastation in, III, 313, 317 Eaucourt, l'Abbaye, British capture of, VI, 28 Ebert, Friedrich, VIII, 111 Ecouvillon, VIII, 21 Edea, capture of, III, 67 Edward VII, I, 182 Edwards, General, VIII, 146 Egypt, Abbas II deposed, III, 21 Egypt, attack on, III, 15 Egypt, Germany recognizes British protectorate, VIII, 232 Egypt, Turkish attack on, III, 507 El Kantara, fighting at, IV, 10 Elmsley, General J. H, VIII, 358 _Emden_, career of, II, 226 _Emden_, story of, III, 193-205 Emmich, General von, II, 18 Engineers, American, deeds of, at Cambrai, VII, 94 Engineers, American, with General Carey, VII, 369 England air raids on, IV, 21 England, east coast, attacked by German Zeppelins, II, 460 England, political tendencies of, I, 172 Enver Pasha, II, 499 Erzerum, evacuation of, IV, 389 Erzerum, operations around, III, 9 Erzerum, Turkish losses at, IV, 391 Erzingan, capture of, by Russians, V, 339 Escaudoeuvres, taken by Canadians, VIII, 403 Esperey, General Franchet d', commander French Fifth Army, II, 77 Espionage Bill, divisions of, VI, 338 Exports, embargo on, VI, 341 Eydtkuhnen, attack on, III, 317

Falkenhayn, General, operations in Transylvania, VI, 113 Falkenhayn, General von, in Rumania, V, 109 Falklands, battle off, II, 230 Far Eastern problem in 1910, I, 140 Farquhar, Colonel Francis, killed in action, VIII, 307 Farquhar, Lieut. Col., commands Princess Pats, VIII, 285 Fashoda, I, 166 Faverolles, taken by French, VIII, 18 Fayolle, General, holds 30-mile gap, VII, 277 Federal control for militia, I, 13 Ferdinand, King, decision to join Central Powers, IV, 257 Ferdinand, King of Bulgaria, I, 234 Fere Champenoise, maneuvers of, II, 129 Fere-en-Tardenois, German dynamite houses in, VIII, 10 Festubert, battle of, III, 128-134 Festubert, battle of, VIII, 322 Fifth British Army, retires in German offensive, VII, 276 Fifth Canadian Mounted Rifles, VIII, 353 Finland, agitation for separate government, VII, 140 Finland, attitude toward the Germans, VII, 431 Finland, German operations in, VII, 431 Finnish Government, aims of, VII, 431 First Canadian contingent embarks, VIII, 269 First Canadian Mounted Rifles, VIII, 351 First Ontario Regiment, work of, III, 143 First year's operations on eastern front, summary of, IV, 174-178 First year's operations on western front, summary of, IV, 39-46 Fiset, Colonel E., Canadian Deputy Minister, VIII, 266 Fismes, Americans reach, VII, 416 Fismes, capture of, VIII, 11 Flags, neutral, use of, III, 173 Flame jets, German use of, on the Somme, VI, 20 "Flaming bullets," use of, by Germans, VII, 38 Flanders, Belgian and British advance, VIII, 51 Flanders, Franco-British offensive, VII, 9 Flanders, German raids in, March, 1918, VII, 272 Flanders sector, V, 376 Flers, captured by British, VI, 23 Fleury, German repulse at, V, 368 Floods on the eastern front, effect of, V, 141 Foch, General, II, 122 Foch, General, commander French Ninth Army, II, 94 Foch, General Ferdinand, appointment as Generalissimo, VII, 283 Foch, General Ferdinand, career of, VII, 284 Foch, General, in Battle of the Somme, V, 388 Foch, General, strategy of, in Battle of the Marne, II, 122, 129 Foch, General, success of, at the Marne, I, 89, 92 Foch, Marshal, first part of the program accomplished, VIII, 42 Folies, taken by the British, VIII, 18 Fontaine-les-Croisilles, taken by Canadian and Scottish, VIII, 33 Fontaine-Notre-Dame, VIII, 398 Food control, governmental, VII, 125 Ford peace expedition, V, 53, 55 Ford permanent peace board, V, 55 Forges, German occupation of, V, 345 Fort Loncin, surrenders, II, 21 Foster, Sir George E., Canadian Minister of Trade and Commerce, VIII, 265 Fouquescourt, VIII, 19 "Fourteen Points" of President Wilson, VIII, 108 Fourth Canadian Mounted Rifles, VIII, 351 France, expansion of, I, 29 Francilly-Silency, VIII, 44, 47 Francis, David R., American Ambassador to Russia, VIII, 91 Francis Ferdinand, assassination of, I, 260 Franco-British offensive in Flanders, VII, 9 Franco-Bulgarian operations, IV, 317-318 Franco-Prussian War, I, 129 Franz Ferdinand, diplomatic exchanges in regard to assassination I, 341 French advance in Flanders in October, 1917, VII, 51 French and British envoys, visit of, VI, 351 French armies, mobilization of, I, 297-303 French attack on Douaumont, account of, V, 342-344 French attacks north of the Aisne, VII, 47 French attacks in the Vosges in July and August, 1915, IV, 51 French battle plane, V, 429 French colonial expansion, I, 164 French, General Sir John, attacks Lens, IV, 82 French, General Sir John, commander British forces, II, 61 French, General Sir John, order of, at Marne, II, 105 French in Alsace, IV, 70 French offensive on Somme, VI, 13 French offensive at Verdun, renewal of, VII, 28 French, Sir John, II, 34, 115 French victories at Rheims, VI, 241 French victories at Verdun, VI, 52 French victories between Soissons and Rheims, VI, 240 Fresmieres threatened, VIII, 25 Fresnoy, French attack on, VIII, 32 Fresnoy-le-Grand, VIII, 55 Fresnoy, taken by the Canadians, VIII, 56, 363 Fricourt, British attack upon, V, 393 Freya Line, broken by the Americans, VIII, 72

