CHAPTER IX.

It has been said that the history of England is written in the names of her fields and enclosures. Certain it is that in almost every parish, if the names of the fields be gone over, some name of exceeding interest or curiousness will be discovered, embalming some long-forgotten fact or tradition. There are in the parish of Breage two fields called "The Sentry"; this name is of course obviously a corruption of the word "sanctuary." These two sanctuary fields are at opposite ends of the parish; one forms the site of the main shaft of Wheal Vor Mine, and the other is in the Kenneggie district. Their situation thus lends force to a suggestion that they may in remote times have been actually used as local sanctuaries.[61] The probability of this seems to be increased by the fact that a field contiguous to the Kenneggie sanctuary field, is called the Church Close. Possibly in ancient days in the Church Close there stood a sanctuary chapel, whose story has long since faded into the mists of oblivion. Originally every church and churchyard was a sanctuary for criminals. The sanctuary seats at Hexham Abbey and Beverley Minster and the sanctuary knocker in Durham Cathedral are still in existence. A person who had committed murder or other heinous crime was safe if he could reach a sanctuary before he was waylaid and arrested; once within the sanctuary, if in forty days he confessed his crime and took a solemn oath before the coroner to depart from the country and never return again, he was allowed to go unmolested into exile. Possibly our two local sanctuaries may have been thus used in Celtic times. Had they continued to be used as such in later times, it is probable that some record of this use would have survived.

Two fields in the parish possess the gruesome name of "Park Blood." Certain local antiquaries have drawn the conclusion that the numerous fields of Blood dotted over West Cornwall commemorate the sites of desperate tribal struggles. It seems much more probable and reasonable, however, that "Park Blood"[62] is merely the corruption of the ancient Cornish for "Field of Flowers." This derivation, it is fair to add, seems in keeping with a number of other local names of fields, as "Eye Bright Field," "Bramble Field," "Furzy Croft Field," etc.

Another field of somewhat gruesome name is "Venton Ghost." Mr. Jenner suggests that this name may be a corruption of "Well of Blood," a title which may well have been due to the red waters of a chalybeate spring.

From a field whose name naturally suggests at a first sight ghosts and hauntings, we pass naturally to a field which bears the portentous name of "Wizard's Plot"; alas! all memory of the wizard who once probably dwelt on this spot, and practised his spells and necromancy there, has long since faded into oblivion.

It would be interesting to know how a field on Methleigh Farm obtained the name of "The Martyr's Close." As to who these martyrs were tradition can give no light. It is possible that the name may commemorate one of the many acts of ferocity committed in the name of religion in the days of the "Saints," when slight religious differences were ample justification for any form of homicide, or it may have had, as seems more probable to the writer, some connection with the story of the unfortunate men whose skeletons, bearing upon them the unmistakable traces of violent death, were discovered lying in a shallow grave beneath the site of the pulpit in Breage Church. If this latter theory be accepted it seems probable that the field earned its present name through some act of military reprisal during the Parliamentary Wars.

In the Germoe district there is a field called "Bargest Croft." At first sight "Bargest" suggests a corruption of "Bargheist,"[63] the Teutonic and Scandinavian animal spectre, whose apparitions play such a large part in the folklore of the North of England. The resemblance in the words, however, is only superficial, "Bargest" evidently being a corruption of "Bargas," a kite, which is a more or less common form in compound local place names.

Turning from place names which have been culled in the main from the tithe map to the parish tithe itself. Probably our tithe with other Cornish tithe came first to be paid in Celtic times, not through any force of law, but gradually by custom, each owner of land making what was deemed a fitting payment for the maintenance of the bishop and clergy of the diocese and possibly to some extent for the relief of the poor. As in so many other instances long custom came gradually to obtain the force of legal enactment and the payment of tithe to become legally binding. When Churches were built at Breage and Germoe, our local tithe instead of going to the support of the clergy of the diocese generally, would pass to the special use of the clergy of Breage and Germoe; the right of appointing such clergy passing also by custom, it seems more than probable, to the builders of the Churches and their heirs.

