Chapter 41
THE GREATER NEW YORK
The time came when the city of New York grew beyond the limits of the Island of Manhattan, though the island had seemed such a boundless tract of land, that it had been thought laughable for the City Plan to provide for streets over its entire length. The city grew larger and larger. It stretched up to the Harlem River, leaped over it and went branching out into the country beyond. Great libraries were built; hospitals for the sick; prisons for the wrong-doer, markets, churches, public institutions of every kind. Buildings grew taller and taller until they came to be twenty and twenty-five stories high. Even then there were so many people that there were not houses enough to hold them all. So they swarmed over into the already large city of Brooklyn, on Long Island. And the ferry-boats being no longer able to carry the vast crowds in comfort, a great suspension bridge was built over the East River from New York to Brooklyn. At last the city of New York and the city of Brooklyn had so much in common, that they, with some of their suburbs, were united into one great city in the year 1898.
Then the Island of Manhattan became simply the Borough of Manhattan, one of the five boroughs of Greater New York.
So the story of the Island of Manhattan is ended.
TABLE of EVENTS
Year
1609. Hudson discovers the island of Manhattan
1613. Ship Tiger burned
1614. United New Netherland Company organized
1614. Fort Manhattan built
1621. West India Company organized
1626. Peter Minuit Governor Fort Amsterdam built
1629. Charter adopted under which the Manors were established
1633. Van Twillier Governor
1636. Annetje Jans' Farm laid out
1638. William Kieft appointed Governor
1641. First Cattle Fair held on Bowling Green
1642. Stadt Huys built Church built in the Fort
1643. Beginning of the Indian wars
1644. Fence erected, which was later replaced by a wall, and still later by Wall Street
1646. Peter Stuyvesant appointed Governor
1647. Kieft and Dominie Bogardus drowned in the wreck of the Princess while returning to Holland
1652. City of New Amsterdam incorporated
1653. New Amsterdam made a walled city by the building of a wall across the island
1655. Stuyvesant subdues the Swedes on the Delaware Indian war breaks out again
1664. English capture New Amsterdam and it becomes New York Richard Nicolls Governor
1667. Francis Lovelace appointed Governor
1670. Lovelace establishes the first Exchange
1673. First mail route established The Dutch retake New York
1674. English again in possession of New York Sir Edmund Andros Governor Captain Manning disgraced for surrendering New York to the Dutch
1678. Bolting Act created
1681. Andros recalled
1682. Thomas Dongan Governor
1686. Dongan Charter granted to the city
1688. New York and New England united, and Sir Edmund Andros Governor
1689. William III. becomes King of England Jacob Leisler assumes title of Lieutenant-Governor and takes charge of New York
1691. Henry Sloughter Governor Leisler and Milborne executed Governor Sloughter dies
1692. Benjamin Fletcher Governor
1693. Bradford establishes first printing press in the colony
1696. Trinity Church built Bolting Act repealed Lord Bellomont appointed Governor Captain Kidd sails to search for pirates
1697. Streets first lighted at night
1699. City wall demolished and Wall Street laid out City Hall built in Wall Street
1700. First library opened
1701. Captain Kidd executed in England Lord Bellomont dies
1702. Lord Cornbury Governor
1705. Queen's Farm granted to Trinity Church by Queen Anne
1708. Lord Lovelace Governor
1710. Robert Hunter Governor
1711. Public slave market established
1714. First public clock set on City Hall in Wall Street
1715. Lewis Morris appointed Chief-Justice
1720. William Burnet Governor
1725. Bradford prints first newspaper in city
1728. John Montgomery Governor
1729. First Jewish cemetery established
1731. First Fire Department organized Montgomery dies
1732. William Cosby Governor
1733. James De Lancey made Chief-Justice
1735. Peter Zenger tried for libel
1736. Governor Cosby dies
1741. Negro Plot
1743. George Clinton Governor
1745. Louisburg captured
1752. Walton House built
1753. Sir Danvers Osborne Governor
1755. Sir Charles Hardy Governor