Galatz, bombardment of, by Bulgarians, VI, 121 Galicia, operations in, IV, 185 Gallipoli, concentration of Turkish troops at, IV, 357 Gallipoli, conditions in August, 1915, IV, 345 Gallipoli, landing on, III, 429-469 Gallipoli, peninsula of, II, 285 Gallipoli, withdrawal from, description of, IV, 366 Garua, capture of, III, 483 Gas attack at Hooge, III, 148 Gas, mustard, VII, 353 Gas, use and effects of, I, 53 Gas warfare, British use masks at Loos, IV, 94 Gas Warfare at second Battle of Ypres, VIII, 309 Gauche Wood, VIII, 44 Gault, Major A, Hamilton, with "Princess Pats," VIII, 285 George, Lloyd, statement in relation to peace, VII, 103 Gerard, Ambassador, VI, 297 Gerard, Ambassador, experiences of, in Germany, VI, 297 German advance in Russia, VII, 422 German air raids on Saloniki, V, 216 German armies in Poland, command of, IV, 181 German armies, mobilization of, I, 292 German army in Belgium, composition of, II, 10 German artillery, II, 264 German assaults on American lines, VII, 356 German attacks against Americans in Lorraine, VII, 347 German attacks at Verdun, VI, 58 German attacks in Rumania, cessation of, VI, 120 German attacks near Dvinsk, V, 184 German claims of losses by submarines, VI, 478 German colonies, VIII, 231 German comments on American troops, VII, 89 German counteroffensive, VIII, 372 German declaration of intentions toward Belgium, I, 487 German declaration of war, I, 278 German defeat by Americans in Lorraine, VII, 355 German destroyers, raid of, VII, 468 German East Africa, German strength in, V, 335 German edict against armed merchantmen, V, 378 German Empire, I, 126 German fleet, surrender of, VIII, 147 German forces, disposition of, in the Somme sector, V, 378 German interned vessels, taken over by the United States, VII, 123 German invasion, plan for, II, 10 German losses at Jutland naval battle, V, 94-98 German losses in Artois, III, 121 German losses in Champagne, IV, 78-79 German losses in great defensive, VII, 355 German losses in retreat across the Marne, VII, 404 German losses in Russo-German campaign, II, 482 German navy league, I, 141 German navy, to be demobilized, VIII, 234 German offensive around Cambrai, VII, 69 German offensive, breakdown in Champagne, IV, 78 German offensive in Artois and Champagne, October, 1915, IV, 105, 125 German peace proposals, rejection of, by Trotzky, VII, 181 German peace terms, acceptance of, by Russia, VII, 425 German plots in United States in 1915, V, 12 German preparations for attack on Verdun, IV, 132 German prisoners taken at Ypres, VII, 41 German prisoners taken by French, VII, 53 German proposals to Belgium, I, 280 German raiders, damage by, III, 188 German raids on the English coast, VI, 482 German reenforcements from Russia, VII, 282 German reply to Pope, VII, 100 German repulse by Americans at Jaulgonne, VII, 379 German retreat, beginning of, VII, 330 German retreat from Chateau-Thierry, VII, 381; VIII, 11 German rupture with the United States, VI, 205-216 German Samoa, II, 242 German ships in American ports, VI, 329 German ships seized by America, VII, 123 German Southwest Africa, campaign in, III, 68 German strategy, I, 34 German submarine campaign, IV, 166 German submarine decree in the United States, VI, 291 German submarine war zone, of February 1, 1917, VI, 208 German terms of peace with Russia, VII, 176-179 German third offensive, beginning of, VII, 325 German troops from Russia, VII, 76 Germans, counterattack, VIII, 28 Germans, hatred of, in Russia, VII, 443 Germans, retreat of, VIII, 58 Germany, air forces of, VIII, 234 Germany, conditions in, VIII, 106 Germany, Japanese declaration of war against, I, 284 Germany, must reduce military force, VIII, 232. Germany, new boundaries, VIII, 225 Germany's declaration of war on Russia, I, 282 Germany's letter to Mexico, VI, 312 Ghent, air raids on, IV, 34 Ghent, occupied by Belgians, VIII, 78 Givenchy, Canadians at, VIII, 334 Givenchy, operations around, III, 187 Goeben, German cruiser, II, 494 Gomiecourt, stormed, VIII, 29 Goritz bridgehead, Austrian attack on, V, 231 Goritz, capture of, VI, 149 Gorizia, attacks on, III, 408 Gough, General Hubert, commands Reserve Army, V, 393 Gouraud, General, VIII, 59 Gouraud, General, enters Sedan, VIII, 76 Gouraud, General, in Champagne, VIII, 47, 53 Gouraud, General, on Hindenburg Line, VIII, 48, 50 Gouy, taken, VIII, 53 Gouzeaucourt, German attack near, VIII, 44 Government, reorganization of, in Russia, VI, 395 Grand Pre, fighting at, VIII, 63 Graves, General William S., VIII, 86 Graves of soldiers, to be respected and maintained, VIII, 234 Great Britain, geographical position of, I, 289 Great War, causes of, I, 258 Greece, attitude of, IV, 280 Greece, British statement in regard to, IV, 313 Greece, conditions in, VII, 369 Greece, political conditions in, VI, 126 Greek fleet, seized by Allies, VI, 137 Greek Forces, demobilization of, V, 223 Greek frontier, Bulgarians cross, V, 214 Greek Government, attack by Venizelos, IV, 311 Greek Provisional Government declares war on Germany, VI, 144 Grey, Sir Edward, declaration in regard to neutrality, I, 281, 316 Grey, Sir Edward, note to American Government on British blockading, V, 30 Guillemat, General, in drive on Hindenburg position, VIII, 69 Guns, long-range, bombard Paris, VII, 277 Guynemer, George, death of, VII, 39 Gwatkin, Colonel W. G., Canadian Chief of Staff, VIII, 266

Haig, Field Marshal, attacks army of Prince Rupprecht, VIII, 12 Haig, Field Marshal, launches offensive of 1918, VIII, 49 Haig, Field Marshal, wins victory of August 8, 1919, VIII, 13 Haig, General Sir Douglas, in Battle of the Aisne, II, 144, 146 Haig, General Sir Douglas, at Battle of Mons, II, 60 Haig, General Sir Douglas, in 1915 offensive, VIII, 323 Haig, Sir Douglas, message of King George to, V, 389 Haig, Sir Douglas, promoted to Commander in Chief, VI, 59 Haig, Sir Douglas, report of, on Canadian operations, VIII, 362 Haig, Sir Douglas, succeeds Sir John French, IV, 116 Haldane, General, takes Flesquieres, VIII, 48 Halicz, battle of, III, 249 Hamel, Americans with Australians, VII, 399 Hamel Woods, taken, VIII, 15 Hamilton, Sir Ian, plans of, III, 437 Hamilton, Sir Ian, report of Gallipoli operations, IV, 362 _Hampshire_, loss of, V, 108 Harbord, General, VIII, 159, 167 Hardecourt, taken by British, VIII, 35 Hartmannsweilerkopf, III, 115 Hartmannsweilerkopf, operations at, in January, 1916, IV, 123 Hansen, General von, II, 56, 94 Haute Deule Canal, crossed by British, VIII, 60 Havrincourt, captured, VIII, 44 Hazen, J. Douglas, Canadian Minister of Marine, Fisheries, and Naval Affairs, VIII, 265 Hedjaz, operations in, VII, 240-242 Heeringen, General von, II, 10 Hendecourt, German counterattacks at, VIII, 37 Hermannstadt, attack on, by Germans, VI, 105 Hertling, Chancellor von, resignation of, VIII, 108 Herzegovina, annexation of, I, 147 Hewlett, Francis E. T., II, 244 Hill, General F. W., VIII, 358 Hill 62, Canadians at, VIII, 353 Hill 70, taken by the Canadians, VIII, 365 Hill 204, capture of, by Americans, VII, 401 Hill 304, battle of, V, 361-371 Hill 304, captured by French, VII, 28 Hindenburg, Field Marshal von, IV, 181; V, 164 Hindenburg, General von, II, 439 Hindenburg Line, British attacks on, VIII, 363 Hindenburg Line, British offensive against, VII, 58 Hindenburg Line, broken, VIII, 54, 56, 57 Hindenburg Line, positions occupied by the Allies, VIII, 33 Hipper, Admiral von, in Battle of Jutland Bank, V, 75 Hirson, occupied by the French, VIII, 75 Hohenzollern Redoubt, V, 373 Holland and Belgium, I, 283 "Holy War," danger of, III, 21 Home Battalions in Canada, VIII, 253 Home Rule Bill in Ireland, I, 43 Hooge, fight for, VIII, 354 Hooge, loss of, VIII, 355 Hooge, operations around, III, 140 Hoover, Herbert C., VII, 125 Hoover, Herbert C., named Food Administrator by President Wilson, VI, 335 Horne, General Sir Henry, on Cambrai front, VIII, 47 Hughes Brigade, VIII, 380 Hughes, General Garnet B., VIII, 355, 358 Hughes, General W. St. P., VIII, 358 Hughes, Hon. Sir Sam, Canadian Minister of Militia and Defense, VIII, 252, 265 Hulluch, operations around, IV, 92 Humbert, General, VIII, 20 Humin, battle of, II, 470 Hungarian frontier, operations along, VI, 470 Hutier, General von, in retreat, VIII, 19, 25, 65

Immelmann, Lieutenant, death of, V, 431 Imperial Munitions Board, VIII, 252 "Infiltration" of troops, employment of, VII, 401 Inter-Allied Naval Council, VII, 81 Intercolonial Railroad, in war, VIII, 428 Intrenchment, value of, I, 67 Ireland, situation in, I, 43 Irkutsk incident, VIII, 83 Isonzo, battles of, VI, 470 Isonzo front, offensive movement along, V, 230 Isonzo frontier, battle on, IV, 394 Ispaha, capture of, V, 334 Isvolsky, A. P., I, 320 Italian aeroplane service, development of, IV, 469 Italian Alpine troops, V, 268 Italian attacks on Monte Rombon, V, 230 Italian coast cities shelled by Austrian squadron, IV, 168 Italian drive for Trieste, VI, 469 Italian front, conditions along, in the spring of 1917, VI, 452 Italian landing at Avlona, IV, 327 Italian losses in Austrian offensive, V, 257 Italian naval bases, IV, 413 Italian navy, operations of, IV, 168 Italian objective in Istria, IV, 417 Italian offensive, VII, 456 Italian offensive, stopped, VI, 473 Italian strategy, problems of, IV, 404-408 Italian war loans, IV, 411 Italians, victories of, VIII, 105, 130 Italy, American troops in, VII, 346 Italy, area of, I, 288 Italy, declares neutrality, I, 281 Italy, history of, I, 188 Italy, revival of military strength, VII, 450 Ivangorod, capture of, III, 365 Ivangorod, fighting around, II, 458