When we deal with the fast fading superstitions of the district, it is interesting to note the extreme frequency in local folklore of superstitions exactly parallel to the Northern superstition of the Bargheist. At no very distant time, judging from the accounts of the aged, the majority of the lanes, roads and lonely places of the district were inhabited by spectral animals. The Board School master, however, has been allowing them no close time, and they soon will be as extinct as the mammoth, the cave bear, or the woolly haired rhinoceros. It is considered unlucky locally to behold these spectral animals, just as in the Northern superstitions the appearance of the Bargheist denotes disaster to the beholder. A flock of phantom sheep on the main road have not yet been quite exterminated, and their pitter-patter on wild, stormy nights may still be heard by the belated wayfarer, whilst a little further on, closely contiguous to the main road, it is said a phantom "passun" may still be seen; also certain houses have been pointed out to the writer as having been terribly troubled with "sperruts."

The great enemy of "sperruts" and spectres of all kinds in his day was the Reverend Robert Jago,[64] Vicar of Wendron, at the end of the seventeenth century. The dim traditions of his doughty feats in warring with spectres still vaguely linger, in a condition varying towards evanescence, in the popular mind. A lane leading up from the village of Herland Cross to Pengilly Farm still bears the name of Jew's Lane. In this lane a Jew had hanged himself in rage or despair after some outrage or wrong committed upon him by the Squire Sparnon of that day. Not long after the Jew's suicide the lane was rendered impassable at night by horrible sounds and sights, and recourse was had to the Reverend Robert Jago, who received a fee of five guineas for the business of laying the troublesome ghost. The method of Mr. Jago seems to have been first to draw a circle with a long whiplash upon the ground, whilst repeating certain formulæ and prayers. Having placed himself within the circle, he was safe from the anger of malignant spirits, and was thus able to summon the troubled spirit and banish it from the neighbourhood without danger to himself.

Mr. Wentz, in his "Faery Faith of Celtic Countries," gives the following story, taken from the lips of an aged man--John Wilmet, of Constantine--having reference to Parson Jago and the traditions of ghost-laying that still linger round his name: "A farmer who once lived near the Gweek River called Parson Jago to his house to have him quiet the ghosts and spirits regularly haunting it, for Parson Jago could always put such things to rest. The parson went to the farmer's house, and with his whip formed a circle on the floor, and demanded the spirit, which made its appearance on the table, to come down into the circle. Whilst on the table the spirit was visible to all the family, but as soon as it got into the ring it disappeared and the house was never troubled afterwards."

John Wilmet had also much to tell Mr. Wentz about the piskies or pobol vean that he heard, but did not see, at Bosahn. It is round the piskies, indeed, that the great mass of Cornish folk beliefs cling. Sixty or seventy years ago this belief seems to have been all but universal amongst the country people, and though now fast dying, is by no means extinct. Indeed, a churchwarden of many years standing recently dated a certain event by the winter in which he had been piskie "led." It seems on this occasion when leaving the market town he had taken the wrong turning and walked on rapidly till in the end he found himself more than twelve miles from home. Another Cornishman informed the writer that one night, thinking something was disturbing some of his cattle, he went out into his field to see what was the matter; when he endeavoured to return to the house, owing to the piskies he could not find the gate again, and had to spend several weary hours wandering round and round the hedges in a vain and exasperating search in rain and darkness, at one time floundering in a nettle bed, at another in mud and water over the tops of his boots.

An aged woman, Mrs. Harriet Christoper, informed Mr. Wentz, that a woman who lived near Breage Church had a fine baby, and she thought the piskies came and took it and put a withered child in its place. The withered child lived to be twenty years old, and was no larger when it died than when the piskies brought it. The parents believed that the piskies often used to come and look over the wall by the house to see the child, and she had heard her grandmother say that the family once put the child out of doors at night to see if the piskies would take it back again. The piskies are said to be very small, and you could never see them by day. She used to hear her grandmother, who had been dead fifty years, say that the piskies used to hold a fair in the fields near Breage, and that the people saw them dancing. She also remembered her grandmother saying that it was customary to set out food for the piskies at night.

