Part 17

ðat he ðor lutten belphegor. Ðo ſeide god to moyſen, "ðe me[i]ſtres of ðiſe hore-men, 4072

[384] gere?

[385] MS. cumen.

[386] MS. helped.

WHOREDOM AND IDOLATRY PUNISHED.

God commands the chief men to be hanged.

ðe fendes folgen and me flen, ðe bidde ic hangen ðat he ben; Ben ðeſe hangen ðe ſunne agen, ðise oðer[387] folc ſal meðe ſen." 4076

Twenty-three thousand were slain.

Godes wreche ðor haueð of-ſlagen xx.iii. ðuſent of dagen.[388]

Phinehas kills Zimri and Cozbi

finees waſ a ſeli man, ðe godes wreche forðen gan; 4080 He ſlug Zabri for godeſ luuen, Hiſe hore bi-neðe and hi_m_ abuuen;

[Fol. 79b.] with his long and sharp pike.

ðurg and ðurg boðen he ſtong wið hiſe giſarme ſarp & long. 4084 God moysen nemnen bead

God commands Moses to take the sum of the people above twenty.

Hiſ folc ðe was firmeſt fro dead, Or .xx. winter or more hold, ðe in egypte or ne weren told; 4088

It was found to be 601,720.

On and .vi. hundred ðuſent ðor, And .vii. hundred and .xx. mor Moyſes fond and eliazar; Was non of he_m_ told in tale or, 4092

Of those who were numbered at Sinai, all died except Joshua and Caleb.

ðo moyſes tolde he_m_ and aaron, ðan [h]e gunnen fro egipte gon. Vten ioſue and caleph, Alle elles he driuen i_n_ deades weph; 4096 Alle ðiſe wapmen ðor[389] god let liwen, ðe lond hoten ſal hem ben giuen. God moyſes clepede and q_u_ad to him,

Moses being told of his death,

"ſtig hege up to munt Abarim, 4100 And ic ſal don ðe ðeðen[390] ſen ðe lond ðe ſal ðiſ folc[e]s ben; ðer ðu ſalt ben of werlde numen. In to ðat lond ſalt ðu nogt cumen." 4104 "Lou_er_d, m_er_ci!" q_u_ad moyſes,

intreats God not to let the people be "helpless."

"Let ðu ðin folc nogt helpe-les, And good let oc ðu he_m_ bi-ſe, Alſwilc alſ hem bi-hu[f]lik bee." 4108

[387] MS. oder.

[388] MS. ðagen.

[389] MS. dor.

[390] MS. ðeden.

MOSES DIES IN MOAB.

[Fol. 80.] Joshua is appointed to succeed him.

God hem andſwerede, "ioſue Ic wile ben loder-man aft_er_ ðe; Tac him bi-foren eleazar, ðat al ðin folc wurð war, 4112 And ðine hondes ley him on, Sey him on ðin ſtede to gon." Alſ it is boden, alſo he dede, Ioſue wurð ſet on hiſe ſtede. 4116

When Moses was on Abarim, God showed him the promised land.

Ðo moyſes was on abarim, ðat lond hoten god tawned him. ðor q_u_iles him leſten liue dages, Hiſ he tagte leue lages, 4120

Moses' song, setting forth God's vengeance

And writen hem, haueð[391] iſ hem bitagt, Bute-if he iſ loken he_m_ beð agt,[392] Erðe and heuene he wittneſſe tooc, And wrot an canticle on ðat booc, 4124

upon those who would not serve Him truly.

ðat ðreated ðo men bitter-like ðe god ne ſeruen luue-like. ðo .xii. twelue kinderedes, on and on,

The blessings of the twelve tribes.

He gaf bliſcing bi-leue gon; 4128 At munt nemboc on ðat knol faſga, Wane he was ſtigen ðeðen ðoa, Sag ðe lond of p_ro_miſſion, ðurg god[393] hi_m_ was ſiðen ðat on. 4132

Moses dies in Moab, and is buried by angels' hands.

