Part 20

His ninth son was Tema, Wherefore is there a kingdom called Teman.

1264

_Het a guglond esten_ (eften ?) _fro ða_, Was called a kingdom afterwards from that time.

_esten fro ða_ = eastwards from those _other kingdoms_. 1269 _siker pligt_, firm, sure pledge.

P. 37. l. 1275 _feren pligt_, pledged fellows.

1279

_ðog [it] was nogt is kinde lond_, Nevertheless it was not his native land.

1280

_Richere he it leet ðan he it fond_, richer he left it than he found it.

1290

_On an hil ðor ic sal taunen ðe_, on a hill where I shall show thee.

1292 _ðat he bed him two_ [to ?], that he commanded him to go to. _two_, an error for _to_. See l. 3752. 1295-6 They say on that hill's side was made the temple of Solomon. 1295 _dune-is siðen_ = _dune-is siden_, down's (hill's) sides. 1299 _buxum o rigt_, rightly obedient. 1301 _sagt_, an error for _sag_ (saw). See l. 1334.

P. 38. l. 1308

_ðo wurð ðe child witter and war_, Then became the child wise and wary.

1315-20

Wonderfully art thou in the world come, Wonderfully shalt thou be hence taken; Without long suffering and fight (struggle) God will thee take from world's night, And of thyself holocaust have, Thank Him that He would it crave (demand).

1317 _ðhrowing_ = _throe_, suffering, agony.

"_ðrowwinge_ and pine."—(Orm. ii. 174.)

"Vor soð wisdom is don euere soule-hele biuoren flesches hele: and hwon me ne mei nout boðe holden somed, cheosen er licomes hurt þen þuruh to stronge vondunges, soule _þrowunge_."—(Ancren Riwle, p. 372.) For true wisdom is ever to put soul-health before flesh-health, and when one may not hold both together, to choose rather bodily hurt than, through too strong trials, soul-agony (death). 1323 Supply _don_ after _wulde_. 1328 _nuge_ = _nog_, now. 1331 _frigti fagen_ may be either _frigti and fagen_, timid _and_ glad, or else _frigti-fagen_, timidly glad.

1332 _for ysaac bi-leaf un-slagen_, for Isaac remained unslain.

1333 _Bi-aften_, behind, abaft.

"Tacc þær an shep _bafftenn_ þin bacc and offre itt forr þe wennchell."—(Orm. ii. 156.)

1336 _on ysaac stede_, instead of Isaac.

P. 39. l. 1345

_Sarra was fagen in kindes wune_, Sarah was naturally glad.

_in kindes wune_ = after the manner of kinde (nature); _kindes wune_ = kind-wise, kin-wise. 1365 _semeð_ is an error for _semes_, burdens, loads, or for _semed_, burdened, loaded. See l. 1368. _seme_ is properly a load for a pack-horse.

"An hors is strengur than a mon, Ac for hit non i-wit ne kon, Hit berth on rugge grete _semes_, And draȝth bi-vore grete temes." —(Owl and Nightingale, ed. Wright, p. 27.)

1372 _min erdne ðu forðe selðhelike_, mine errand do thou perform, accomplish successfully. _forðe_ = _forðen_. See Orm. l. 1834; Ancren Riwle, p. 408; Laȝ. l. 31561. 1373 _lene_, grant, still exists in _lend_, _loan_, etc.

1375

_He bad hise bede on good sel_, He offered his prayer (in good time) opportunely.

P. 40. l. 1379 _ilc on_ = each one.

1382

_Ne wor nogt so forð ðeuwe numen_, The custom had not been so forth (up to that time) practised.

1388 _bofte_ = _bi-ofte_, behoof; cf. O.E. _byefþe_, _bi-ofþe_. See l. 1408. 1390 _beges_ = bracelets, armlets, probably from A.Sax. _bugan_ (= _beogan_), to bow, to bend. The original meaning of _beg_ is crown. In Piers Ploughman 346, _beighe_ signifies a collar. In the Middle High German version of the Book of Genesis (ed. Diemer) it is stated that Eliezer, for love, gave Rebekah

"Zwêne ôringe und zuêne arm-_pouge_ ûz alrôteme golde."