Mr. Hunt, in his popular "Romances of the West of England," tells us that Bal Lane in Germoe was a famous haunt of the fairies in old time, and that at certain seasons of the year they held a great fair there.

The fairy folk in local superstitions seem to have been divided into three species--the piskies, fairies of the moors, dells and surface of the earth generally; the knockers or knackers, fairies of the mines, whom the miners heard knocking in the depths of the earth, indicating by their knocks the presence of rich veins of ore, or if of a malignant disposition luring the miners by their knockings to vain efforts after non-existent mineral wealth. The third order of fairies was that of the Buccas, an amphibious species, to whom down to recent times offerings of fish were made.

It is pleasant to gather from the learned author of "The Faery Faith in Celtic Countries" that the superstitions of the Cornish are of a much brighter character than those of the other branches of the Celtic race; the superstitious beliefs of their near kinsmen, the Bretons, being of a specially gloomy character. The pobol vean, it seems, are much more cheery folk, in spite of all their pranks, than gloomy Ankou, king of the dead, and his attendant ghosts. Having said that the Cornish folklore is not of a gloomy character is to say perhaps all that can be said in praise of it.

I have alluded to the foregoing tales and beliefs because in the course of a generation or so they will have completely faded from the popular mind. Our people seem eager to have done with the past, and to reach forward to the future, fraught with new conditions and new thought. When we compare the present with the past, we can only be thankful for all that change has brought within recent generations in physical surroundings and moral outlook. Let us hope that her future gifts, which give promise of being prodigal, will be as beneficent as those of the recent past, for we still require much at her hands. The danger seems to lie in wandering into a materialistic desert, for it is but too true that "Man can not live by bread alone."

FOOTNOTES:

[61] I am aware that the term Sanctuary came to be applied very loosely, and came to mean sometimes little more than Churchland or even a Tithe Barn. The Rev. Thomas Taylor, of St. Just, suggests with regard to the Kenneggie "Church Close" and "Sanctuary" that these fields may have been fragments of the ancient Manor of Methleigh, which passed from the See of Exeter to the Dean and Chapter of Exeter, who alienated it from the Church.

[62] "Park Blood" might be "Park Blod," the field of flowers. "Blodon" in the 12th century vocabulary is "Flos," and "Blot" is the same as "farina." In Welsh "blawd" is "flour" and "blodon" "flower." In later Cornish "blez" is "flour" and "bledzahn" is "flower." There still survives a dialect word "blouth."

_Mr. H. Jenner_

[63] Mr. H. Jenner.

[64] See Daniell's "History of Cornwall."

INDEX.

A.

Ancient Glass in Breage Church, 52.

Aneurin, 18.

Ankou, King of the dead, 154.

Armada, The, 67.

Arundell, Benedict de, 45.

Arundell, Humphrey, 60, 126.

Arundell, Sir John of Lanherne, 57, 116.

Arundell, John, Colonel of Horse, 117.

Arundell, John, Last of the Arundells of Truthal, 117.

Arundell, Ralph, 116.

Arundell, Sir Thomas of Tolverne, 116.

Ashton, 74.

Athelstan, Saxon King, 27.

Atwell, Parson and Physician, 75.

B.

Bal Lane, 153.

Barbary Corsairs, 125.

Bargest Croft, 150.

Bargheist, The, 151.

Barnes, Revd. Jocelyn, Vicar of Breage, 88.

Bartholomew, Black, 72.

Bells, Breage, 90, 91.

Bells, Germoe, 92.

Bede, The Venerable, 17.

Berkeley, Sir Charles, 108.

Berkeley, Dorothy, 107.

Berkeley, Francis, 108.