ðer he ſtarf i_n_ne. ðe moab lond, His bodi was biried wið angeles hond,

[Fol. 80b.] No man ever found his body.

ðer non man ſiðen it ne fond, In to lef reſte hiſ ſowle wond. 4136 Ebrius ſeigen, ðuſ waſ bi-tid,

It was thus hid,

ðat moyſes waſ hem ðuſ hid, for, migten he finden ðe ſtede,

that the people might not afterwards worship it.

Q_u_or engel-wird hiſ liche dede, 4140 fele ſulden him leuen on, And leten god; ðat were miſ-don.

[391] MS. haued.

[392] MS. beð beð agt.

[393] MS. goð.

MAY GOD SHIELD US FROM HELL'S NIGHT!

Ydolatrie, ðat waſ hem lef, ofte vt-wrogte he_m_ ſorges dref. 4144

Although Moses was 120 years old,

MOyſes iſ faren, on elde told fulle ſex ſcore winter old;

yet his eyesight remained bright, and every tooth was "by tale right."

And ðog hi_m_ leſtede hiſe ſigte brigt, And eu_er_ilc toð bi tale rigt. 4148 .xxx. daiges wep iſrael for hiſ dead(.) and bi-ment it wel.

Such a prophet in Israel rose none.

Swilc p_ro_phete i_n_ folc of iſrael Roſ non, ne ſpac wið god ſo wel; 4152 Eſdras iſ witneſſe of [hiſ] ſage, He was wel wiſ of ðe olde lage.

Beseech we now God's might,

Bi-ſeke we nu godes migt, ðat he make ure ſowles brigt, 4156

that he shield us from Hell's night,

And ſhilde us fro elles nigt, And lede us to bliſſe and i_n_-to ligt; In ſwilc ðewes lene[394] us to cumen,[395] ðurg q_u_at we ben to liue numen, 4160

[Fol. 81.] and bring us all into bliss. Amen!

And in-to bliſſe wið ſeli men; Wið muð and herte ſey we, Amen! EXPLICIT LIBer EXOD_US_.

[394] ? leue.

[395] MS. cunen.

NOTES.

P. 1. ll. 1-2

_Man og to luuen ðat rimes ren, ðe Wisseð wel ðe logede men._

_og_, another form of _agh_, = _ow_ = ought. _ren_ = _run_ = _rune_, song, story.

"Nalde ha nane _runes_ Ne nane luue _runes_ leornen ne lustnen."—(St. Kath. 108.)

_logede_ = lay. It is not necessarily unlearned, ignorant, etc., for O.E. writers frequently use the term in contradistinction to clergy. See Ayenbite, p. 197. "Vor all manere of volk studieþ in avarice, and (both) great and smale, kinges, prelates, clerkes, an _lewede_ and religious."—(Ayenbite, p. 34.)

"And bathe klerk and _laued_ man Englis understand kan, That was born in Ingeland."—(Met. Hom. p. 4.)

3 _loken_, to take care of oneself, to direct one's course of life, keep from sin. See Ayenbite of Inwyt, pp. 1, 197, 199, 201.

"Ac alneway hit is nyed to leawede men that hi ham _loki_ vram þise zenne (avarice)."—Ayenbite, p. 31.

10 _ðund_ is evidently an error for _gund_ = yond, yonder, over. Cp. gu for ðu, ll. 365, 366.

"& _þeond_ þat lond he heom to-draf (B. & ouer al þat lond he drof heom)."—(Laȝ. i. 68.)

12 _earuermor_ = _eauermor_ = evermore. 14 _soðe-sagen_ = _soðe-sage_ = _sooth-saw_ = sooth-saying, true saying.

15-16

_Cristene men ogen ben so fagen, so fueles arn quan he it sen dagen._

Christian men ought to be as fain (glad) As fowls (birds) are when they see it dawn.