1391 _ghe_ seems to be an error for _he_. 1394 _kiddit_ = made it known, showed it. 1397 _good grið_ = good entertainment. 1398 _Him_ (the dative of the personal pronoun), for him.

1404

_Quilc selðe and welðhe him wel bi-cam_, What prosperity and wealth had well befallen him.

1409 _wið-ðan_, with-that, thereupon.

1410

_fagneden wel ðis sondere man_, welcomed well this messenger.

_fagnen_ is literally to make _fain_ or glad, to welcome, entertain; _sondere man_. The proper form is _sondes-man_. Ancren Riwle, p. 190. Cf. _loder-man_ for _lodes-man_, l. 4110, p. 117; and _sander-bodes_, O.E. Hom. 2nd S. p. 89.

P. 41. ll. 1411-12

When God hath it so ordained, As he sendeth so it shall be.

1417 _garen_, to prepare (to set out), to make _yare_, to get ready.

1419-20

For entreaty nor meed not would he there. Over one night delay no (any) more.

_drechen_ is (1) to trouble, annoy, (2) to hinder, delay.

(1) "Sir Pilates wife dame Porcula Tille hir Lord thus gan say— 'Deme ȝe noght Ihesus tille ne fra, Bot menske him that ȝe may I have bene _drechid_ with dremes swa, This ilk night als I lay.'" —(Gospel of Nichodemus, Harl. MS. 4196.)

(2) "Quhen Claudius þe manhed kend Of þe Brettownys, he message send Tyl Arẅyragus, þan þe kyng Þat Brettayne had in governyng, For til amese all were and stryfe, And tak his dochtyr til his wyfe, And to Rowme þat Tribwte pay Wycht-owtyn _drychyng_ or delay."—(Wyntown, vol. i. p. 92.)

In the Cursor Mundi we are told that _wanhope_ (despair) causes

"Lathnes to kirc at sermon here _Dreching_ o scrift (delay of shrift)," etc.—(Cott. MS. Vesp. A. iii.)

1427 _Or or_ first ere, i.e. before. 1428 _morgen-giwe_ = _morgen-giue_, nuptial gift, the morning gift, the gift of the husband presented to the wife on the morning after marriage. See Ancren Riwle, p. 94. Hali Meid. p. 39. 1430 _godun dai_, good day. _godun_ = _godne_, the accusative of the adjective.

"He let clipie þe saterday: Þe freres bifore him alle And bed alle _godne_ day."—(St Dunstan, l. 200.)

1434 _sondes fare_, the journey of the messenger (Eliezer). 1437 _on felde_ = the O.E. _afelde_. 1439 _Eððede_ = _eðede_, alleviated, is connected with the O.E. _eþe_ (_eað_), easy, and literally signifies softened. 1440 _Of faiger waspene_, of fair form; _waspene_ is evidently an error for _wasteme_ or _wastene_. "He seh þeos seli meiden marherete ... þe schimede ant schan al of wlite (face) ant of _wastum_ (form)."—(Seinte Marherete, p. 2.) "In þis burh was wuniende a meiden swiðe ȝung of ȝeres, two wone of twenti, feir ant freolich o wlite & o _westum_."—(St Kath. p. 69.) 1442 _Here samening_, their union, intercourse.

1444

_And sge ne bi-spac him neuere a del._ And she contradicted him never a whit.

_bispeke_ in O.E. also signifies to threaten. See Castle of Love, l. 221.

P. 42. l. 1448

_Abraham dede hem siðen sundri wunen_, Abraham assigned them afterwards sundry abodes.

1456

_Him bi-stoden wurlike and wel_, Mourned for (bewailed) him worthily and well.