Berkeley, Sir Henry, 107

Bery, John, Vicar of Breage, 59, 61.

Black Death, The, 48, 64.

Boaden, Jos., 146, 147.

Bodmin, 48.

Bordars, 30.

Boscawen, Hugh, 79.

Breage Church, 24, 50, 51, 52, 53.

Breton Saints, 22.

Briefs, 97, 98.

Brother Thomas of Hayles, 46.

Brythons, The, 10, 17, 18.

Bucca, The, 153.

Buller, Mr. Justice, 128.

Burials by Night, 97.

Buryan, Chapel of, 44.

Burying-place of Godolphins, 102.

C.

Canons of St. Keverne, 34.

Carter, Mrs. Cornelia, 90.

Carter, Harry, 129 to 137.

Carter, John, "King of Prussia," 137 to 139.

Carter, Family of, 128.

Carter, William Thornton, 90.

Cattle, Cornish, in 17th Century, 75.

Cecil, Lord Burleigh, 105, 106.

Celtic Bishops, 26.

Celtic Churches at Breage and Germoe, 24 to 26, 35.

Celtic Cross in Breage Churchyard, 24.

Celtic Method of Consecrating Churches, 23, 26.

Charles II. at Breage, 70, 71, 106, 109.

Chammonds, Family of, 115.

Christianity in Ireland at the End of the 5th Century, 19, 20.

Church Ales, 77.

Church Registers, 92 to 99.

Churchwardens, 98, 99.

Churches, Built on Sites of Heathen Temples, 25.

Churston, Lord, 128.

Chynoweth, 23.

Clarendon, Earl of, 107.

Clergy, The Chief Sufferers from Plague, 48.

Clyes, Rawe, Blacksmith and Physician, 75.

Cole, John, 105.

Collegiate System in Saxon Times, 33.

Coliberts, 33.

Collins, Revd. E., Vicar of Breage, 82, 92.

Colonies of the Saints, 26.

Commissioners of Edward VI., Their Report on the Churches of Breage and Germoe, 61, 62.

Communion Plate, Breage and Germoe, 92.

Conan, The Castle of, 18.

Coode, Dorcas, of Methleigh, 69.

Coode, Family of, 69.

Coode, John, of Methleigh, 70.

Cornish Bishops, 26.

Cornish Language, 10.

Cotton, William, Vicar of Breage, 66, 68, 69.

Council of Arles, 17.

Council of Nicæa, 17.

Crettier, Henry, Vicar of Breage, 57.

Crowan, 19.

Cury, 33, 38.

D.

Dawe, Sir Alexander, Vicar of Breage, 63, 64.

Dean, Matthew, of Buryan, 44.

Dellaregetto, Wm., 96.

Diodorus, Siculus, 14.

Domesday Book, 28, 31.

Durrow, Book of, 21.

E.

Earldom of Cornwall, 35.

Earls of Cornwall, 34.

Edmund, Earl of Cornwall, 42.

Egbert, Saxon King, 27.

Eglos Penbroe (Breage), 24.

Emmanuel College, Cambridge, 65, 106.

Epsley, Thomas, "The Inventor of Shooting the Rocks," 97.

Erasmus, Edmundus, 95, 96, 105.

Essex, Earl of, 106.

Eusticke, William, Vicar of Breage, 82 to 84.

F.

Fairies, 13, 152 to 154.

Fight Between Wreckers from Breage and Wendron, 80.

Flint Implements, 9.

Fraddam, Witch of, 120 to 122.

Frederick II. "Stupor Mundi," 48.

Frescos in Breage Church, 50 to 52, 89.

Frescos in Pengersick Castle, 127.

G.

Germoe Church, 26, 50, 53, 54.

Germoe, People of, 79.

Gilbert de Clare, Earl of Gloucester, 41.

Gildas, 18.

Giraldus, 35.

Glanville, John, Judge of the Court of Common Pleas, 105.

Glasney, Collegiate Church of, 45.

Glass, Mediæval in Breage Church, 52, 89.