1756. Corner-stone of King's College laid Lord Loudoun appointed Commander-in-Chief of the British forces in America
1759. General Jeffrey Amherst appointed Commander-in-Chief in place of Lord Loudoun
1760. Montreal captured Lieutenant-Governor De Lancey dies George II. of England dies George III. becomes King
1761. Robert Monckton Governor
1763. Monckton resigns as Governor
1765. Stamp Act passed First Colonial Congress held in New York Sir Henry Moore Governor
1766. Stamp Act repealed Liberty Pole set up on the Common
1770. Statues of William Pitt and George III. erected Tax removed on all articles except tea Battle of Golden Hill
1771. Sir William Tryon Governor
1773. Tax on tea reduced
1774. Taxed Tea dumped into the river First Continental Congress held
1775. Lexington massacre Second Continental Congress Turtle Bay stores seized Marinus Willett seizes the British ammunition wagons Battle of Bunker Hill Governor Tryon returns from England General Montgomery killed at Quebec
1776. April.--General Washington comes to New York after the success of the Continental army at Boston July.--Independence declared August.--Battle of Long Island
1776. September.--British occupy New York Battle of Harlem Heights A Great Fire Nathan Hale executed November.--Fort Washington captured
1777. George Clinton, Governor of New York State Burgoyne surrenders at Saratoga Washington at Valley Forge
1780. Benedict Arnold's treason
1781. Surrender of Lord Cornwallis
1783. September.--Treaty of Peace, between Great Britain and the United States, signed November.--British troops depart from New York December.--Washington bids farewell to his officers at Fraunces's Tavern
1788. The Doctors' Mob
1789. New York the seat of the National Government Washington becomes First President of the United States and comes to live in New York The Government House built Tammany Society organized
1790. Trinity Church rebuilt
1798. Small-pox epidemic Manhattan Company established
1803. New City Hall begun
1804. Alexander Hamilton killed by Aaron Burr
1805. Free School Society organized
1807. The Clermont launched
1811. City Plan completed
1812. United States at war with Great Britain
1814. Fort Clinton (afterward called Castle Garden) built War with Great Britain ended
1823. Yellow fever epidemic
1824. General Lafayette comes again to America
1825. Erie Canal celebration Gas introduced into city
1833. First penny newspaper started
1835. The "Great Fire" destroys six hundred houses Work commenced on the Croton Aqueduct
1842. Water admitted through the Croton Aqueduct
1845. First telegraph recording apparatus publicly tested by Samuel F.B. Morse
1849. Forrest-Macready riots
1853. World's Fair in the Crystal Palace
1856. Ground bought by the city for the Central Park
1863. The Draft Riot
1870. Brooklyn Bridge started
1878. Elevated roads built
1883. Brooklyn Bridge completed
1898. The island of Manhattan becomes the Borough of Manhattan of Greater New York
INDEX
Adventure Galley, 82, 83 Amherst, General Jeffrey, 123 Amsterdam, 2, 14 Andre, Major John, 177, 178 Andros, Edmund, 61, 62, 64, 66, 68 Anne, Queen, 28, 91-93 Annetje Jans's farm, 27, 28 Anti-Federalists, 187 Anti-Leislerian Party, 68 Apthorpe, Charles Ward, 156 Apthorpe mansion, 156 Aqueduct, Croton, 227-229 Army, Continental, 144, 148, 151, 179 Arnold, Benedict, 177, 178 Astor Place riot, 231, 232 Astor Place, 231
Bank, Manhattan, 203 Banks, 201-203 Battery, 10, 68, 176 Battle of Bunker Hill, 148 Battle of Golden Hill, 136-138 Battle of Harlem Heights, 164, 165, 166 Battle of Long Island, 154, 155 Bayard Farm, 189 Bayard, Nicholas, 69, 72, 89 Bellomont, Lord, 82, 83, 86-88 Block, Adrian, 10-12 Bogardus, Everardus, 26, 37, 42 Bolting Act, 62, 63 Boston, 66, 84, 140, 141, 143 Boston Port closed, 141 Bouweries laid out, 21 Bouwerie Lane, 21 Bouwerie Village, 54, 76, 231 Bowery Road, 179 Bowery, the, 21, 35 Bowling Green, 12, 35, 93, 105, 131, 134, 152, 200 Bradford, William, 79, 108 Bridge, East River, 236 Bridge, High, 227 British occupy New York City, 163 Broad Street, 57, 148 Broadway, 12, 58, 93, 162, 198, 204 Bunker Hill, Battle of, 148 Burgomasters, 46 Burgoyne, General, 171, 172 Burnet, William, 101-103 Burns's Coffee-House, 129, 130 Burr, Aaron, 150, 201, 203-207 Burton, Mary, 112-114 Buttermilk Channel, 30
