Chapter 22

Barrow of Karr the Old of Haramsey, 47, 49 of Onund Treefoot, called "Treefoot's-barrow," 19 Battles and Fights . Battle of Barra, between Onund Treefoot, and King Kiarval, 1, 2 of Bute, between Onund Treefoot and the Vikings, Vigbiod and Vestmar, 7, 9 of Ernewaterheath, between Grettir and Hallmund on one side, and Thorir of Garth with eighty men on the other, 168, 170 of Grettirsoddi by Hitriver, between Grettir and the Marshmen, 179, 180 of Hafrsfirth, between Harald Fairhair and several Norwegian petty kings, 3, 4 of Nesjar, between St. Olaf and Earl Svein, 112 of the Pass, between Ath Asmundson and the Sons of Thorir of the Pass, 127, 128 at Bowerfell, between Grettir and the men of Meal, 91

Fight in Drangey, between the Brothers Grettir and Illugi, on one side, and Thorbiorn Angle and his band on the other, 240, 241

Fight on Ernewaterheath, with the Assassins Grim and Thorir Redbeard, 163, 164 at Fairwoodfell with Gish, 176,177 at Fleet-tongue with Skeggi, 38 in Gartar, with Biorn, 68 at Goosere, with Thorbiorn Tardy, 144 in Grettir's-Gill, between Ufeigh Grettir and Thorbiorn Earls' Champion, 18, 19 in Haramsey, with Karr the Old, in his harrow, 48, 49 in Haramsey, with twelve Bearserks, 56, 58 on Midfit, with Thorbiorn Oxmain, 141 on Reekness, between the men of the Creek and those of Coldback, over a whale, 23 on a common driftland in the Strands over a whale, between the foster-brothers Þorgeir Havarson and Thormod Coalbrowskald on one side, and Thorgils Makson on the other, 77,78 at Sand-heaps, with a troll-wife, 194, 195 nigh to Sand-heaps, in a cave, with a giant, 197 at Steinker, with Hiarandi, 70, 71 Fight at Thorhall-stead with Glam the Thrall, 107, 109 in Tunsberg, with Gunnar, the brother of Hiarandi, 72, 73 with Snaekoll the bearserk, 122, 123

Bridge of Liarskogar, a work of great art, hung with rings and 'din-bells,' 158

Domestic Implements . Bottles of leather, for keeping drink in, 20 Chopper, 23, 194 Clothes-bag, 175 Curd-bags, hides drawn up to fetch curds in from mountain dairies, 84 Deer-horn, for drinking at feasts, 15 Digging-tools, 47 Kettle, 182 Meal-bags, wherein victuals were kept for the thing-ride, 38 Tools to strike fire, 182 Trough, 194 Wool-combs. 30

Dowry, 7

Dress and Ornamental Apparel . Breeches (of sail-cloth, 117), 176, 220 Cape, 117, 136, 137 Chain, round the neck, 14 Cloak of rich web, 14 Coloured clothes (over--clothes), 154, 174 Cowl, 220 Drugget-cloak, 107 Fur-cloak, 64 Hat (slouched), 169, 189 Hood, 206 Kirtle (red), 85 Leggings (hose), 65 Mittens, 206 Rings of gold, 14 Shirt, 176 Spurs, 202 State-raiment, 175 Thongs (hose-thongs), 65 Fair in Vagar in Halogaland, 62 Famine, 21

Feasts . (There were three principal festals in the year: at Winter-nights, Yule, and Midsummer.)

Autumn-feast (= winter nights' feast, Oct. 14), at Thorbiorn Oxmain's, III "Drinking turn and turn about," is probably the same that elsewhere is called "SamburðSarol," an ale-club or rotation drinking by common subscription, 14 Yule-ale, 51 Yule-biddings, 51, 52

Fights, see Battles and Fights.