See ll. 716, 3857. _wurlike_ = _wurðlike_, worthily. 1461-4 Long it was ere she him child bare, And he entreated God, when he became aware of it (_i.e._ that Rebekah was barren), That he should fulfil that promise, That he to Abraham erewhile made. 1463 _fillen_, to fulfil, accomplish. See Orm. i. 91. _quede_, promise, saying, is the same as the O.E. _quede_, a bequest, _quide_, a saying, from _queðe_, to say, still existing in _quoth_. See Laȝ. i. 38, 43; ii. 151, 197, 613 ; iii. 3; Orm. ii. 321.

1467-8

At one burden she bore Two, who were to her akin of blood.

_sibbe blod_ = O.H.G. _sippe-bluot_, blood relatives. Perhaps this line was inserted by the author on account of the popular belief at this time, that the birth of twins was an indication of unfaithfulness on the part of the woman to her husband. 1469-71 Also it seemed to her day and night, As (though) they wrought in fight (struggling, conflict), Which of them should first be born. 1470 "And the children struggled together within her."—(Gen. xxv. 22.) The following curious paraphrase of this passage occurs in the Cursor Mundi, fol. 20b:—

"His wiif (Rebekah) þat lang had child forgane, Now sco bredes tua for ane, Tuinlinges þat hir thoght na gamen, Þat in hir womb oft faght samen. Swa hard wit-in hir wamb þai faght, Þat sco ne might rest dai ne naght; At pray to Godd ai was sco prest, To rede hir quat þat hir was best; Þat hir war best he wald hir rede. Hir liif was likest to þe ded (death). Strang weird was giuen to þam o were, Þat þai moght noght þair strif forbere Til þai had o þaim-seluen might To se quarfor þat þai suld fight. Fra biginning o þe werld O suilk a wer was never herd, Ne suilk a striif o childer tuin Þat lai þer moder wamb wit-in. Þair strut it was vn-stern stith, Wit wrathli wrestes aiþer writh. Bituix unborn a batel blind, Suilk an was ferli to find. He þat on þe right side lai Þe tother him wraisted oft awai; And he þat lay upon þe left, Þe tother oft his sted him reft."

1470 _and_ = _an_ = in; or else _figt_ must be an error for _fagt_ = fought; and _nigt_ = _nagt_. 1477 _Ghe_ is evidently an error for _ghet_ or _get_, yet. _liues_ = alive. Cf. _newes_, anew, etc.

P. 43. l. 1484 _swete mel_, sweet meal (food), not sweet speech. "And Isaac loved Esau, because he did eat of his venison."—(Gen. xxv. 28.) 1487 _seð a mete_, sod a meat. "sod pottage."—(Gen. xxv. 29.) 1493 _mattilike weri_ = _mattilike and weri_, overcome (faint) and weary. _Mattilike_ is connected with the O.E. _mat_, _mote_, faint, half dead. See Allit. Poems, p. 12, l. 386.

1494

_Iacob wurð war he was gredi_, Jacob became aware that he (Esau) was hungry. —(See Gloss. s.v. _Gredi_.)

1495-6 "Brother," quoth he, "sell me those privileges Which are said to be the first (eldest) son's." 1499 _bliðelike_, quickly; _blithelike_ has often this sense in O.E. writers. 1501 _wurði wune_, a worthy (high, great) privilege. 1503 _offrende sel_, offering time.

1504

_Was wune ben scrid semelike and wel_, Was wont to be clothed seemly and well.

1506 _dede his ending_, came to his end (died). 1507 _heg tide_, hey (high) days. 1510 _twinne del_, two-fold. 1511-12 And when the father were (should be) buried, to have two portions of hereditary property. _ereward_ = _erfeward_, is properly the guardian, keeper of the _erfe_ or inheritance, and hence the heir, so that instead of _ereward riche_ we ought to read _ereward-riche_, corresponding to the A.Sax. _yrfe-land_, hereditary land. The _-riche_ is the affix found in O.E. _heven-riche_, heaven kingdom; _kine-riche_, a kingdom; E. _bishoprick_. The _-ward_ (in _ereward_) = _warder_, keeper, is found in O.E. _gate-ward_, _dore-ward_ (door-keeper), _bat-ward_ (boat-keeper); _hey-ward_ (farm-yard keeper); _sti-ward_ (steward, the officer who originally had care of the highways or _sties_?).