Gode, Sir John, Vicar of Breage, 58, 101, 103.

Goidels, The, 10, 18.

Godolphin, Dame Alice, 105.

Godolphin, Dame Blanche, 104.

Godolphin, Catherine, 112.

Godolphin, Dame Dorothy, 107.

Godolphin, Elinora, 101.

Godolphin, Sir Francis I., 67, 73, 95, 104 to 106.

Godolphin, Sir Francis II., 106, 107, 108.

Godolphin, Francis, Second Earl of, 113.

Godolphin, Dr. Henry, Dean of St. Paul's, 93, 107.

Godolphin, Sir John, 58, 101, 103.

Godolphin, John, 78.

Godolphin, Margaret, 110, 111.

Godolphin, Sidney, First Earl of, 86, 109 to 112.

Godolphin, Sidney, Cavalier, 107, 108.

Godolphin, Penelope, 108.

Godolphin, Sir William I., 103, 104, 126.

Godolphin, Sir William II., 65, 69, 70, 78, 79, 95, 106.

Godolphin, Sir William III., 106.

Godolphin, Sir William IV., 107, 108.

Godolphin, Sir William of Treveneag, 113.

Godolphin, Master Thomas, 58.

Graeme, Hugh, 94, 95.

Grandisson, Bishop, 46.

Great Work Mine, 73.

Greeks, The Ancient, 14.

Gregory, the Great, 30.

Gregory IX., Pope, 41.

Grenfell, Lydia, 85, 86.

Grotto, Ferrata, 42.

Guary, Plays, 77.

Gunwalloe, 33, 38.

Gwydian, Celtic God of Vegetation, 11.

H.

Hals, County Historian, 37, 101, 125.

Harvest Customs, 11.

Harvey, Francis, Vicar of Breage, 65, 66, 68, 82.

Hayles Abbey, 38, 41, 42, 43, 47, 59, 63.

Hayle River, 19.

Helmets in Breage Church, 102.

Helston, 74.

Helston Flora, 11.

Helston Old Church, Commissioner Body Murdered in, 60.

Hingston Down, 27, 39.

Hobbs, The Philosopher, 107, 108.

Horses, Cornish, in 17th Century, 74.

Human Remains: A Forgotten Tragedy, 53, 89, 90.

Hurling, Game of, 75.

Huthnance, Henry, Vicar of Breage, 82.

I.

Ictis, Island of, 14.

Innes, James, Intruding Puritan Minister at Breage, 72, 82.

Interdict, The, 40.

Ireton, General, 107.

Irish Saints, The, 17, 19, 22.

Isabella de Clare, 41.

Ivernians, The, 9, 17.

J.

Jago, Robert, Vicar of Wendron, 151.

Jago, Family of, 117.

Jakes, Master John, Vicar of Breage, 59.

Jews in Cornwall, 42.

Jew's Lane, Haunting of, 151.

John de Beaupré, 44.

John, Earl of Oxford, 56.

Jordan, William, 77.

K.

Kells, Book of, 21.

Killigrews of Arwennick, 78.

Killigrew, John, 105.

Killigrew, Dame Margaret, 105.

Kiltor of St. Keverne, 60.

L.

Landerdale, Earl of, 72.

Leland, The Antiquary, 18, 22, 23, 37, 73.

Leeds, Dukes of, 88.

Lemon, William, 140 to 142.

Leofric, Bishop, 28, 34.

Lewes, Battle of, 42.

Llwarch-Hen, 18.

Lyspein, David de, Vicar of Breage, 45, 46, 57.

M.

MacDonald, Angus, 96.

Marshall, Revd. Edward, Vicar of Breage, 91, 92.

Martin, Tobias, 143 to 146.

Martyn, Henry, 85, 86.

Martyr's Close, 149, 150.

Mat Making in Cornwall, 17th Century, 75.

Methleigh, Manor of, 28, 34, 114, 117.

Midsummer Eve Customs, 12.