Food and Drink . (The Saga mentions no imported articles of food.) Beer, 53, 56 Curds, 84 Fish (stockfish), 131, 132 Lent-fare, fat and livers, 183 Mutton, passim . Fire above hid treasure, 47 Foster-brothers (sworn brothers), 78, 81, 92, 93 Godi's-wood, a wood said to have belonged to six Godar, 97 Grettir's-heave, 39, 91, 176 Horse-Outfit . Bridle (embossed, 160), 76, 136 Head-gear, 160 Saddle (fair-stained, 84), 38 Snaffle-rings, 160 Hospitality, 54, Hospitality, 54, 80 Houses and their Outfit . Beaks of vessels put over the door, 115 Bed, 107 Boards (= tables), 30 Bolt, 56 Boose (= cow-stall in a byre), 103 Booth at the thing, 96 --for drinking assemblages, 72 --for trade-purposes, 113 Bower, serving as a ward-robe, cloth-bower, 56 --a storehouse apart from other houses, out-bower, 56, 245 Closet, 56 Corn-barn, 58 Cross-beam (= tie-beam), 107, 108 Cross-bench (= dais), 193 Door, 56 and passim . Doorcase, 108 Doorpost, 133 Dungeon, 254 Gable, 193 Hall, fire-hall, passim , see also note on hall pp. 273-275 Hangings, 53 High-chair, 48 Hill-dairy, 84, 153, 154 Horse-stable, 106 House of refuge (sáluhús), 117 Latch, 56 Lock-bed, 107 Loft (sleeping-loft), 14, 124 Long-fires, 30 Rafters, 108 Roof, 107, 240 Seat-beam, 84, 107 Side-wall, 193 Thatch, 108, 240 Threshold, 108, 133 Tie-beam, 107

Landwights .

Amongst these are to be numbered Hallmund and Thorir the half-troll of Thorir's-dale, and the wights told of in Hallmund's Song, 187

Atonement. See Weregild.

Law, Suits, Penalties .

Boot for insulting language, 66 Banishment, 129 Declaring manslaughter as having been done by one's own hand, 133, 142 District-outlawry, 129 Execution (féránsdómr), 247-248 Fine, 39, and passim . Handselling of a lawsuit, 39 Handselling of lawful truce, 212, 214

Law-provisions: For drift-right, 25 For bearserks challenging men to holm, 51 For heritage of outlawed men in Norway in the days of Harold Fairhair, 11 For the utmost limit of outlawry, 225 For heathen sacrifices in the earliest days of Christianity in Iceland, 226 For a rightful suitor in a blood-suit, 150

Lawsuits, 18, 19, 24, 39, 79, 129, 130, 149, 151, 238, 249, 250

Manners and Customs, Civil and Religious .

Bathing, 148, 220 Burial of misdoers in cairns and tidewashed heap of stones, 59, 241 Burial in barrows. See Barrows. --at churches, 126, 142

Fasting on Yule-eve, 98 --to iron birth, 119

Hallowing of a vessel by a bishop, 115

Iron-birth, 119

Meal-times, 49

Riding, to the Althing, 36, 79 Rubbing of one's back by the fire, 30

Sailors' duties have to be per-formed on board ship by the passengers, 41, sqq . Sitting at table in the evening, 48 Sleeping in fire-halls, 30

Thing-men have to provide themselves, each one with fare at his own cost, 38

Varangian weapon-show, 253

Washing of hands ere going to table, 113

Money .

Hundred in silver, 151

Mark in silver, 151, 173

Names of folk derived from their country or dwelling-stead .

Axefirthers, 278 Gothlander, 11 Halogalander, 57 Icefirthers, 155, 156 Lavadale-men, 182 Marshmen, 182 Northlanders, 163 Northmen, 10, 253 Ramfirthers, 34, and passim . South-Islander, 7, 92 The men of Biarg, 88, 92 The men of Coldback, 20, sqq. The men of the Creek, 20, sqq. Varangians, 253, sqq. Waterdale-folk, 26, 38 Waterdale-kin, 142 Waterness-men, 34, 88 Well-wharfers, 170 Westfirthers, 80 Westhope-men, 34 Willowdale-men, 34

Occupations .

Binding of hay into horseloads for being conveyed into rick-yard or barn, 140, 141 Catching of fowl, 219 Drift-watching, 22 Fetching home victuals from mountain dairies, 84 Fetching home stockfish on horses, 126, 128 Fishing in sea and fresh water, 163, 166, 184 Folding, gathering sheep in autumn up from the wilds and mountains, to be sorted for their owners according to the marks in the ears of each sheep, 174 Gathering of eggs, 214 Hay-harvest, falls into two parts, the first, the haymaking in the manured homefield, the second, in unmanured meads and mountains, 132, 140 Iron-smithying, 158 Mowing-tide, the whole season of the summer while grass can be mown, 84, 132 Watching of home-geese, 29 of horses in winter, 31 of neat, 102 of sheep, 98, 101, 206 Whale-getting, 21, 77 Whale-cutting, 23

Pet Animals .

Keingala, a mare, 31 Pied-belly, a ram, 240 Saddle-fair, a mare, 135

Runes .

Songs cut on staffs, in runes, 186, 198 Baneful runes cut on a bewitched log of wood, 230, 231

Sagas Quoted .