P. 44. l. 1514 _then_, an error for _ten_, to go. 1515 _in wis_, in wise, so that; but may we not read _in-wis_ = _i-wis_, indeed, truly? See l. 2521. 1518 _Holden wurðelike_, esteemed honourably, held in honour, respect; _a_ may be for _and_, or for _aa_ = _aye_, ever.

1519-20

A hundred times as much waxed his honour, So may God prosper where he will.

1521

_Niðede ðat folk_ [ðat] _him fel wel_, That folk envied him because he prospered.

1522 And made him change his abode; _flitten_ is to remove, to _flit_.

"O land he (Noe) had ful grette plenté, For him and for his sons thre; Mast to tilth he gave him þan, To _flitt_ þe breres he bigan; Sua lang wit _flitting_ he þam sloght, Þat wine-treis he þam wroght." —(Cursor Mundi, fol. 13.)

1524 _trewðe fest_, _troth-fast_, pledged by troth or plighted faith; _fest_ has usually the sense of confirming, pledging, in O.E.

"Þis neu forward (covenant) was _festened_ þan." —(Cursor Mundi, fol. 23.)

1527-28

And age came upon Isaac, _He_ became sightless and weak of (with) age.

_elde swac_ = _eldes wac_, weak of (with) age. 1531 _ðat_, what. 1535 _brogtes_, brought them. 1536 And she well knew the father's choice; _kire_ answers exactly to the later gloss, _wune_ = what is chosen, selected; S. Sax. _cure_, choice.

"Þer stoden in þere temple ten þusend monnen þet wes þe bezste _cure_ Of al Brut-londe."—Laȝ. i. 345.

1537 And made exceedingly good, or very opportunely, that meat; _on sele_ = _on-sele_, good, literally timely, opportunely; S.Sax. _on sele_, safely. See note on l. 1542.

"Cnihtes fuseð me mid leteð slæpen þene king And fare we _on sele_."—Laȝ. i. 32.

sæ-men æfter fóron flód-wége folc wæs _on salum_.

_The_ sea men after marched the flood way _the_ folk prospered (was in prosperity). —(Cædmon, 184, 13.)

1539 Clothed she Jacob and made him rough. 1542 _seles mel_, an error for _selie mel_, good (timely) meal? Cf. _miries dale_ for _mirie dale_, l. 1038, p. 30. See Laȝ. i. 75; ii. 173.

"And þas word saide Brutus þe _sele_ (the good)."—Laȝ. i. 30.

"haueð mi fader bi þære sæ Castel swiðe _sæle_."—(_Ibid._ ii. 14.)

1544 For he handled him and found him rough. 1545 When he knew him, opportunely he blessed him, faithfully and well. _on gode sel_, in good time, opportunely. See note to l. 1542.

P. 45. ll. 1547-8

Heaven's dew and earth's fatness, Abundance of wine and oil.

1550 Supply _and_ after _migt_.

1565-6

Quoth Esau, "right is his name Called Jacob, to my disadvantage."

1569-70

Nevertheless, dear father, intreat I thee That thou give me some blessing.

1573 _erðes smere_, earth's fatness; _smere_ is properly _fat_, grease, butter. In the Orm. ii. 106 it is used in the sense of ointment. 1574 granted him blessing that was precious to him; _gere_ is evidently an error for _dere_, beloved, dear, precious.

1575-6

For Idumea, that rich land, Of pasture good, was in his hand.

_lewse_, cf. O.E. _leswen_, to pasture; _lezzer_[398] (Shropshire), a pasture-land. (Wicliffe, 1 Kings xvi. 11; 1 Cor. ix. 7; Luke viii. 34.) "If ony man schal entre by me, he schal be saved; and he schal go yn, and schal go out, and he schal fynde _lesewis_." (Wicliffe, St John x. 9.) "Egipte aȝenst kynde of oþer londes haþ plenté of corn; he is bareyne of _lesue_, and whan he haþ plenté of _lesue_ it is bareyne of corn." (Trevisa's translation of Higden's Polychronicon, vol. 1, p. 131.)