17 _telled_ = _telleð_ = telleth. 20 _devil-dwale_ = devil-deceiver, devil-heretic = arch-deceiver, arch-heretic. See l. 67. Cf. _maȝȝstredwale_ = master heretic = arch-heretic, in the following passage:—

"Off all þis laþe læredd follc Þat we nu mælenn ummbe Wass _maȝȝstredwale_, an defless þeww, Þat Arrius was nemmnedd."

Of all this loathsome learned folk That we now talk about Was an arch-heretic, a devil's serf That Arius was named. —(Orm. i. p. 258, l. 7454.)

23

_til god srid him in manliched_, till god shrouded (clothed) himself in manhood. _srid_ = _sridde_.

24 _bote and red_, salvation and counsel. 25 _And unspered al ðe fendes sped_ = undid all the fiend's successful work (luck). 26 _halp_ = Old and Middle Eng. _holp_ = helped, assisted.

P. 2. l. 27 _Biddi_, an error for _bidde_?

31-34

_ðu giue me seli timinge, To thaunen ðis wer[l]des biginninge, ðe, leuerd god, to wurðinge, Queðer so hic rede or singe!_

Give Thou me a propitious opportunity To show (declare) this world's beginning, Thee, Lord God, for honour, Whether-so-ever I read or sing!

_thaunen_ = _taunen_, show, exhibit.

"Ful wel he [Crist] _taunede_ his luue to man, Wan he ðurg holi spel him wan." —Bestiary (O.E. Miscell. p. 24, l. 767.)

The word is very uncommon in O.E. writers. Cp. O.Du. _tônen_, to show. See ll. 1022, 2034. _wurðinge_ = for worship, honour. _wurðinge_ is a noun, not a participle or gerund. See l. 133. 38 _Ear ðanne_ = ere that.

41

_ðo bad god wurðen stund and stede,_ When God bad exist time and space.

43 _ðrosing_ seems to be an error for _ðrosim_ or _ðrosem_ = fog, mist, chaos. Cf. _waspene_ in l. 1440, p. 41, where the correct form is _wasteme_. _aðrusemen_, to suffocate, occurs in Ancren Riwle, p. 40.

wíte þoliað hátne heaðo-welm helle to-middes brand & bráde lígas swilce eác þa biteran récas, _þrosm_ and þystro,

torment they suffer burning heat intense amidst hell, fire, and broad flames; so also the bitter reeks smoke and darkness. (Caedmon, p. 21, 18.)

45 _ðu wislike mune_ = do thou wisely bear in mind. 47 _hin_ = _hine_ = him. 48 _or_, another form of _ar_, = ere, before. 49-56 The meaning of these lines may be expressed as follows:—"And of them two [God the Father and God the Son] that dearly love, who wield all here and above, _proceeds_ that holy love, that wise will [the Holy Ghost], that wieldeth all things with right and skill [reason]. Might bad with word light exist; also that might [the Holy Ghost] wieldeth _holy consolation_, for there are three persons and one counsel, one might, and one godhead." 54 _Hali froure_ = holy comfort, an allusion to the office of Holy Ghost as the comforter.

"Hire uoster moder wes an þe _frourede_ hire."

= Her foster mother was one who comforted her.—(St. Marherete, p. 8.) 58 _o sunde[r] sad_ = _on sunder shad_, i. e. a-sunder shed = divided apart, separated. It still exists in _water-shed_, Ger. _wasser-scheide_. Cf. l. 116. See Hampole's Pricke of Conscience, p. 271, l. 32. Cp. "the _schedynge_ of tonges." (Trevisa's Translation of Higden's Polychron., p. 251.) "The longages & tonges were _ischad_ & to-schift."—Ib. p. 251.

P. 3. l. 63 _ðis walkenes turn_ = this welkin's course. See l. 79. 64 _quuad_ = _biquuad_ = bequeathed, ordained. See l. 117.