The saga of the Bandamenn, 29 of Bodmod, Grimulf, and Gerpir, 25 of Eric the Earl, 51 of Grim who slew Hallmund, 188 of the heath-slayings, 86 The saga of the Laxdale-men, 19

Settlings of land in Iceland, 10, 11, 12, 16, 17

Ships and their outfit .

Boat, ten oars aboard, 22, 227 Boat-stand, 20, and passim Beaks, 115 Bark (karfi), of sixteen oars aboard, 46, 52, 62 Bulwark, 3 Forecastle, 3 Grapplings, 3 Gunwale, 147 Row-barge, 115 Sail, 16, 41 Ship shield-hung from stem to stern, 52 stained above sea, 52 cleared from stem to stern, 3 stem, stern, 3, 52 Viking-ship, I War-ship, 6 Work in connection with ship: baling, 41, 42, 45 pumping, 44 rolling ship ashore, 174 launching of, 46 building of, 25 Yard, 16

Skalds named in the Saga .

Arnor Earls'-skald, 179 Bessi, Skald-Torfa's son, 34, 71 Grettir Asmundson. Hallmund, 161, 186-187 Odd the Foundling-Skald, 34, 87-88 Skald-Torfa, 34 Svein of Bank, 135 Thormod Coalbrowskald, 77

Social Stations .

Bonder, 14, and passim Chapmen, passim Court-owner, an owner of all such houses in a town as form the surrounding of a court, 71 Earl, a man next after the king in dignity, 14, 50 sqq ., 69 sqq ., 112 Free-men, 53 Godi, a chief combining in his person the religious and administrative authority of the district over which he ruled, 11, 26 Hand-maid, 220, 221 Herdsman. See Occupations. Hersir, a man next to an earl in dignity, 14 Home-folk, 54 Home-women, 54 House-carle, passim .

Sports and Games .

Ball-play, 34 Ball, 35 Bat, 35 Horse-fight, 87, 88 Knave-game (note), 208 Sports at Heron-ness thing, 210, 212 Swimming, 117, 167, 220 Tale-game, 208 Wrestling, 211, 212, 216

Things, or Public Law-assemblages .

The Althing, passim The Thing of Kialarness, 19 Heron-ness, 210 Hunawater, 129, 150 Trade on England, 67

Trolls and Evil Wights .

See Hallmund's song, 187 Troll-carle, 197 Troll-wife, 194-195 The wight that slew Glam, 96, 99, 100 Troth, to sit in troth for three winters, 7 Twainmonth, the second month in the year, corresponding to our September (Aug. 24--Sept. 22). Wadmall as an article of trade, 40, 220

Weapons and War-gear .

Axe, passim . Barb-end, 57 Barb, 57, 132 Buckler, 142 Byrni, 57 Chopper, 194 Cheek-pieces of a helmet, 122 Glaive (heft-sax), 197 Grigs of the sword, 241 Hand-axe, 141 Helmet, 57, 85, 122, 132 Shield (iron-rimmed, inlaid), 72, 122, 128, 175, 203, 241 Socket inlaid with silver, 141 Socket-nail, 141 Short-sword, Karrs-loom, 49, and passim Spear, great without barbs, 141 with broad barbs, 56, 132 Stones used for missiles, 8 Spear-head, 57 Sword, girt with a sword, 132, 241 Jokul's gift, the heirloom of the kinsmen of Ingimund the Old, 40, and passim . Weird of a ghost, 109 of a sorceress, 229 Winter-nights, the first days in winter about Oct. 14, 145

Witchcraft and Sorcery .

Gale of wind brought on by evil craft, 236-237 Witchcraft, an illegal means for overcoming an enemy, 244, 250 Witchcraft wrought into a log of wood, the manner thereof, 230, 231 Wound growing deadly through the effect of evil and witchcrafty runes, 244, 250 Wooing, 6, 7, 19

PERIPHRASTIC EXPRESSIONS IN THE SONGS.