Jablonitza, evacuation of, by Russians, VI, 75 Jagow, Von, G., I, 323 Japan; action of, in Siberia, VII, 432 Japan and Russia, friendly relations between, V, 61 Japan, in siege of Kiao-Chau, II, 221 Japan, modern history of, I, 200 Japan, reasons for entering the war, II, 445 Japanese, at Vladivostok, VIII, 86 Jaroslav, recapture of, II, 411 Jaulgonne, VII, 327, 402 Jellicoe, Admiral, movements at Jutland naval battle, V, 73-108 Jellicoe, Admiral, official report of Jutland battle, V, 90 Jerusalem, capture of, VII, 223-232 Jerusalem, surrender of, VIII, 113 Jewish persecutions in Russia, I, 153 Jews in the Balkans, I, 221 Joffre, General, II, 38 Joffre, General, appointed Commander in Chief of all French armies, IV, 115 Joffre, General, campaign plan, I, 89 Joffre, General, gives orders of August, 25, 1914, II, 78 Joffre, plan of retreat to the Marne, IV, 41 Jura Mountains, Canadian Forestry Corps in, VIII, 289 Jutland Bank, battle of, V, 70-108 Jutland, naval engagement off, IV, 150 Juvigny, in counteroffensive, VII, 335 Juvigny Plateau, won by Mangin's troops, VIII, 30

Kaiser and King of Belgium, interview between, I, 341 Kaledine, General, VII, 139, 167 Kalkfield, capture of, III, 489 Kamimura, Admiral Hilkonijo, commander Japanese fleet, III, 52 Kamio, General Mitsuomi, commander expedition against Kiao-Chau, III, 52 Kantara, German aeroplane raid on, V, 431 Kara-Argan, battle of, III, 12 Kars, attacks on, III, 471 Katshanik Pass, Serbian resistance at, IV, 293 Katshanik Pass, Serbian stand at, IV, 272 Kemp, Hon. A. E., Canadian Minister without portfolio, VIII, 265 Kemp, Rear Admiral, VIII, 89 Kemp, Sir Edward, VIII, 253, 255 Kensington Territorial Battalion, III, 131 Kerensky, Alexander, in Russian Revolution, VI, 393, 419, 497 Kerensky, downfall of, VII, 137, 146 Kermanshah, capture of, by Russians, V, 332 Ketchen, General H. D. B., VIII, 358 Khaki University, VIII, 454, 455 Kiao-Chau, a German concession, III, 46 Kiao-Chau, German Emperor commands to resist, I, 285 Kiel Canal, to be free and open, VIII, 245 Kimpolung, capture of, by Russians, V, 187 _King Edward VII_, British dreadnought, loss of, IV, 164 Kitchener, Earl, II, 34, 47, 305 Kluck, General von, commander German First Army, II, 9, 86, 87 Kluck, Von, retreat of, II, 12 Koenigsberg, fighting around, II, 479 Kornilov, General, rebellion against Soviets, VII, 137 Kossovo Plain, IV, 297, 298 Kovel, German resistance near, V, 167 Kovess, General, in invasion of Serbia, IV, 276 Kovno, attack on, IV, 182 Kovno, battles around, III, 342 Kovno, capture of, IV, 183 Koziowa, attacks on, III, 246 Kragujevatz, capture of, IV, 280 Krasnik, battle of, III, 348 Krithia, attacks on, III, 454 Krithia, attacks on, by Turkish forces, III, 454 _Kronprinz Wilhelm_, cruiser, II, 226 _Kronprinz Wilhelm_, raider, III, 187 Kronstadt, mutiny of Russian fleet of, VI, 414 Kum Kale Fort, III, 438 Kurna, capture of, II, 509 Kut-el-Amara, battle of, IV, 425-436 Kut-el-Amara, British stand at, IV, 444 Kut-el-Amara, surrender of, III, 502

La Bassee, attacks on, II, 178-192 La Bassee Canal, German retreat on, VIII, 53 La Bassee, operations around, IV, 44 La Boisselle, British attack upon, V, 385 La Boisselle, mine explosion, III, 151 Labor, International, VIII, 245 Labor Peace Council, organization of, V, 24 Labyrinth, attacks on, III, 122-123 Labyrinth, the, IV, 108 La Carlotte, taken by the Canadians, VII, 364 La Cateau, taken, VIII, 58 Lafayette Escadrille, VI, 490 Laffaux Mill, taken, VIII, 43 Lake Nyassa, battle in, II, 243 Langle de Gary, General, II, 55 La Neuville, taken, VIII, 15 Lansing, Secretary, answer to German proposals, VI, 294 Lansing, Secretary, conversations with Count von Bernstorff, on Lusitania, IV, 497 _La Provence_, sinking of, IV, 172 Lassigny, VIII, 19, 26 Laurezac, General, commander French Fifth Army, II, 77 Laurier, Sir Wilfrid, on the war, VIII, 423 La Vacquerie, taken, VIII, 51 Lawe River, VIII, 16 League of Nations Covenant, adopted, VIII, 221 League of Nations, plan adopted, VIII, 200 Leckie, General, at second Battle of Ypres, VIII, 310 Lehaucourt, taken, VIII, 51 Le Jeune, General, VIII, 184 Leman, General, defender Liege, II, 15, 19 Lemberg, capture of, II, 387 Lemberg, drive against, summer of 1916, VI, 70-78, 84 Lemberg, threatened capture of, by Russians, V, 163 Le Mesnil sector, movements in, IV, 107 Lempire, VIII, 44, 46 Lenine, arrives in Russia, VI, 408 Lenine, declaration on peace, VII, 154 Lenine, influence of, VI, 408 Lenine, Russian Premier, attempt to assassinate, VIII, 93 Lens-Armentieres front, German retreat on, VIII, 55 Lens, attack around, IV, 82 Lens, attack on Aubers Ridge, VIII, 323 Lens, British successes at, VII, 13 Lens, British reach outskirts, VIII, 39 Lens, Canadian successes at, VII, 32 Lens, conditions in, VI, 245 Lens front, activity on, VIII, 364 Lens, result of German bombardment of, VII, 18 Les Eparges, fighting at, III, 118 Les Eparges, French capture of, IV, 43 Leveque Wood, machine-gun nests in, VIII, 68 Liberia, in Treaty of Peace, VIII, 231 Liberty Loans, VI, 344; VII, 112 Lichnowsky, I, 323 Liege, capture of, II, 22 Liege Forts, fall of, IV, 39 Liege, siege and capture of, II, 12 Liggett, General Hunter, VIII, 167, 178 Liggett, General Hunter, commands American First Army, VIII, 189 Lihons, capture of German division at, VIII, 18 Lille, evacuated, VIII, 55 Linsingen, General von, V, 190, 198 Lipa River, crossing of, by Russians, V, 207 Lipsett, Colonel, at second Battle of Ypres, VIII, 315 Lipsett, General L. J., VIII, 355, 372 Lipsett, General, commands Canadian Second Brigade, VIII, 340 Lipsett, General, commands Canadian Third Division, VIII, 358 Liquid fire, employment of, against Americans, VII, 350 Lloyd-George, David, I, 185 Lloyd-George, Prime Minister, at Peace Conference, VIII, 195 Locon, taken by the British, VIII, 16 Lodz, fighting around, II, 465 Lodz, occupation of, II, 454 Lombaertzyde, bombarded, III, 156 London, air attacks on, VI, 174 London attacked by Zeppelins, IV, 29 London, Zeppelin raid on, in October, 1915, IV, 32 Longueval, British recapture of, V, 408 Longwy, American troops pass through, VIII, 79 Loomis, General, F. O., VIII, 358 Loos, battle of, IV, 23; II, 90-98 Loos, Hill 70, taken by the Canadians, VIII, 365 Loos, operations around, VI, 52 Losses, of Allies, VIII, 35 Lorraine, American operations in, VII, 347 Lorraine, German successes in, VI, 219 Lougheed, Hon. J. A., Canadian Minister without portfolio, VIII, 265 Louvain, capture of, II, 28 Lowestoft, air raid on, IV, 22 Lowestoft, raids on, II, 246 Lowitz, fighting around, II, 465-467 Ludendorff, General, retirement of, VIII, 70 Lukoff, capture of, IV, 194 Luneville, bombardment of, by German aeroplanes, IV, 54 _Lusitania_ crisis in Congress, IV, 496, 502-503 _Lusitania_, sinking of, III, 185, 222 Lutsk, capture of, IV, 202; V, 158 Luxemburg, bombardment of, by aeroplanes, IV, 466 Luxemburg, invasion of, I, 280 Luxemburg, occupation of, by Germans, II, 10 Lvov, Prince George, in Russian revolution, VI, 398, 418 Lys, Battle of, VIII, 378 Lys Canal, crossed by Belgians, VIII, 67 Lys region, fighting in, VII, 297 Lys Salient, British in, VIII, 25 _L-19_ Zeppelin, loss of, V, 424