1577-8

Quoth Esau, "_The time of_ mourning shall pass away, And _I_ shall take vengeance of (on) Jacob."

1577 _grot_ is a noun formed from the vb. to _grete_ (to weep, mourn), just as _wop_ is from _wepe_ (weep). It is the same as the O.E. _gret_, _grete_, cry, outcry.

P. 46. ll. 1583-4

"Be thou there," quoth she, "till Esau Appeased be, who rages now."

_Eðe-moðed_ (= _eðe-moded_) is literally easy-minded, humble, mild, and hence soft-mooded, appeased. S.Sax. _edmod_, _eadmodied_, _edmodie_. See Laȝ. ii. 554; Ancren Riwle, 246, 278. The insertion of _be_ is necessary to the metre as well as to the sense.

1588-9

Esau married _in order_ to annoy us When he allied (himself to kin of Canaan) and is so foolish.

1591-2

Wherefore he maketh him stubborn and strong, For he is mixed amongst that kin.

1594

_Ne bode ic no lengere werldes lif_, I could endure (abide) no longer world's life.

1605 _an soðe drem_, in true dream. 1606 _heuene bem_ = heaven-beam (?), the sun (?). 1610 _Lened_ = leaned; but the MS. also sanctions _leued_ = remained; _and [Jacob] wurð ut-suuen_, and Jacob became cast out of (aroused from) _his sleep_. 1615 _i_ = _ic_, I. It is common to find _i_ before _sal_, instead of the fuller _ic_.

P. 47. l. 1620 _amongus_ = _amonges_ = amongst. 1621 _a-gen cumen_ = _agen-cumen_, return. 1623 _for muniging_ = for _a_ memorial. 1624 _And get on olige_ = and poured on oil; _olige_ = the O.E. _olie_, _elye_ = oil; _anelye_, to anoint. 1636 A well well-covered under a stone. 1638 _abiden_ (= abode) is the pret. pl. of _abide_. 1641 _sulden samen_ = should assemble.

1649

_Iacob wið hire wente ðat ston_, Jacob for her removed that stone.

_wið_ in O.E. signifies in, for, against, etc.

1651-2

And he made known he was her aunt's son, And kissed her after kins-wise (as a relative).

_mouies_ is properly a female relative; S.Sax. _mawe_, _moȝe_, _mowe_, and must be distinguished from _mæi_, _mey_, _may_, etc., a male relative. "Þis ȝet þuncheð me wurst þæt tu þe ane hauest ouergan þi feder ant ti moder, _meies_ ba ant _mehen_." (St Marherete, p. 16.)

"Nu is afered of þe þi _mei_ and þi _mowe_; Alle heo wereð þe weden þat er weren þin owe."—(O.E. Miscell. p. 178.)

We occasionally, as in this instance, meet with the word in a more limited sense.

"Annd hire _meȝhe_ Elysabaeþ Wass gladd inoh & bliþe Off hire dere child Iohan, And lefliȝ ȝho himm fedd."—(Orm. i. 109.)

"Has þou her," þai said, "ani man, Sun or dogter, mik or _mau_ To þe langand, or hei or lau."—(Cursor Mundi, fol. 17.)

We even find a confusion between the two terms, as in l. 1761, p. 51, and in the following passage:

"Loth went and til his _maues_ (sons-in-law) spak." —(Cursor Mundi, fol. 17.)

P. 48. ll. 1655-6 Laban welcomed him (Isaac's son travelled from afar) in friend's wise (friendly); _feren_ = S.Sax. _feorren_, afar, far, from a distance. (See Ancren Riwle, p. 70, l. 3888.)

"The sonne, and monne, and many sterren By easte aryseth swythe _ferren_."—(Shoreham, p. 137.)

1658 _and laban herte ranc_ = and Laban's heart was wrung (with pity)? for _ranc_ read _wranc_ = _wrang_. 1666 _wað_ = _quað_, quoth, spoke. 1668 _wið skil_, in reason, reasonably.

1671

_Luue wel michil it agte a-wold_ Love so great it ought prevail.