69

_And euerilc wunder, and euerilc wo._ And every evil and every woe.

_Wunder_ = misfortune, evil. S.Saxon _wundre_, mischief, hurt.

"hare lust leadeð ham to wurchen to _wundre_." = their lust leadeth them to work to mischief.—(St. Marh. p. 14.)

(See Sir Gawaine and the Green Knyght. Ed. Morris, l. 16.)

71-72 Our ancestors had some strange chronological theories. In the Cursor Mundi we read that Adam was made at _undern-tide_, at _mid-day_ Eve was drawn from his side, and at _noon_ they both ate the apple, and were thus only three _tides_ in bliss.[396]

73

_ðis ik_ (ilk?) _wort in ebrisse wen._

This same word is in Hebrew opinion (tradition). The true form is _wene_, "_a wene_" = in supposition. See Laȝ. l. 18752; Orm. l. 4326; Owl and Nightingale, l. 237.

77 _a-gon_ = _agen_ = again. 78 _a-gon_ = gone. It is our word _ago_. Grammarians, therefore, altogether err in making the _a_ in _ago_ = the prefixal element _ge_ (y) as in yclept. _agon_ and _ago_ = the A.Saxon _agán_ = _af-gán_, gone by, past. We have abundant examples in O.E. writers of the verb _agon_ (ago) = to go. The past participle is _agon_ or _ago_, in conformity to the rule that the past participles of verbs with this prefix do _not_ take the initial _y_. 81 _o france moal_; in French speech; _moal_ = _mel_ = speech. S.Saxon _mælenn_, to speak. See Orm. vol. i. l. 99, 253. _mol_ also signifies tribute. See O.E. Hom. 2 S. p. 179; O.E. Miscell. p. 151, l. 161. 87 _tellen_ = reckon. 88 _or_ = _ar_ = first.

P. 4. l. 102

_It hiled_ [= hileð] _al ðis werldes drof._ = It surrounds (encloses) all this world's drove (assemblage).

_drof_ = A.S. _dráf_, company.

105

_Til domes-dai ne sal it troken._ Till doomsday it shall not fail.

_troken_ = S.Saxon _truken_, O.E. _trokie_.

"Ah for nauer nare teonen Nulle we þe _trukien_."

But never for no injury Will we fail thee.

—(Laȝ. i. p. 186.)

"Ah nauest þu neuere nenne mon. . . . . . . Þe cunne wærc makien. Þe nauere nulle _trukien_."

But thou hast never no [any] man . . . . . . Who can make a work, That never will fail.

The later copy reads "þat neuere nolle _trokie_." See St. Kath. 1814.

107 _suuen_ = _shoven_, i. e. thrust, prest, driven.

111 _oo_ = O.E. _aa_ = _ai_ = ever.

119 _birðheltre_, fruit tree, from _birðel_, fruitbearing. Adjectives in _-el_, _-ol_, are not uncommon in O.E. See O.E. Hom. 2 S. p. 131.

Cp. "ðare bwys bowys all for _byrtht_." Their boughs bend all for fruit.—(Wyntown, i. p. 14.)

124-5 _fodme_. When we find, as on p. 2, l. 43, _ðrosing_ for _ðrosim_, we must not be surprised at learning that _fodme_ is an error for _fodinge_, production; A.S. _fadung_, dispensation, order, production, from _fadian_, _gefadian_, to dispose, order, produce. "Hwæt is se Sunu? He is þæs Fæder Wisdom, and his Word, and his Miht, þurh þone se Fæder gesceop ealle þing and _gefadode_."—(Ælfric—"De Fide Catholica"—Thorpe's Analecta, p. 65.) "An Scyppend is ealra þinga, gesewenlicra and ungesewenlicra; and we sceolon on hine gelyfan, forþon þe hé is soð God and ána Aelmihtig, seðe næfre ne ongann ne anginn næfde, ac hé sylf is anginn, and hé eallum gesceaftum anginn and ordfruman forgeaf, þaet hí beon mihton, and þæt hí hæfdon agen gecynd, swa swa hit þære godcundlican _fadunge_ gelicode."—(Ibid, p. 63.)