McAdoo, Wm. G., appointed Director General of Railroads, VII, 131 McBain, Lieut. Col. W., at Valcartier Camp, VIII, 268 MacBrien, General J. H., VIII, 358 MacDonald, Major General D. A., Canadian Quartermaster General, VIII, 266 Macdonell, General A. C., VIII, 349, 368, 372 Macdonell, General A. C., commands Canadian First Division, VIII, 364 Macdonell, General A. H., VIII, 368 MacDougall, Brigadier General, commands Canadian training division, VIII, 304 Macedonia, Allies in, VI, 124 Macedonia, Bulgarian invasion of, IV, 277 Macedonia, conditions in, V, 214 Macedonia, reforms in, I, 238 Macedonia, Serbian advance in, VI, 132 Macedonian Bulgars, II, 280 McGill University, Canada, number enlisted from, VIII, 284 Machinery in the war, I, 66 Mackensen, General von, attack by, in Dobrudja, VI, 109 Mackensen, General von, begins invasion of Serbia, IV, 263 Mackensen, General von, in Galicia, I, 96 Mackensen, General von, takes Pinsk, IV, 206 McLemore Resolution, IV, 505; V, 440 McNeely, Robert N., death of, IV, 157 McPhail's Brigade, VIII, 380 Magny-la-Fosse, taken, VIII, 51 Mainz, British air raids upon, VII 481 Malassise Farm, VIII, 46 Maldon, air raid on, IV, 22 Malmaison Fort, taken, VIII, 49 Malmaison Plateau, VIII, 51 Mangin, General, on way to Mayence, VIII, 79 Mangin, General, strategy of, VIII 25, 26, 59 Mangin, General, takes Soissons VIII, 9 Manoury, General, in Battle of the Aisne, II, 134 Manoury, General, in Battle of the Marne, II, 99 Marcelcave, taken, VIII, 15 Marcoing-Masnieres line taken VIII, 51 Marcoing, taken, VIII, 48 Margate, air attack on, VI, 171 Mariakerke, bombardment of, aerodromes at, V, 431 Marine Corps, exploits of, VII, 395 Marines, American, success in Belleau Wood, VII, 384 Marne, Americans on, VII, 407 Marne, Battle of the, II, 88-138 Marne, counterattack on, VII, 406 Marne district, Canadian Forestry Corps in, VIII, 289 Marne salient, German strength in, VII, 333 Marqueglise, taken, VIII, 18 Marwitz, General von der, in attack on British Fifth Army, VII, 276 Marwitz, General von der, in retreat VIII, 19 Massiges, German attack at, IV, 124 Massiges sector, IV, 76 Matz River, VIII, 17, 20 Maude, General, death of, VIII, 114 Maurepas, French capture, VI, 15 Maximalists, activities of, in Russia VI, 418 Max, Prince of Baden, made German Chancellor, VIII, 108 Mayence, occupied by French, VIII, 79 Mazurian Lakes, battles of, II, 439; III, 313 Medeah Farm, VIII, 54 Medical Corps of Canadian Overseas Force, VIII, 297 Memel, raid on, III, 334 Menin Road, Canadians fight on, VIII, 355 Menin Road--Hill 60, VIII, 354 Mercer, General, VIII, 338 Mercer, General, death of, VIII, 351 Merchantmen, armed, German edict against, V, 60 Merchantmen, submarine warfare on I, 20; IV, 499; V, 60 Messines Ridge, attempts of Germans to capture, VII, 293 Messines Ridge, German defenses on, VI, 264 Messines Ridge, taken by British, VIII, 52 Metzeral, capture of, III, 165 Meuse-Argonne offensive, VIII, 170 Meuse, battles on the left bank of, V, 345-348 Meuse, French successes on the left bank, January, 1917, VI, 64 Mewburn, General, the Hon. S. C., VIII, 253 Mexico. German intrigues in, VI, 312 Mezieres, deluged with gas and explosives, VIII, 78 Microphone, I, 21 Milan, patriotic demonstrations, III, 379 Military league in Balkans, I, 250 Military plans of Central Powers, I, 33 Military tribunals, VIII, 235 Milukov, Paul, appointed Minister of Foreign Relations, VI, 398, 413 Minneapolis, British liner, sinking of, V, 64 Miraumont, VIII, 28 Mitrovitza, capture of, IV, 300 Mlawa, movements before, III, 324 Mobilization, diplomatic papers on, I, 405 Modern warfare, methods of, I, 66 Moeuvres, taken by British, VIII, 45 _Moewe_, German raider, achievements of, IV, 159 _Moldavia_, transport, sunk, VII, 464 Monastir, capture of, by Allies, VI, 141-143 Monchy-le-Preux, taken by Canadians, VIII, 392 _Monmouth_, cruiser, II, 223 Monolithe Farm, taken by the French, VIII, 22 Monoplanes, V, 420 Mons, battle of, II, 60-68 Mons, taken by the British, VIII, 78, 420 Montauban, captured, VIII, 34 Mont Blanc, taken by French and Americans, VIII, 54 Mont des Singes, taken by French, VIII, 43 Montdidier, capture of, VIII, 17 Montdidier, French successes at, 1918, VII, 314 Monte Altissimo, seizure of, by Italians, IV, 396 Monte Ancora, Italian attack on, V, 243 Monte Grappa, VIII, 125 Montenegrin army, II, 359 Montenegrin nationality, I, 259 Montenegrin surrender, criticism of, IV, 336 Montenegro, conquest of, IV, 329 Montenegro in the war, II, 358-361 Monte Sisemol, French troops on, VIII, 99 Montmedy, American soldiers welcomed, VIII, 79 Mont St. Eloi, III, 121 Mont St. Simeon, occupied by the French, VIII, 37 Moreuil, taken by French, VIII, 15 Morlancourt, Germans at, VIII, 15 Mormal Forest, British in, VIII, 73 Morocco, French annexation, I, 138 Morocco, in Treaty, VIII, 232 Morrison, Colonel, at second Battle of Ypres, VIII, 312 Mortemer, taken by the French, VIII, 17 Mort Homme, battle of, V, 345, 354, 369 Motor cars, work of, VIII, 31 Motor Zeppelins, V, 418 Mount Lovcen, effect of capture of, on Italian campaign, IV, 399 Mount Sorrell, Canadians at, VIII, 353 Mucke, captain of _Ayesha_, III, 193 Muelhausen, capture of, by French, IV, 40 Mueller, Captain von, II, 229 Munitions, work of Canadian factories, VIII, 430 Murman coast, American forces on, VII, 441 Murmansk Peninsula, Allies on, VIII, 89 Mush, Armenian massacre at, IV, 378 Mush, fighting around, V, 294 Mush, Russian capture of, III, 479 Mustard Gas, VIII, 21 Mustard Gas, in ruins of Roye, VIII, 35