_agte awold_, have in power, prevail, avail. Cp. "Þerfore everyche Romayn overcomeþ oþer is overcome wiþ flaterynge and wiþ faire wordes; and ȝif wordes failleþ, ȝiftes schal hym _awelde_." (Trevisa's translation of Higden's Polychronicum, vol. i. p. 253.) 1676 _tog_ = _toc_ = took.

1681

_long wune is her driuen_, long custom is here held (practised).

P. 49. l. 1693 _londes kire_, custom of the land (country). 1700 _caldes_, called them. Cf. _calde is_ in l. 1702. 1706 _ille bi-nam_, foully ravished. 1712 _charen_, to depart, literally to turn. 1713 _ðelde_ an error for _gelde_ = should requite.

1713-14

Unless Laban should reward better His service, and withhold (retain) him yet.

1715 _serue he scriðed_ = he entreated _him_ to serve.

1719-26

Covenant is made of all sheep, Jacob should take charge _of those_ of one colour, And if of those, spotted _ones_ came, Those should be taken for hire (wages). Sheep or goat, speckled, streaked, or gray, Are placed from Jacob far away; Nevertheless those of one colour Bore many unlike and dissimilar.

P. 50. l. 1723 _haswed_ = _haswe_, "livid, a sad colour mixed with blue." It also signifies rugged, shaggy. 1726 _vn-like_ = unlike in colour. It may be, however, an error for _on-like_ = alike; _likeles_, unlike, dissimilar in form. 1729 _ðe sunder bles_, the diverse coloured ones. 1736 To be under him longer is displeasing to him. 1740 _clipping time_, shearing time. See Allit. Poems, A. 802. 1747 _for-olen_ = _for-holen_, secreted.

P. 51. l. 1758

_ðus meðelike spac ðis em_, thus kindly (mildly) spake this uncle.

1761-2

My relative, my nephew, my fellow (companion) Thou oughtest not to do me such unlawfulness (wrong).

_mog._ See note to l. 1651.

1763-4

I was afraid it might occur to thee To take thy daughters from me.

1765 _fro_ an error for _for_ (?).

1767

Theft I deny, that is my advice, That he be dead (put to death) with whom thou findest them (thy gods).

1768-9 _is_ = them. 1771 _yuel ist bi-togen_, evil is there accused = wrongfully has accusation been made, i. e. I am accused of a crime. _bitogen_, the p.p. of _biteon_, signifies also _befallen_. _bitogen_ may be an error for _bilogen_. 1772 My labour about thy property is drawn (taken up), i. e. I am troubled about thy property. 1774 And to me was thine honour dear; _wurðing_ = honour, respect, good opinion. 1775 _fend sule wit ben_, friends shall _we two be_. 1776 And troth plight (pledge) now _us two_ between. 1779 _glað_ = glad. 1782 Turned backward ere it was light. 1783 _of weie rad_, quickly away. _of liues_ = alive; _of kin_ = akin. 1784 Soon was he far from Laban separated. 1786 _Engel-wirð_ = _engel-wird_, a troop, multitude of angels.

"Þer wes Bruttene _weored_ baldeliche isomned."—(Laȝ. ii. 412.)

1787 _wopnede here_, a weaponed (armed) host.

"_iwepned_ wel alle heo wenden to þan walle."—(Laȝ. i. 401.)

"& sone anan se þiss wass seȝȝd Þurrh an off Godess enngless, A mikell _here_ off enngleþeod Wass cumenn ut of heoffne, & all þatt hirdeflocc hemm sahh & herrde whatt teȝȝ sungenn."—(Orm. i. 115.)

"He comuth with so gret _here_ Wondur is the ground may heom beore."—(Kyng Alys., p. 91, l. 2101.)

P. 52. l. 1797-8

And Jacob sent far before Him rich gifts, and sundry bearers.

1798 _loac_ = _lac_, _loc_, a gift, present.

"ðe riche reoðeren & scheop & bule, hwa se mihte brohten to _lake_."—(St. Kath. 63.)