125 _quuemeðen_ = _quemeden_, pleased. See l. 86.

P. 5. l. 133

_walknes wurðinge, and erdes [erðes?] frame._ welkin's glory and earth's advantage.

_frame_ = advantage, gain, profit. See Handlyng Synne, ll. 5, 4249.

"Twifold forbisne in ðis der [the fox] To _frame_ we mugen finden her."—(O.E. Miscell. p. 14, l. 425.)

"Summwhatt icc habbe shæwedd ȝuw till ȝure sawle nede, ȝiff þat ȝe willenn follȝenn itt & ȝuw till _frame_ turrnenn."—(Orm. vol. i. p. 31.)

"_Manne frame_ = men's advantage."—(O.E. Miscell. p. 2, l. 39.)

"Jhesu, do me that for thi name Me liketh to dreȝe pyne ant shame That is thy (the?) soule note ant _frame_, Ant make myn herte milde ant tame."—(Lyric Poetry, p. 71.)

134

_He knowned (= knoweð) one ilc sterre name._ He alone knoweth each star's name.

135 _He settes_ = He set (placed) _them_. Cf. l. 156, where _wroutis_ = wrought _them_. The pronoun _is_ or _es_ = them. See Prefaces to Ayenbite of Inwyt, O.E. Hom. 1st and 2nd SS. 136 _ðis walkne went_ = this welkin's course. See l. 63. 141 _bi mannes tale_ = by man's reckoning. 143 _egest_ = _hegest_ = highest. _ðe sunnes brigt_ = the sun's brightness. 145 _moneð met_, measure of a month. Cp. O.E. _metwand_. 148 _Reke-fille_ (see l. 3136) = _reke-filleð_ (cp. O.E. _winter-fylleð_ = October. See Menologium, p. 62, ed. Fox), April (the vapoury or watery month).

155

_wel wurðe his migt lefful ay._ Well worth his might ever holy!

Cf. "_wo worth_ the day!" etc. _lefful_ = O.E. _geleáfful_, faithful, holy. O.E. Miscell. p. 23, l. 713. 160 _eruerilc_ = _eauerilc_ = every. 162 _his flotes migt_ = his floating (swimming) power. Cp. "_a flote_," _a float_, Rob. of Brunne, p. 169, l. 13. 163 _ðen_ = to prosper, be successful. Cf. the O.E. phrase, "so mot I _the_." 164 _tuderande_ = propagating, fruitful.

"Þa gyt drihten cwæð . . . . . wórd to Noe tymað nu & _tiedrað_."

Again the Lord spake . . . . . words to Noah:— Teem now and propagate. —(Cæd. p. 91.)

"I was borenn her Off faderr & off moder. . . . . . Þa þeȝȝre time wass all gan To _tiddrenn_ & to tæmenn."

I was born here Of father and mother. . . . . . When their time was all gone To propagate and to teem. —(Orm. ii. p. 284.)

See O.E. Hom. 2nd S. p. 177, where _tuder_ = offspring.

168 _So_, an error for _ðo_?

P. 6. l. 169 _wrim_ = _wirm_ = reptiles. 170 _Qwel_ = _qwelc_; _quilc_ = which.

172 _singen_, to sin. It is not an error for _sinnen_, but a genuine form (contracted from _sinigen_), and not uncommon in O.E. writers. See _sineged_ in l. 3555, p. 101.

"He _su[n]ggeden_ and sorgeden and weren in ðogt." They sinned and sorrowed and were in thought. (O.E. Miscell. p. 22, l. 682.)