Namema, capture of, V, 360 Namur, capture of, II, 53 Nantel, Hon. W. B., Canadian Minister of Inland Revenue, VIII, 266 Narotch Lake, Russian attack around, V, 124 Nasiriyeh, Turkish defeat at, IV, 422 Natal, destruction of, IV, 163 National Army, composition of, IV, 423 National Army, training of, VII, 116 National Society, I, 287 Nationality, growth of, I, 258 Nationality in Serbia, I, 259 Nauroy, taken, VIII, 50 Naval aeroplanes, British raids by, VI, 280 Naval battle of Jutland, V, 70-108 Naval Conference, VII, 81 Naval engagements, VII, 468 Naval losses, IV, 143-144; V, 113-115 Naval losses at the end of the third year of the war, VI, 484 Naval losses in two years, V, 113-115 Naval policy, German, I, 44 Naval situation beginning with the second year, IV, 143 Naval strength of Austria, II, 206 Naval strength of Germany, II, 204 Naval strength of Great Britain, II, 197 Naval warfare, surrender of the German Fleet, VIII, 147 Navy, American, I, 11; VII, 119 Navy, Canadian, VIII, 301 Neidenburg, capture of, II, 437 Neutral flags, use of, III, 173 Neutral shipping, loss of, IV, 170 Neutral vessels in American ports, VII, 128 Neuve Chapelle, battle of, III, 83-92 Neuve Chapelle, Canadian artillery engaged at, VIII, 306 Neuve Eglise, taken by the British, VIII, 40 Neuville St. Remy, VIII, 52 Neuville St. Vaast, III, 127 New Zealanders between Croisilles and Bapaume, VIII, 34 New Zealanders, gallantry of, at Suvla Bay, IV, 356 New Zealanders take La Vacquerie, VIII, 51 Nicholas II, abdication of, VI, 403 Nicholas II assumes command of Russian army, IV, 188 Nicholas II, murder of, VII, 447 Nicholas II, reply to Kaiser's message, I, 440 Nicholas II, reply to Serbian Crown Prince, I, 417 Nicholas, Grand Duke, II, 373; VI, 490 Nicholas, Grand Duke, farewell to his army, IV, 189 Nicholas, King of Montenegro, IV, 330 Nicholas, Russian Czar, abdicates, VI, 404 Niemen, operations along, III, 330 Nieuport, German attack on, III, 269 Nigeria, fighting in, III, 482 Nish, fall of, IV, 288 Nivelle, General, VI, 246, 349 Northcliffe, Lord, appointed Commissioner to United States, VI, 355 North Sea, battle of, II, 252 Notre Dame de Lorette, attacks on, III, 155 Notre Dame de Lorette, operations around, IV, 88 Novo Georgievsk, capture of, III, 364; IV, 184 Noyon, Allies control roads, VIII, 20 Noyon, taken by French, VIII, 36 Nuredin Pasha, commander of Turks in Mesopotamia, IV, 426 _Nuernberg_, II, 224 Nyassaland, fighting in, III, 495

Odessa, bombardment of, by aeroplanes, VI, 493 Odlum, General V. W., VIII, 358, 376 Oise, operations along, VII, 308 Oise River, VIII, 20 Oise-Sambre Canal, French force passage of, VIII, 73 Oise Valley, French victories in, VIII, 25 Olti, battle of, III, 478 Orchard, Canadian attack on, VIII, 325 Ortelsburg, capture of, II, 437 Oslavia Heights, capture of, by Italians, IV, 408 Ossowetz, bombardment of, III, 329 Ostend Harbor, blocking of, VII, 473 Ostend, King Albert and Queen Elizabeth enter, VIII, 62 Ostend, raids on, by French and British aviators, IV, 56; VI, 173 Ostrolenka, capture of, III, 360 Otani, General Kikugo, VIII, 86 Otavi, battle of, III, 490

Pachitch, Serbian Premier, declaration of intention of, IV, 289 _Palembang_, V, 62 Panet, General, VIII, 392 Pan-Slavism, I, 151 Paris, air raids on, IV, 19, 463 Paris, bombarded by long-range guns, VI, 278 Paris-Plage, headquarters of Canadian Forestry Corps, VIII, 289 Parvillers, taken by Australians, VIII, 21 Pashitch, N. P., the Serbian premier, I, 321 Passchendaele, VIII, 365-366 Passchendaele-Gheluvelt Ridge, capture of, by British, VII, 43 Passes, battle of, III, 241-244 Paterson, General R. W., VIII, 367 Peace Conference, VIII, 193 Peace Conference, representation at, VIII, 193 Peace negotiations of Bolsheviki and Germany, VII, 156-157 Peace, Russia's efforts for, I, 483 Pegoud, Alphonse, French aviator, death of, IV, 50 Pelletier Hon. L. P., Canadian Postmaster General, VIII, 266 Pelves, taken by Canadians, VIII, 35 Pensions, in Canada, VIII, 441 Perly, Sir George H., VIII, 302 Peronne, British air raids, on, VII, 278 Peronne, captured by Australians, VIII, 38 Peronne, French advance upon, V, 390 Pershing, General John J., commander of the American Expeditionary Force, VI, 356 Pershing, General John J., commands at St. Mihiel, VIII, 43 Pershing, General John J., reaches France, VIII, 152 Pershing, General John J., at Souilly, VIII, 180 Persia, British position in, IV, 419 _Persia_, British steamship, sinking of, IV, 157 Persia, campaign in, III, 474 Persia, Russian advance in, V, 331 Persian Gulf, strategic importance of, II, 505 Perthes, movement around, III, 79 Petain, General, VII, 322 Petain, General, attacks on Ailette River, VIII, 43 Petain, General, report of operations at Verdun, V, 358 Petain, Marshal, enters Metz, VIII, 79 Peter, King of Serbia, IV, 290 Petit Vimy, token by Canadians, VIII, 362 Petrograd Council, reaction in, VII, 139 Piave, Italian halt at, VII, 208 Picardy battle, American operations in, VII, 372 "Pimple, The," VIII, 359, 361 Pinsk, capture of, IV, 206 Pinsk Marshes, Russian successes in, V, 197 Plumer, General, in advance to Cologne, VIII, 79 Poincare, President, opens Peace Conference, VIII, 193 Poison gas, employment of, by British, VII, 35 Poland, acquisition by Treaty of Peace, VIII, 228 Poland, Austrian, II, 272 Poland, southern, campaign in, III, 345 Poland, winter campaign in, II, 463 Pontruet, captured VIII, 47 Pope Benedict, efforts at peace, VII, 97 Pope, temporal power of, I, 189 Poperinghe, Canadians buried at, VIII, 351 _Portugal_, Russian hospital ship, sinking of, V, 64 Portuguese seizure of German ships, V, 60 Portuguese troops, achievements of, VII, 291 Preparedness, naval, I, 19 President Wilson's note on American rights, IV, 503-504 Pressburg, Treaty of, I, 84 Press organizations, I, 117 Price, Captain William, at Valcartier Camp, VIII, 268 Prince, Norman, death of, in air battle, VI, 181 Princess Patricias, VIII, 352 "Princess Pats," VIII, 321 "Princess Pats" at St. Eloi, VIII, 307 "Princess Pats," first fight of, VIII, 305 "Princess Pats" joins Twenty-seventh British Division, VIII, 304 "Princess Pats" leaves England for the front, VIII, 304 "Princess Pats" Regiment, VIII, 285, 352 _Prinz Eitel Friedrich_, German raider, III, 179 Prinzip, Gabrilo, I, 261 Pripet Marshes, character of, IV, 209 Pripet Marshes, operations in, V, 152 Prisoners and guns, taken by Canadians, VIII, 396, 406, 421 Prisoners and guns, taken by Canadians in August, 1918, VIII, 389 Prisoners of Allies, VIII, 35 Prisoners, repatriation of, VIII, 235 Prisoners, taken by the Allies, VIII, 16, 20, 31, 39, 51, 60, 69 Pristina, capture of, IV, 300 Pro-German propaganda in United States, IV, 505 Protopopoff, opposes Duma, VI, 488 Provisional Government of the Country of the North, VIII 89 Proyart, VIII, 19 Prussian Guards, defeat of, by Americans, VII, 412 Prussia's increase in power, I, 161 Przasnysz, battles of, III, 324 Przemysl, recapture, III, 301-305 Przemysl, Russian capture of, III, 348 Przemysl, siege of, II, 405 Puisieux-au-Mont, VIII, 22 Putnik, General, commander Serbian Army, II, 322; IV, 274