Cabot, John, 23, 50 Cabot, Sebastian, 23, 50 Canal, Erie, 220-222 Canal Street, 205 Cape of Good Hope, 3 Castle Garden, 215, 232 Cemetery, first Jewish, 104 Central Park, 233 Chambers, Captain, 139, 140 Charles I., 23 Charles II., 62 Church in the Fort, 36, 37 Church, St. Mark's, 54 Church, St. Paul's, 150, 167, 195, 198 Church, Trinity, 28, 79, 129, 198 City Hall (first), 36, 47, 75, 87, 122 City Hall (in Wall Street), 87-89, 94, 99, 128, 133, 152, 190 City Hall (present), 152, 205 City Hall Park, 50, 175, 176, 214 City Hospital, 184 City Plan, 212, 213 City Wall, 48, 87 Clarke, George, 111, 115, 116 Clermont, the, 210, 211 Clinton, Admiral George, 116-118 Clinton, De Witt, 208, 220-222 Clinton, Governor George, 171 Clock, first public, 99 Colden, Cadwallader, 102, 131, 133 Collect Pond, 50, 114, 189, 198, 202, 204, 205, 209 College, Columbia, 184 College, King's, 121, 184 Colonial Congress, the, 129 Columbia College, 184 Columbia Heights, 164 Columbia University, 121, 164 Colve, Captain Anthony, 58, 59 Committee of Safety, 68 Common, the, 50, 137, 152, 184, 198, 205 Congress, Colonial, 129 Congress, First Continental, 141-143 Congress, Second Continental, 144, 147 Constitution of the United States, 186-188 Continental Army, 148-149, 151, 179 Continental Congress, First, 141-143 Continental Congress, Second, 144, 147 Cornbury, Lord, 89-94 Cornwallis, Lord, 178 Corporation Library, 87 Cosby, William, 105-110 Council of Twelve, 39 Croton Aqueduct, 223, 227-229 Crystal Palace, 233 Cunningham, Provost-Marshal, 176
Declaration of Independence, 152 De Lancey, James, 107-109, 117-121, 123-125 De Lancey, Stephen, 99 De Lancey, Susannah, 116 Demont, William, 168 De Vries, Captain David Pietersen, 28, 39, 40 District of Columbia, 199 Doctors' Mob, 185 Dongan Charter, 65 Dongan, Thomas, 64, 65 Draft Riot, 234 Duel between Alexander Hamilton and Aaron Burr, 206, 207 Duke of York, 50-54, 55, 60, 61, 64, 65 Dutch Netherlands, 2
East India Company, 2-5, 13 East Indies, 2-5, 13 East River Bridge, 236 Elevated railways, 234 English claim New Netherland, 23, 53 Erie Canal, 220-222 Exchange Place, 57
Fairs on Bowling Green, 35, 36 Federal Hall, 190-194 Federalists, 187, 188 "Federal Ship Hamilton," 188 Ferry-boats, 211 Fire Department, first, 105 Fire of 1776, 167 Fire, "the Great," 224 First City Hall, 36, 47, 75, 87, 122 First Continental Congress, 141-143 First Fire Department, 105 First houses of white men, 12 First Jewish cemetery, 104 First mail route, 57 First minister, 26, 36, 42, 43 First newspaper, 79 First night-watch, 87 First pavements, 93 First printing press, 79 First public clock, 99 First roads, 35 First schoolmaster, 26 First sidewalks, 198 First soldiers in New Netherland, 26 First steamboat, 208-211 First street lamps, 87 First street numbers, 198 First telegraph, 230, 231 First vessel built, 12 Fitch, John, 209 Fitzroy, Lord Augustus, 109, 110 Fletcher, Benjamin, 77-81 Forrest, Edwin, 231 Fort Amsterdam, 19, 27, 53 Fort Clinton, 215, 232 Fort James, 54 Fort Manhattan, 13 Fort Washington, 168 "Fourteen Miles 'round," 195 Franklin House, 193 Franklin Square, 193 Franklin, Walter, 193 Fraunces's Tavern, 99, 100, 180 Frederick, Kryn, 19 Free School Society, 208 French Revolution, 199 "Fulton's Folly," 211 Fulton, Robert, 210, 211
Gage, General Thomas, 141 Gardiner's Island, 84 Gates, General, 172 _Gazette, New York_, 108 George II., 104, 116, 125 George III., 125, 134, 136, 142, 152 Golden Hill, Battle of, 136, 137, 138 Golden Hill Inn, 137 Government House, 196 Governor's Island, 30 Grant's Tomb, 164 "Great Fire," the, 224 Greenwich Village, 216, 231
Hale, Nathan, 157, 158 Half Moon, 2, 3, 4 Hall of Records, 176 Hamilton, Alexander, 187, 188, 201-203, 206, 207 Hamilton, Andrew, 109 Hardy, Sir Charles, 121 Harlem Heights, 161 Harlem Heights, Battle of, 164-166 Harlem River, 229 Heights, Columbia, 164 Heights, Harlem, 161 Heights, Vandewater, 164 High Bridge, 227 Holland, 2 Holland, States-General of, 15, 16 Houses, first, of white men, 12 Howe, Admiral, 153 Howe, General William, 153, 155, 158, 168, 171 Hudson's Bay, 7 Hudson, Henry, 3-8, 10 Hudson's River, 8 Hunter, Robert, 96, 97, 99, 100 Hyde, Edward (Lord Cornbury), 91.