"Þe verþe manere to _zeneȝi_ in chapare is to zelle to tyme." —(Ayenbite, p. 33.)

"Alsuo may he mid his oȝene wyue _zeneȝi_ dyadliche.—(Ibid. p. 36.)

_Sunegi_ = to sin, occurs in the "Owl and Nightingale," 926.

See _Sunegie_, _sunehi_, in O.E. Miscell. pp. 67, 68, 78, 79, 193.

173

_to fremen and do frame_, to serve and do good.—(See l. 133.)

"Heo scullen me mon-radene mid mo[n]scipe _fremmen_." They shall me homage with honour perform.—(Laȝ. ii. 586.)

See St. Kath. 288; Anc. Riwle, p. 284.

_Freme_ and _frame_ are radically the same words, the former being of A.Saxon and the latter of Norse origin. In the Ayenbite, p. 91, _vreme_ = _freme_ = _frame_ is used exactly in the sense of _frame_: "We wylleþ wel þet we be yvonded (tempted) vor hit is oure _vreme_ ine vele maneres, vor we byeþ þe more ymylded and þe dredvoller and þe more wys ine alle þinges and þe more worþ and þe more asayd." 197 _oc_ = _og_ = _ow_, ought.

P. 7. ll. 204-6

Whilst it (the soul) followed holy will, God's self the while is pleased, And displeased when it loves sin.

_un-lif_ is evidently an error for _un-lief_ = displeased = O.E. _unleôf_. In the MS. the _f_ has a long tail, and might almost stand for an incomplete _k_. 217 _kiegt_ = _hight_ = threatened, literally promised. 222 _ilc here_ = each of them. Cf. the expressions _her non_, _non her_ = none of them. 228 _sib_ = akin, related; still preserved in _gossip_, originally _godsib_. See Ayenbite, p. 36. 230 _wrocte_ = _wrogte_ = pret. of _worken_, to _ache_, _pain_, _hurt_. Cf. A.S. _rop-weorc_ = stomach-ache; _weorcsum_, irksome. In the Reliq. Antiq., p. 51, a receipt is given "for evel and _werke_ in þe bledder." On p. 54 of the same work we have a receipt for the "seke man" whose "heved _werkes_." 234 _ðurte_, an abbreviated form of _ðurfte_ = behoved. This verb is used with the _dative_ of the pronoun. (See Handlynge Synne, l. 5826.)

"Whyne had God made us swa Þat us _thurt_ never haf feled wele ne wa." —(Hampole's P. of C. 6229.)

P. 8. l. 240 _seli sped_ may be regarded as a compound, and printed _seli-sped_ = good speed, prosperity. Cf. l. 310, where _iwel sped_ = _iwel-sped_ = misfortune. Cf. O.E. _gode-happe_, prosperity, and _ille-happe_, mishap. 247 _seuendai_ = _seuend dai_ = seventh day. 250 _newes_ = _a-new_, a genitival adjective used adverbially. Cf. our modern adverb _needs_, O.E. _nedes_, of necessity; _lives_, alive. (R. of Gloucester, 301, 376. Owl and Nightingale, 1632.) _deathes_ = dead. (R. of Gl., 375, 382. Owl and Nightingale, 1630.) 255 _rode-wold_ = rode tree. I have printed _rode-wold_ and not _rode wold_, because the two expressions are widely different in meaning. In the latter phrase the word _wold_ = put to death, slain; in the former it is a suffix = -tree, -beam; so that _rode-wold_ corresponds exactly to the O.E. _rode-tre_ = _rood-tre_ = the cross.

"Þe ille men in manhed sal hym [Christ] se, Anly als he henged on þe _rode-tre_," etc. —(Hampole's P. of C., l. 5260.)