An Axe: Battle ogress, rock-troll, 38 Blood: Rain of swords, 15 Cave (Hallmund's): Kettle, where waters fall from great ice-wall, 160 Fight: Dart's breath, 15 Dart-shower, 43 Gale of death, 15 Gale of swords, 95 Hilda's[22] weather, 95 Iron-rain, 234 Mist's[22] mystery, 95 Odin's gale; Odin's storm, 143, 190 Shield-fire's thunder, 6 Shield-rain, 215 Spears' breath, 170 Spear-shower, 138 Spear-storm, 234 Sword-shower, 81

Gallows: Sigar's meed for lovesome deed, (Sigarr hung Hag-bard the Viking for having befooled his daughter), 157 Gold: Deep sea's flame, 137 Dragon's lair, 49 Serpent's bed, 215 The flame of sea, 49 Wave's flashing flame, 49 Worm's bed, 41 Worm-land, 131 Grettir (an Eddaic name for a serpent): Fell-creeping lad, 86 Head: Thoughts' burg, 76 Man: Elm-stalk, 136 Gold-scatterer, 181 Helm-stalk, 136 Jewel-strewer, 30 Lessener of the flame of sea, 49 Lessener of waves' flashing flame, 49 Ring-bearer, 68 Ring-strewer, 30 Scatterer of serpent's bed, 215 Wormland's haunter, 137 Snatcher of worm's bed, 41 Mouth: Tofts of tooth-hedge, 124 Sailor: He who decks the reindeer's side that 'twixt ness and ness doth glide, 43 Rider of wind-driven steed, 41 Sea-steeds' rider, 81; Shield: Roof of war, 215 Spear-walk, 12 Ship: Reindeer that 'twixt ness and ness doth glide, 43 Sea-steed, 81 Steed of the rollers, 17 Wind-driven steed, 41 Skald: Giver forth of Odin's mead (Svein of Bank), 137 Sword: Byrni's flame, 76

[Footnote 22: Hilda (Hildr) and Mist, goddesses of fight and manslaughter.]

Sword: Helmfire, 50, 136 Man's-bane, 41 War-flame, 199 Whiting of the shield, 21 Wound-worm, 114 Thor: Sifs lord, 157 Warrior: Arrow-dealer, 114 Axe-breaker, 2 Begetter of fight, 49 Brand-whetter, 17 Breaker of the bow, 50 Foreteller of spear-shower, 138 Warrior: Grove of Hedin's maid, 125 Raiser-up of roof of war, 215 Spear-grove, 59 Stem of shield, 190 Sword-player, 199 War-god, 66 Wound-worm's tower, 114 Wool-combe: Hook-clawed bird, 31 Woman: Giver forth of gold, 59 Goddess of red gold, 137 Ground of gold, 30 Son of golden stall, 190 Warder of horns' wave, 181

PROVERBS AND PROVERBIAL SAYINGS THAT OCCUR IN THE STORY.

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A friend should warn a friend of ill ............................. 30 Ale is another man ............................................... 55 All must fare when they are fetched............................... 188 All things bide their day......................................... 218 All will come to an end .......................................... 233 Bare is the back of the brotherless .............................. 241 Best to bairn is mother still .................................... 41 Bewail he, who brought the woe ................................... 175 Broad spears are about now ....................................... 133 Deeds done will be told of ....................................... 224 Even so shall bale be bettered by biding greater bale ............ 140 For one thing alone will I not be known .......................... 192 From ill cometh ill .............................................. 105 Good luck and goodliness are twain ............................... 105 Hand for wont doth yearn ......................................... 226 Hottest is the fire that lies on oneself ......................... 176 Ill deed gains ill hap .......................................... 188 Ill heed still to ill doth lead ................................. 121 Ill if a thrall is thine only friend ............................. 240 Ill it is ill to be .............................................. 165 Ill it is to goad the foolhardy .................................. 30 Let one oak have what from the other it shaves ................... 67 Little can cope with cunning of eld .............................. 205 Long it takes to try a man ....................................... 61 Many a man lies hid within himself ............................... 203 Many a man stretches round the door to the lock .................. 86 More one knows the more one tries ................................ 30 No man makes himself ............................................. 125 Now this, now that has strokes in his garth ...................... 125 Odd haps are worst haps .......................................... 37 Oft a listening ear in the holt is anear ......................... 173 Oft fail in wisdom folk of better trust .......................... 32 Old friends are the last to sever ................................ 240 One may be apaid of a man's aid .................................. 44 Overpraised, and first to fail ................................... 132 Sooth is the sage's guess ........................................ 92 Swear loud and say little ........................................ 266 The lower must lowt .............................................. 267 The nigher the call, the further the man ......................... 211 Things boded will happen, so will things unboded ................. 32 Though the spoon has taken it up, yet the mouth has had no sup ... 168 Thralls wreak themselves at once, dastards never ................. 35 Thrice of yore have all things happed ............................ 262 To the goat-house for wool ....................................... 226 With hell's man are dealings ill ................................. 176 Woe is before one's own door when it is inside one's neighbour's ................................................ 105