"And bi þatt allterr wass þe _lac_ O fele wise ȝarkedd."—(Orm. i. 34.)

"Alle hii nemen þat _lock_."—(Laȝ., later copy, ii. 320.)

_boren_ = bearers. A.S. _bora_. 1804 The sinews sprang from the limb. _lið_ = member, limb. See Hampole's P. of C. 1917.

1805-6

Would they (Jacob's kin) no sinews thenceforth eat, His own kin will not forget that usage.

1808 Till the dawning up from the east burst. 1811 _leate_ = _lete_, relinquish. 1818 How shall any man be able to hurt thee? 1826 And honoured him as the first-born; _wurðe_ should be _wurð[ed]e_. 1828 _ðo rew him so_, then had he such compassion upon Jacob.

P. 53. l. 1829 _trume_, host. (See Guy of Warwick, p. 291; Laȝ. iii. 73, 107.)

"And he arayeth hare _trome_ As me (one) areyt men in fyȝt."—(Shoreham, p. 108.)

Cp. _shel-ter_ = or _scheltron_ = _schild-trume_. 1833 Jacob was sorrowful that he forsook (refused) them (the presents). 1835 _hol and schir_ = whole and sound; _schir_ = sheer, pure, undefiled. 1837 _him to frame_ = for his own use. 1840 _tgelt_ = _tyelt_ = encamped. Cf. Ger. _zelt_; Eng. _tilt_. 1843 There King Emor sold him a _piece of_ ground. 1848 She departed leave-less (without permission) from that place. 1851 Her own counsel misled (ruined) her. We might read

_for hire listede hire owen red_, for her own counsel pleased her.

1854

_And his burge-folc fellen in wi_, And his people (borough-folk) fell in war.

_wi_ = _wig_ = war. Cf. Semi-Sax. _wiȝe_, battle, conflict. (Laȝ. i. 201; ii. 260; iii. 5.) _wi-ax_, _wi-eax_, a battle-axe. (Laȝ. i. 67, 96, 166, 286.) 1855 _bi-speken_, blamed. Cf. _bi-spac_, l. 1444, p. 41.

P. 54. l. 1872 _Gol prenes_ = _golde prenes_ = gold brooches. _Prene_ is connected with O.E. _preonne_, to sew up. (See O.E. Miscell, p. 172, l. 68.) Sc. _prin_, a pin.

1873-4

Deep he them buried under an oak, No covetousness made him weak (disobedient) in heart.

1877-8

For Solomon shall find them, And his temple deck withal.

1887 _merke dede_, set up a mark (monument).

P. 55. ll. 1901-2

Of Edom so it was named then, For it was before called Bozra.

1906 _deden un-red_ = committed sin; _unred_, want of wisdom, miscounsel, folly, wickedness. (See Owl and Nightingale, 161.)

"For _unræd_ is swiðe ræh (rash)."—(Laȝ. i. 278.)

1910 _Brictest of waspene_ (_wasteme_), brightest of form; _witter wune_ = skillwise, skilful, of good abilities. 1912 _vn-hillen & baren_, discover and lay bare (disclose); _vnhillen_ = O.E. _unhelen_. (See Surtees, Ps. xxviii. 9.)

1914 _wel-ðewed_, well conducted, well behaved.

1915

_for-ði wexem wið gret nið_;

unless _wexem_ = _wex hem_, we should perhaps read,

_for-ði he wexen wið gret nið_, Wherefore they increased in great envy (jealousy).

_wið_ = in. 1919 _soren_ = _shorn_ = reaped. _Shear_ is still an E.Anglian term for to reap.

"And I sal say til men _scherande_, Gaderes the darnel first in bande, And brennes it opon the land, And _scheres_ sithen the corn rathe, And bringes it unto my lathe." —(Met. Hom. p. 146.)

1920 _here_ = theirs. Cf. _ure_ = ours. 1923 _hu mai ðis sen_, how may this appear (be seen). 1928 _siðe_ = _siðen_ = afterwards. 1934 In Dothan he found them come. _sogt_ = sought = come, arrived? 1935 _fro feren_ = from afar.