India, 4 Indians, 1, 4, 8, 9, 10, 16, 33, 34, 37-41 Indian War, 38-43, 49 Ingoldsby, Richard, 71 Island, Gardiner's, 84 Island, Governor's, 30 Island, Long, 30, 31, 84 Island of Manhattan bought from Indians, 18 Island, Nut, 30 Island, Randall's, 31 Island, Staten, 10, 28, 39 Island, Ward's, 31
Jail, New, 175, 176 Jamaica, Long Island, 92 James, Duke of York, 50-54, 60, 61, 64, 65 James II., 64, 66, 67 Jans, Annetje, 28, 42 Jans's farm, 27, 28 Jersey, the, 176, 177 Jewish cemetery, the first, 104 John Street Theatre, 195 _Journal, New York Weekly_, 108
Kidd, Captain William, 83-85 Kieft, William, 33-43 King's College, 121, 184 Kip's Bay, 158, 161, 162 Koopman, the, 19, 34
Lafayette, Marquis de, 171, 217-219 Leisler, Jacob, 67-76, 86, 89 Leislerian Party, 68, 89 Lexington massacre, 143 Liberty Pole, 134, 136 Lind, Jenny, 232 Lispenard's Meadow, 204 Livingston, Robert, 209, 210 Lockyer, Captain, 138, 139 Long Island, 30, 31, 84 Long Island, Battle of, 154-155 Lords of the Manors, 21, 22 Loudoun, Lord, 123 Louisburg, 117 Lovelace, Francis, 55-58 Lovelace, Lord John, 95, 96
Macready, William Charles, 231, 232 Mail route, the first, 57 Manhattan Bank, 203 Manhattan Company, 203 Manhattan Island, 8, 10 Manhattans, 8 Manning, Captain John, 58, 59, 61, 62 Manors, 21, 22 May, Cornelius Jacobsen, 16 Milborne, Jacob, 68, 69, 72-74 Minister, first, 26, 36, 42, 43 Minuit, Peter, 17-24 Mohawks, 40 Monckton, Robert, 125, 126 Money used by Indians, 37 Montgomery, General Richard, 150 Montgomery, John, 103-105 Montreal, capture of, 123 Moore, Sir Henry, 133 Morris, Lewis, 96, 101, 107 Morris Mansion, 164 Morris, Richard, 96 Morris, Roger, 164 Morrisania, 96 Morse, Samuel F.B., 230, 231 Murray Family, 158-161 Murray Hill, 158 Mutiny Bill, 134, 135
Nanfan, John, 89 National Academy of Design, 230 Negro Plot, 111-115 Negro slaves, 27, 98, 99, 111-115 Netherlands, 2 Netherlands, Dutch, 2 New England, 48, 64-67 New Jail, 175, 176 New Jersey, 40 New Netherland, 12-14, 16-18, 24, 50, 60 New Orange, 59 Newspaper, first, 79 Newspapers, 223, 224 _New York Gazette_, 108 _New York Weekly Journal_, 108 Nicholson, Francis, 66, 68-70 Nicolls, Colonel Richard, 55 Night watch, first, 87 Non-Importation Agreement, 130, 136 Non-Importation Association, 130 North Pole, 7 Northwest Passage, 7 Nut Island, 30
Orange, Prince of, 60 Osborne, Sir Danvers, 116-120
Park, City Hall, 50, 175, 176, 214 Patriots, 143 Patroons, 21, 22, 34 Pavements, first, 93 Pearl Street, 16, 36, 193 Permanent revenue, the, 95, 97, 119 Pirates, 80-84 Pitt, William, 134 Plot, Negro, 111-115 Prince of Orange, 60 Printing press, the first, 79 Prisons, 173-177 Prison ships, 176, 177 Prison, Tombs, 205 Privateers, 80, 83 Provisional Assembly, the, 144, 147, 149 Provost, the, 176 Putnam, General, 157, 161
Quebec, 149, 150 Queen Street, 122