Queant-Drocourt "switch line" carried by the British, VIII, 39 _Queen Elizabeth_ at naval surrender, VIII, 147 Quesnoy Wood, taken, VIII, 36 Quincy, taken, VIII, 28

Radoslavov, Premier of Bulgaria, III, 372 Radziviloff, Austrian victory at, IV, 204 Ramsgate, air raids on, IV, 26 Ramillies, taken by Canadians, VIII, 402 Rancourt, capture of, by the French, VI, 27 Rasputin, assassination of, VI, 221 Rawlinson, General, attack by Germans, VIII, 21 Rawlinson, General, in advance to Cologne, VIII, 79 Rawa-Russka, battle of, II, 395 Read, General George, VIII, 183 Red Cross in Serbia, II, 354 Reichstag, Bethmann-Hollweg's statement in, I, 502 Reid, Hon. J. D., Canadian Minister of Customs, VIII, 265 Rennenkampf, General, II, 443 Rennie, General R., VIII, 358, 388 Rennie, General, attacks machine-gun position, VIII, 331 Rensburg, Van, II, 577 Reparations, VIII, 236 Respirators, use of, I, 53 Ressons-sur-Matz, taken by French, VIII, 17 Rheims, bombardment of, II, 146-153; III, 152, 154; VI, 237 Rheims, German attack upon, VII, 317 Rhine bridgeheads, to be held by the Allies, VIII, 246 Rhodesia, border fighting in, III, 495 Ribecourt, taken by the French, VIII, 20 Rifles used in different armies, I, 26 Riga-Dvinsk sector, German offensive against, V, 125, 128 Riga, Gulf of, Russian torpedo boats in, V, 151 Riga, Russo-German operations around, V, 204 Rights at sea, assertion of, by United States Government, IV, 480 Rizeh, Russian occupation of, V, 294 Roche, Hon. W. J., Canadian Minister of the Interior, VIII, 265 Rockwell, Kiffin, death of, in air battle, VI, 181 Redman, Roar-Admiral Hugh, VIII, 147 Rodzianko, President of Duma, VI, 394 Roeux, taken, VIII, 33 Rogers, Robert, Canadian Minister of Public Works, VIII, 265 Roosevelt, Theodore, efforts to command troops in France, VI, 335 Root, Elihu, arrival of, in Russia as American Commissioner, VI, 417 Roubaix, taken by the Allies, VIII, 63 Roulers, attack on, II, 183 Roulers, taken by Belgians, VIII, 52 Rovereto, Italian advance toward, V, 244 Rovereto, Italian attack on, IV, 396; V, 244 Rovno Fortress, strength of, IV, 212 Royal Canadian Navy, VIII, 301 Royal Canadian Naval Volunteer Reserve, VIII, 301 _Royal Edward_, British troopship, sinking of, IV, 149 Royal Flying Corps, British, activities of, V, 425 Royal Military College, Kingston, Canada, VIII, 266 Roye, capture of, VII, 280 Roye, investment of, VIII, 32 Roye, taken by the French, VIII, 33 Rozan, capture of, III, 361 Rozieres, taken by British, VIII, 18 Ruffey, General, II, 55 Rumania, conditions in, VII, 250, 252 Rumania, military strength of, VI, 185-186 Rumania, neutrality of, IV, 256 Rumanian raid across the Danube, VI, 106-111 Rumilly, VIII, 52 Rupprecht, Crown Prince, in battle with British, VIII, 29 Russia, area of, I, 286 Russia, Allied military intervention in, VIII, 85 Russia and Great Britain in Persia, I, 185 Russia, Czechoslovaks in, VIII, 80 Russia, German advance in, VII, 436 Russia, German peace with, VII, 420 Russia, in Treaty of Peace, VIII, 230 Russia, advance on the eastern front, V, 120 Russian advance on Trebizond, IV, 389 Russian armies, mobilization of, I, 309 Roman army, characteristics of, I, 55 Russian artillery activity, V, 134 Russian defeat, effect of, on Dardanelles campaign, IV, 364 Russian disorganization, attempts by Germans, VI, 422 Russian foreign policy, I, 151 Russian grand dukes, arrest of, VII, 137 Russian losses in August, 1915, IV, 202-203 Russian losses in Russo-German campaign, II, 488 Russian mobilization, I, 405 Russian note to Great Powers, July 25, 1914, I, 271 Russian offensive against Caucasus, reasons for, IV, 383 Russian offensive in the east, beginning of, V, 154 Russian peace terms with Germany, VII, 424 Russian Poland, II, 268 Russian pursuit of Turkish forces, V, 292 Russian retreat, IV, 229, 239 Russian retreat in Persia, V, 336 Russian revolution, foreshadowing of, VI, 363-365 Russian rout in Galicia, VI, 445-447 Russian torpedo boats in the Gulf of Riga, V, 147 Russia's attitude on coercion of Serbia, I, 377 Russia's strategy in the East, II, 483 Russky, General, II, 377 Russky, General, retires from command, IV, 254