Cf. _dore-tree_, Piers Pl. 833, and the phrases "hanged on a _tree_," "the gallows _tree_," etc. O.E. _Tre_ = _tree_ = wood, beam (and _treen_ = wooden), still existing in _axle-tree_, _saddle-tree_, etc. The _-wold_ in _rode-wold_ must therefore = _-tre_ = wood, beam, which we still preserve in _threshold_. O.E. _threshwald_, _threshwold_ (A.S. _thersc-wald_, _thyrscwold_). The affix _-wold_ fortunately occurs again in lines 576 and 614 in the word _arche-wold_ = ark-board.

Sexe hundred ger noe was hold, Quan he dede him in ðe _arche-wold_.—(l. 576.)

Sex hundred ger and on dan olde Noe ſag ut of ðe _arche-wolde_.—(l. 614.)

A passage in Cædmon's poems furnishes us with the very term _ark-board_ by which we have rendered _arche-wold_.

"Læd swa ic ðe hate under _earce-bord_ eaforan þine."

Lead so I thee hete (command) under the ark-board thy progeny. —(l. 23, p. 80.)

"Him þa Noe gewat swa hine nergand het under _earce-bord_."

Noah then departed as him the preserver bad, under the ark board. —(l. 4, p. 82.)

259

_Siðen for-les ðat dai is pris_ Afterwards lost that day its honour.

266

_And seli sad fro ðe forwrogt._ And _the_ righteous separated from the wicked (accursed).

_Seli_ constantly occurs in O.E. writers in the sense of _good_, and _unseli_, with the opposite meaning of _bad_, _wicked_. At first sight it would appear that the _for_ in _forwrogt_ is the same prefix which we have in _forbid_, _forsake_, O.E. _for-worth_, "good for nothing;" but _forwrogt_ in O.E. = overworked, and, hence, fatigued. _Forwrogt_ seems to be connected with the O.H.Ger. _foruuerget_, cursed; O.E. _weried_, cursed. The first interpretation, however, is supported by the Goth. verb _fra-vaurkjan_; Ger. _verwirken_, sündigen.

271

_Ligber he sridde a dere srud._ Lucifer he shrouded (clothed) in dear (precious) shrouds (vestments).

_Ligber_ is evidently _Ligtber_ = Lucifer. It occurs in the Ayenbite, p. 10:—"And verst we willeþ zigge of þe zenne of prede, vor þet wes þe verste zenne and þe aginninge of alle kueade, for prede brek verst velaȝrede and ordre, huanne _Liȝtbere_ the angel for his greate vayrhede and his greate wyt wolde by above þe oþre angeles and him wolde emni to God þet hine zo vayr an zuo guod hedde ymad."

272-276

And he became in himself proud, And with that pride upon him waxed envy That evilly influenced all his conduct; Then might he no lord tolerate, That should in any wise control him.

P. 9. l. 275 _ðhauen_ = suffer, endure, tolerate. S.Saxon _ðafen_, _iðeuen_; O.E. _thave_.

"Þe sexte bede þatt mann bitt Uppo þe Paterr Nossterr Þatt iss, þatt Godd ne þole nohht Ne _þafe_ laþe gastess. To winnenn oferrhand off uss Þurrh heore laþe wiless."

The sixth petition that one prayeth in the Pater Noster is that God should not suffer nor permit loathsome spirits to gain the upperhand of us through their loathsome wiles. —(Orm. i. p. 188.)

"& Hengest hine gon werien. & nalde it noht _iþeuen_ [þolie]."

And Hengest gan him defend And would not suffer it. —(Laȝ. vol. ii. p. 215.)

276 _ðhinge_ = place, office, duty; it seems to be here used adverbially in the sense of "any wise," "at all." 276 _grauen_ is perhaps an error for _þrauen_, to compel, control. Cf. _gu_ for _ðu_, p. 11, ll. 365, 366, and _ðund_ for _gund_. If _grauen_ be the original reading then it is equivalent to _greven_. O.F. _grever_, Lat. _gravare_, to injure, grieve.

278

_Min sete norð on heuene maken._