Railroad, elevated, 234 Randall's Island, 31 Rebels, 143 Restless, the, 12 Revolution, French, 199 Revolutionary War, 143, 144, 146, 152, 177, 178 Riot, Astor Place, 231, 232 Riot, Doctors', 185 Riot, Draft, 234 River of the Mountains, 4, 8 Roads, the first, 35 Rolandsen, Adam, 26 Royalists, 143
St. Mark's Church, 54 St. Paul's Chapel, 150, 167, 195, 198 Schepens, the, 46 Schoolmaster, the first, 26 Schools, 208 School Society, Free, 208 Schout, the, 46 Schout-fiscal, the, 19 Schuyler, General Philip, 172 Schuyler, Peter, 99 Seal of New York, 63 Second Continental Congress, 144, 147 Ship Adventure Galley, 82, 83 Ship Clermont, 210, 211 Ship, the first built, 12 Ship Half Moon, 2-4 Ship Restless, 12 Ship Tiger, 10, 12 Ships, prison, 176, 177 Ships, tea, 138, 139, 140 Sidewalks, the first, 198 Slave Market, 98 Slaves, 26, 27, 98, 99, 111-115 Sloughter, Henry, 70-73, 75, 76 Small-pox, 200 Smugglers, 34, 39 Soldiers, first, 25, 26 Sons of Liberty, 128, 136, 137, 145-147 Spain, 13 Stadt Huys, 36, 47, 75, 87, 122 Stamp Act, 127-136 Staten Island, 10, 28, 39 States-General of Holland, 15, 16 Steamboat, first, 208-211 Steam ferry-boats, 211 Street lamps, first, 87 Street numbers, first, 198 Street railways, elevated, 234 Streets, how laid out, 212 Stuyvesant, Peter, 44-49, 53, 54, 76 Sugar-house, 174, 175
Tammany Hall, 197 Tammany Society, 197 Taxed tea, 135, 139-141 Tea ships, 138, 139, 140 Tea taxed, 135, 139-141 Telegraph, first, 230, 231 Theatre, John Street, 195 Third City Hall, 152, 205 Tiger, 10, 12 Tombs Prison, 152, 205 Tories, 143 Trading Stations, 103 Trinity Church, 28, 79, 129, 198 Trinity Churchyard, 207 Tryon's Gate, 198 Tryon's Row, 198 Tryon, William, 149, 158 Turtle Bay, 145, 146 "Tyrant of New England," 64
United New Netherland Company, 12 University of the City of New York, 230
Valley Forge, 172 Van Arsdale, John, 180 Van Dam, Rip, 105-108, 110, 111 Vandewater Heights, 164 Van Dincklagen, the schout-fiscal, 31 Van Rensselaer, Kiliaen, 25 Van Twiller buys Governor's Island, 30 Van Twiller's tobacco plantation, 27 Van Twiller, Walter, 25-32 Vauxhall, 132 Verhulst, William, 17
Wall Street, 41, 87, 190 Wall Street, City Hall in, 87-89, 94, 99, 128, 133, 152, 190 Wall, the city's, 48, 87 Walton House, 122 Walton, William, 122 Ward's Island, 31 War, Indian, 38-43, 49 War of the Revolution, 143, 144, 146, 152, 177, 178 War of 1812, 213-215 Warren, Admiral Peter, 116, 117 Washington, City of, 199 Washington, George, 123, 145, 148, 149, 151-158, 162, 164, 168, 170, 172, 173,178-183, 186, 189, 190, 193-195, 199, 200 Weehawken, 207 Westchester, 168 West India Company, 13-16, 18, 21-23, 25, 32, 42, 46, 53, 67 West Indies, 14 West Point, 177 Whigs, 143 Willett, Marinus, 147, 148 Willett, Thomas, 55 William III., 60, 67, 68, 70, 82 "William the Testy," 33 Windmills, 27, 34 World's Fair, 233
Yellow fever, 216 York, James, Duke of, 50-54. 55, 60, 61, 64, 65
Zenger, Peter, 108-110