Saarbruecken, bombardment of, by French aeroplanes, IV, 48 St. Eloi, British attack at, V, 72 St. Eloi, Canadian Second Division at, VIII, 342 St. Eloi, "Princess Pats" at, VIII, 307 St. Eloi Sector, VIII, 355 St. Gobain Forest, VIII, 59 St. Julien, assaults on, III, 102 St. Julien, taken by the Germans, VIII, 316 St. Mard, taken, VIII, 32 St. Mihiel, French successes at, VI, 231 St. Mihiel salient, American operations in, VII, 349 St. Mihiel Salient, VIII, 163 St. Mihiel salient, attacks on, VII, 349 St. Mihiel Salient, taken, VIII, 43 St. Nazaire, Canadian troops arrive at, VIII, 304 St. Paul-aux-Bois, taken by French, VIII, 28 St. Quentin-Cambrai, British attack, VIII, 53 St. Quentin Canal, American attacks on, III, 116 St. Quentin, operations around, VI, 236 St. Quentin, taken by the French, VIII, 52 Saloniki, Allied forces at, V, 211 Saloniki, bombardment by aeroplanes, V, 429 Saloniki, fortification of, IV, 321 Saloniki, German air raid on, V, 212 Salonika, importance of, I, 61 Saloniki Railway, importance of, I, 100 Samogneux, abandonment of, by French, IV, 137 Samsonoff, General, II, 436 San, battle of, III, 297, 301 San, battles of the, II, 398 Sanctuary Wood, Canadians fight in, VIII, 354 Saponay, taken by French, VIII, 9 Sapignies, taken, VIII, 31 Sarajevo, I, 260; II, 277 Sari Bair, attack on, IV, 348 Sarrail, General, commands French Third Army, II, 76 Sarrail, General, commands French troops in Serbia, IV, 279 Sarrail, General, offensive by, VI, 124-126 Sarre Basin, French rights in, VIII, 227 Scarborough, raids on, II, 247 Scarpe River, VIII, 30 Scheer, Admiral von, in Battle of Jutland Bank, V, 76 Scheldt Canal, crossed by British, VIII, 56 Scheldt Canal, Germans blow up bridges, VIII, 75 Scheldt Canal, passage forced, VIII, 53 Scheldt River, Germans retreat on, VIII, 67 Scotch, on Ancre, VI, 43 Scotland, Zeppelin attacks on, V, 428 Sea combats, fatalities in, I, 25 Sea command and troop transportation, I, 24 Seaplanes in attack on merchantmen, IV, 471 Sea power as a factor in war, I, 18 Sea power, importance of, I, 41 Second Canadian Division, VIII, 286 Second Canadian Infantry Brigade, VIII, 353 Second Liberty Loan, VII, 112, 113 Sedan, entered by General Gouraud, VIII, 76 Seeley, Major General J. E. B., commands Canadian Cavalry Brigade, VIII, 286, 332, 367 Seicheprey, VII, 359 Seicheprey, attacks on Americans at, VII, 359 Selective Draft Law, VI, 346 Semendria, bombardment of, IV 269 Semenov, General, VIII, 87 Serbia advised to seek British mediation, I, 408 Serbia, area of, I, 286 Serbia, invasion of, II, 301; IV, 177 Serbia, northern, conquest of, by Germans, IV, 277 Serbia, offers of peace, III, 376 Serbian advance in Macedonia, VI, 132 Serbian Allies retreat to Albania, IV, 303 Serbian army, strength of, in November, 1915, IV, 293, 294 Serbian invasion of Austria II, 323 Serbian nation, flight of, IV, 301 Serbian propaganda in Bosnia and Herzegovina, I, 259 Serbian reply to Austrian note, I, 265-270 Serbian resistance at Babuna Pass, IV, 283 Serbian troops, transport of, across Greek territory, V, 218 Sereth River, crossing of, by Russian forces, V, 178 Sergy, capture of, by Americans, VII, 413 Seringes, capture of, by Americans, VII, 414 Shabatz, battle of, II, 317 Shantung, Japan acquires German rights, VIII, 232 Shipbuilding, in Canada, VIII, 432 Shipbuilding program, VI, 343 Shipping, neutral, loss of, IV, 170 Ships of American registry, seizure by British, V, 49 Shumadia Division of Serbian army, heroism of, IV, 275 Siberia, American participation in, VII, 449 Sibert, William, active commander of American expeditionary force, VI, 357 Simonds, Frank H., summary of two years of war, V, 461, 502 Sims, Admiral, commander of American destroyer flotilla, VI, 357 Sinai Peninsula, invasion of, II, 501 Sixth French army at the Marne, IV, 41 Smith-Dorrien, General, II, 60 Soissons, operations around, V, 376; VII, 311 Soissons, Rheims front, VIII, 9 Soissons-Rheims salient, Allied progress in, VII, 332 Soissons, taken by the Allies, VIII, 9 Soldau, capture of, II, 437 Soldiers' and Workmen's Council, VII, 141 Soldiers' Civil Reestablishment, VIII, 448 Soldier Settlement Board in Canada, VIII, 439 Somme Canal, crossed, VIII, 39 Somme, battles of, beginning, V, 377 Somme, British and French offensive on the, VI, 27 Somme offensive, object of Allies in, V, 377 Somme offensive, preparations for, V, 384 Somme offensive, spring of, 1916, VI, 9 Somme, second phase of battle, V, 403 Sophia, Queen of Greece, intrigues of, VII, 248 Souain sector, movements in, IV, 71-72 Souchez, attacks on, III, 124, 125 Souchez, Canadian raids at, VI, 222 Souchez, French attack on, IV, 84 Souchez River, VIII, 361 Southwest Africa, British conquest of, III, 484, 493 Soviets, President Wilson's message to, VII, 428 Spee, Admiral von, II, 230 Speed plane, use of, in warfare, V, 421 Spies in warfare, I, 71 Stallupoehnen, battle of, II, 435 Steele, General, VIII, 339 Steele, Major General S. B., commands Second Canadian Division, VIII, 281 Stepanovitch, Marshal, directs Serbian retreat, IV, 29 Stewart, Major, death of, VIII, 354 Stokhod, operations around, VI, 73 Stokhod River, battle on, VI, 76-81 Stony Mountain, VIII, 335 Stony Mountain, work of Canadians at, III, 145 Strategic advantages of Central Powers, I, 32 Strypa River, fighting along, IV, 223 Strypa River, Russian artillery attacks along, V, 138 Stuttgart, bombardment of, by French aviators, IV, 61 Styr River, IV, 223-229 Submarine attacks on American transports, VI, 358 Submarine campaign, German, IV, 166 Submarine, effectiveness of, I, 19 Submarine, evidence for detecting, I, 21 Submarine, German efficiency of, IV, 187 Submarine negotiations between Germany and United States, VI, 194 Submarine warfare, III, 209, 222; VI, 182, 188 Submarine warfare, attitude of Grand Admiral von Tirpitz toward, IV, 499 Submarine warfare in the spring of 1917, VI, 475 Submarine, when dangerous, I, 20 Submarines, aeroplane warfare on, V, 414 Submarines and battleships, I, 19, 20 Submarines and merchantmen, I, 20 Submarines, destroyed by United States naval vessels, VII, 467 Suez Canal, attacks on, III, 509 Suez Canal, defenses of, III, 18, 19; IV, 11 Summerall, General, VIII, 159 Summary of first year's operations on the western front, IV, 39, 46 Summary, Two Years of the War, V, 461 Supreme War Council, VII, 81 _Sussex_, Channel steamer, sinking of, V, 63 Suvla Bay, fighting at, IV, 355 Suvla Bay, plan of attack, IV, 347 Suwalki, occupation of, II, 448 _Sydney_, victorious over Emden, II, 229

Talaat Bey, orders Armenian massacre, IV, 378 Tank, first employment of, VI, 45 Tanks, cooperation of, VIII, 31 "Tanks," employment of, by British, VII, 59 Tanks, first employment of, by Germans, VII, 298 Tanks, in British advance of 1918, VIII, 27 Tanks, transformed into forts, VIII, 45 Tanks, with Canadian Corps, VIII, 380 Tannenberg, battle of, II, 438 Tergovistea, capture of, by Austro-Germans, VI, 117 Terrorism in Russia, I, 153 Thiepval, British successes around, VI, 17 Thiepval Ridge, VIII, 31 Thiescourt, taken, VIII, 29 Thiescourt Wood, occupied, VIII, 25 Third British Army, advance of, VIII, 26 Third Corps, on the west bank of the Meuse, VII, 408 Third Toronto Regiment, work of, III, 143 Tigris River, conditions in, IV, 426 Tilleloy, VIII, 19 Time limit for opening hostilities, controversy over, I, 369 Todoroff, General, IV, 272 Todoroff, General, commands Bulgarian Second Army, IV, 270 Togoland, campaign in, III, 62 Torpedoes, effectiveness of, I, 23 Toul sector, American operations in, VII, 353, 354 Tournai, captured, VIII, 75 Townshend, General, in campaign against Bagdad, IV, 422 Townshend, General, sent by Turks to ask armistice, VIII, 136 Trade, foreign, of Germany, I, 49 Training, military, importance of, I, 14 Transit, through Germany, VIII, 244 Transloy, British at, VI, 65 Transports, protection of, I, 18 Trans-Siberian railway, I, 153 Transylvania, operations of General Falkenhayn in, VI, 108 Treaty of Peace, VIII, 221 Trebizond, occupation of, V, 297 Trebizond, Russian advance on, IV, 390 Trench bombs, I, 75 Trench fighting, I, 68 Trentino front, activities along, VI, 452 Trieste, Italian drive for, VI, 463 Trieste, Italians land at, VIII, 135 Triple Alliance, renewal of, I, 141 Triple Entente, formation of, I, 158 Trotzky, Leon, attitude toward Germany, VII, 183 Trotzky, Leon, career of, VII, 152 Trugny, American struggle for, VII, 409 Turkey and the war, I, 62 Turkish accounts of abandonment at Gallipoli, IV, 371 Turkish attack on Russians, IV, 256 Turkish booty at Trebizond, V, 304 Turkish defeat at Kut-el-Amara, IV, 422 Turkish defeat at Nasiriyeh, IV, 422 Turkish flight from Erzerum, IV, 389 Turkish navy, operations of, IV, 170 Turner, General R. E. W., commands Second Canadian Division, VIII, 286, 339, 340 Turner, General R. E. W., at second battle of Ypres, VIII, 309 Turner, General Sir R. E. W., in charge of administration of Canadian troops in England, VIII, 252 _Tuscania_, sinking of, VII, 461 Tuxford, General, VIII, 355, 358 Typhus, epidemic of, II, 356 Typhus in the Caucasus, III, 475