Militon, Job, 125, 126.

Militon, John, 78.

Militon, William, 128.

Miners, Cornish, Condition of, 17th Century, 72.

Miracle Plays, Cornish, 76, 77.

N.

Nansladons, Family of, 115.

Nicknames, 75.

Nicol, Henry, Minister of Germoe, 61.

Norman Churches at Breage and Germoe, 36, 37.

Norman Fonts at Breage and Germoe, 36.

O.

Oratories at Rinsey and Godolphin, 50.

Orchard, William, Vicar of Breage, 69 to 72, 82.

Ordinalia, The, 77.

Origen, 17.

P.

Palm Sunday Rites in Mediæval Church, 56.

Pascasius, Vicar of Breage, 43, 44, 45.

Patronage of Breage and Germoe, 37.

Pelagius, 17.

Pellour, Sir William, 49, 57.

Pencair, Hill of, 18, 23.

Pengersick Castle, 50.

Pengersick, Henry de, 46.

Pengersick, John, 50.

Penwith Peninsula, 15.

Pembro Farm, 24.

Pers, Sir William, Vicar of Breage, 45 to 57.

Phial Reputed to Contain Blood of Christ, at Hayles Abbey, 42.

Phœnicians, 14.

Pilgrims to St. Michael's Mount, 56.

Population of Breage and Germoe in Saxon Times, 32.

Porthleven, Shipwreck at, 47.

Poseidonius, 14.

Prior and Canons of Plympton, 35.

R.

Reformation, Effects of, 73, 76.

Religion of Celts, 10, 14.

Restoration of Breage and Germoe Churches in 1891, 88.

Richard, Earl of Cornwall, King of the Romans, 40, 41, 42, 88.

Rinsey, John, 50, 101.

Rinsey, Manor of, 28, 29.

Roads, Cornish, in 17th Century, 74.

Robert de Belesme, 37.

Robert de la More, Vicar of Breage, 43.

Robert, Earl of Cornwall, 34, 37.

Romans in Cornwall, 16.

Rood Stairway in Breage Church, 52.

S.

St. Aubyn, Thomas, 78, 126.

St. Aubyn, John, 79.

St. Bridget, 23.

St. Breaca, 16, 19, 22, 24.

St. Breoke, 38.

St. Christopher, 52.

St. Cruenna, 19, 22.

St. Chrysostom, 17.

St. Germoe, 17, 19, 22, 23, 46.

St. Germoe's Chair, 54 to 56, 125.

St. Germoe's Well, 54.

St. Gwithian, 22.

St. Hilary Church, 16.

St. Ia, 22.

St. Just, 21.

St. Levan, 22.

St. Michael's Mount, 14, 15, 37.

St. Moran, 22.

St. Ninian, 19.

St. Patrick, 19.

St. Wendron, 22.

Sanctuary Fields, 148.

Saxons, 17.

Saxon Churches at Breage and Germoe, 35.

Saxon Land Tenure, 29, 30, 31.

Saxon Manor Courts, 33.

Scilly Islands, 106.

Screen in Breage Church, 89.

Sheep, Cornish, in 17th Century, 74.

Sheep, Phantom, 151.

Skerrit, Alice, 105.

Skerrit, John, 105.

Sidney, Thomas, 106.

Simon de Apulia, Bishop of Exeter, 39.

Smith, Robert, Curate of Germoe, 71.

Smith, Right Honourable W. H., 88.

Smuggling Ways, 139, 140.

Snow storms, Great, 97.

Spanish Armada, 10.

Sparnon, Family of, 69, 128.

Stafford, Bishop of Exeter, 50.

Stannary Courts, 39.

Stone Circles, 11.

Surnames, Local, 93, 94.

T.

Taliesin, 18.

Thanes, Saxon, 20.

Tenure of the Manor of Godolphin, 100, 101.

Tertullian, 17.

Teudor, Cornish Chief, 19, 23.

Thirteenth Century, Spirit of, 49.