_U-53_, exploits of, VI, 194 Uganda protectorate, I, 180 Ukraine, agitation for separate government, VII, 140 Ukrainia, condition in, VII, 185 Ukrainia, invasion of, by Germans, VII, 429 Ukrainia, martial law in, VII, 435 Ultimatum, American, to Germany, V, 449 Unification of Germany, I, 130 United Siberian Government, VIII, 87 United States, German propaganda in, IV, 505 United States, Government and _Sussex_, V, 443 University of Toronto, number enlisted from, VIII, 284 Ussuri River, Japanese defeat Bolsheviki on, VIII, 87

Valcartier Camp, VIII, 268 Valenciennes, Germans flood country around, VIII, 68 Valenciennes, objective of British First Army, VIII, 414 Valenciennes, taken by Canadians, VIII, 71, 421 Van, Russian successes in, III, 477 Vauquois, attacks on, III, 157 Vauvillers, taken by British, VIII, 18 Vauxaillon, French advance toward, VIII, 40 Vaux Fort, French recapture of, VI, 37-39 Vaux, French defense of, V, 351, 367 Vaux, German attacks on, V, 363 Vaux, German counterattacks at, VII, 398 Vendhuile, Germans evacuate, VIII, 46 Venice, air raids on, III, 426; VI, 169 Venizelos, attacks of, on Greek Government, IV, 311 Venizelos, E., I, 60; V, 217 Venizelos, statement on conditions in Greece, V, 317 Verdun, attack on, I, 64 Verdun, bombardment of, IV, 131 Verdun, effect of siege, V, 371 Verdun, French victories at, VI, 54 Verdun, German attacks northwest of, VII, 52 Verdun, preparation in, IV, 133 Verdun, struggle for, IV, 131, 142 Vesle River, Americans on, VII, 416 Vesle River, crossed by Allies, VIII, 11 Vesle River, floods hamper German retreat, VIII, 12 Victor Emanuel III, I, 194 Ville-en-Tardenois, taken by Allies, VIII, 9 Villeneuve, entered by French, VIII, 10 Villers-aux-Erables, taken by French, VIII, 15 Villers Bretonneux, taken, VII, 299 Villers-Cotterets Wood, VII, 319 Villers-Guislain, taken, VIII, 51 Vilna, campaign against, IV, 187, 192 Vimy front, VIII, 368, 369 Vimy Ridge, VIII, 357, 370 Vimy Ridge, capture of, by Canadians, VI, 239 Vimy Ridge, taken by Canadians, VIII, 360, 362 Vis-en-Artois, occupied, VIII, 33 Viviani, Rene, I, 318 Vladivostok, occupation of, by Czecho-Slovaks, VII, 446 Volhynia, Austrian offensive, V, 138 Von Bernstorff, Count, propaganda in United States, IV, 485 Von Bethmann-Hollweg, attitude on submarine issue, IV, 485 Von der Goltz, Baron, military governor of Belgium, II, 53 Von Jagow, interview with Sir E. Goschen, I, 502 Von Mackensen, commands German forces in Serbia, IV, 258 Von Papen, recall demanded, V, 26 Von Rintelen, Franz, activities of, V, 22, 28 Von Tirpitz, Grand Admiral, attitude toward submarine warfare, IV, 484 Vouziers, occupied, VIII, 59 Vrely, taken by the British, VIII, 18 Vukotich, General, II, 360

War and machinery, I, 66 War debt, German, IV, 433 War, German declaration of, VI, 103 War service gratuity, VIII, 442 War Trade Board, VIII, 436 Warsaw, attack on, II, 450 Warsaw, capture of, III, 366-368 Warsaw, movements upon, III, 346 Warsaw, occupation of, by Germans, IV, 178 Warspite, Jutland, V, 89 Warvillers, taken, VIII, 18 War zone, establishment of, III, 170 Watson, Colonel, VIII, 317 Watson, General, VIII, 347, 372 Watson, General, commands Canadian Fourth Division, VIII, 358 Weapons of the Allies, VIII, 42 Wemyss, Rear Admiral Rosslyn E., commands convoy of Canadian troops, VIII, 269 Western front activity in, in January, 1916, IV, 121 Western front on February 1, 1916, IV, 126 Western front, situation in, on August 1, 1915, IV, 46 Western front, summary of the first year's operations on, IV, 39-46 Wheat requirements, VII, 127 Whitby, raids on, II, 247 White, Sir Thomas, Canadian Minister of Finance, VIII, 265 Whitehaven, raids on, IV, 119 Whitlock, Brand, efforts to aid Miss Cavell, IV, 100, 101 Wilhelm II, abdication of, VIII, 112 Wilhelm II, address to army and navy, VIII, 106 Wilhelm II, arraigned for war responsibility, VIII, 235 William II, accession of, I, 134 Williams, Colonel V. A. S., Canadian Adjutant General, VIII, 266 Williams, General Victor, VIII, 349, 351 Wilson, President, address before Congress, April, 1917, VI, 320-326 Wilson, President, addresses Congress on armed neutrality, VI, 304 Wilson, President, addresses Congress on issues with Germany, V, 448 Wilson, President, addresses Congress on peace, VII, 103 Wilson, President, address of, April, 1918, VII, 349 Wilson, President, and Congress, V, 434 Wilson, President, at Peace Conference, VIII, 195 Wilson, President, letter to Congress, IV, 503 Wilson, President, proclamation convening Congress, VI, 319 Wilson, President, reads draft of constitution of the League of Nations, VIII, 208 Wilson, President, reply to Pope Benedict, VII, 99 Wilson, President Woodrow, suggests armed neutrality, VI, 304 Wilson, President, suspicion of pro-German propaganda in Congress, IV, 505 Wilson, President Woodrow, war message of, VI, 320-326 Windhoek, capture of, III, 489 Wirballen, attacks on, III, 317 Wire, barbed, and shrapnel, I, 73 Women, in Canadian munition works, VIII, 433 Wuerttemberg, Duke Albert von, II, 10

Xivray, German attack upon, VII, 363

Yani Sandanski, I, 245 Yarmouth, raids on, II, 246 _Yarrowdale_, prisoners in Germany, VI, 297 Younghusband, General, IV, 446 Y. M. C. A., Canadian, VIII, 454, 456 Young Turks, I, 243 Yperlee Canal, III, 107 Ypres, attack on, II, 171, 172, 174 Ypres, bombardment of, III, 95 Ypres, bombardment of, by Germans, VII, 301 Ypres, British retire from, VII, 297 Ypres, first battle of, IV, 44 Ypres, German success at, in February, 1916, IV, 122 Ypres-Roulers Railway, VIII, 366 Ypres, second battle of, III, 99, 106; VIII, 308 Ypres, second British line readjusted, VIII, 318 Ypres sector, operations in, in March, 1916, V, 372, 373 Yser, battle of, II, 168 Yser, movements at, III, 167 Yser region, flood in, IV, 117

Zaimis, Alexander, Greek Premier, V, 227 Zanzibar, I, 180 Zeebrugge, British attacks on, VI, 482 Zeebrugge Harbor, blocking of, VII, 470, 473 Zeebrugge, occupied by the Allies, VIII, 63 Zeebrugge, shelling of, by British fleet, V, 66 Zeppelin attack on Warsaw, IV, 19 Zeppelin, Count Ferdinand, death of, VI, 494 Zeppelin raid on London in October, 1915, IV, 466 Zeppelin raids on England, IV, 16, 466; V, 422; VI, 494 Zeppelin raids over the British Isles, IV, 467 Zeppelins, destruction of, IV, 468 Zeppelins, losses of, numbers destroyed, VI, 179 Zollern Redoubt, VIII, 357 Zungar Valley, Austro-Italian operations in, V, 235