Tillage in Cornwall in 17th Century, 74.

Tin Mines, 14, 42, 73.

Tinners, Their Love of Fighting, 81.

Tithes of Breage, 71, 150.

Tolmena, 23.

Totemism, 13, 14.

Tonsure, Irish, 20.

Tower of Breage Church, 25.

Tregew, Manor of, 28.

Tregoning Hill, 18, 23, 24, 86.

Tremearne Farm, Ancient Chapel at, 116.

Trescowe, Manor of, 28, 29.

Trewarvas Head, 12, 73.

Trewinnard, James, the elder, Vicar of Breage, 82.

Trewinnard, James, the younger, Vicar of Breage, 82.

Treworlas, Manor of, 115 to 117.

V.

Vane, Sir Harry, 107.

"Venton Ghost" Field, 149.

Villeins, 29.

W.

Waller, Cavalier Poet, 107.

Walter de Stapleton, Bishop of Exeter, 44.

Welsh at Reformation devoted to the Church, 62.

Welsh Bards, 18.

Wesley, John, 63, 72, 83 to 85.

Western Cornwall, Once Thickly Wooded, 74.

Wheal Vor Mine, 16, 73.

William de Mortain, Earl of Cornwall, 37.

William Fitz Robert, Earl of Cornwall, 37.

William, Earl of Gloucester, 38.

William, Son of Humphrey, Parson of Breage, 40, 43.

William, Son of Richard, Parson of Breage, 40, 43.

William the Conqueror, 28.

Wilmet, John, 152.

Wilmington, Hundred of, 33.

Wizard's Plot, 149.

Wrecking and Wreckers, 47, 48, 78 to 80, 87, 88, 118.

Wrestling, 75.

Y.

Yealmpton, 46.

Yorke, Mary, 65.

Yurl, Sir John, Vicar of Breage, 57.

Transcriber's notes:

The following is a list of changes made to the original. The first line is the original line, the second the corrected one.

human victims were sometimes sacraficed in honour of the sun. human victims were sometimes sacrificed in honour of the sun.

and that they came to regard them with something of superstitous and that they came to regard them with something of superstitious

Wheal Vor itself means in the Celtic tongue "great work,' Wheal Vor itself means in the Celtic tongue "great work,"

τόπου, ταῖς ἁμάξαις εἰς ταυτὴν κομίζουσι τὸν κασσίτερον δαψιλῆ. τόπου, ταῖς ἁμάξαις εἰς ταύτην κομίζουσι τὸν κασσίτερον δαψιλῆ.

ecclesiam de Eglosccraven et capellam Sancti Germot" ecclesiam de Egloscraven et capellam Sancti Germot"

through it may seem in the present age, satisfied the deep though it may seem in the present age, satisfied the deep

thee art'nt ded, I'll make thee," and smote him upon the thee artn't ded, I'll make thee," and smote him upon the

improvement and progess. If out of this dark and barbarous improvement and progress. If out of this dark and barbarous

the name. The great humanist namesake of Edmundus. the name. The great humanist namesake of Edmundus,

resulted in the route of the French opposed to them and the resulted in the rout of the French opposed to them and the

fragment from Evelyne's memoir of her: "She died in the fragment from Evelyn's memoir of her: "She died in the

no degree but had some obligation to her memorei. She no degree but had some obligation to her memorie. She

was at Yewton, in Devonshire, where they had been settled was at Yewton, in Devonshire, where they had been settled since

_John Carter, "King of Prussia"_; "_Smuggling_ _John Carter, "King of Prussia"_; _Smuggling_

collecting money for the 'company." Indeed, things collecting money for the 'company.'" Indeed, things

upholder of the law, The smuggler without trepidation proceeded upholder of the law. The smuggler without trepidation proceeded

summon the troubled spirit and banish it from the neigbourhood summon the troubled spirit and banish it from the neighbourhood

End of Project Gutenberg's The Story of an Ancient Parish, by H. R. Coulthard