Chapter 6

Protein 53 grams, Fat 100 grams, Carbohydrate 15 grams, Calories 1208.

Patient discharged with advice as to diet.

FOOD VALUES.

An estimate of the quantity or bulk of food may be of assistance or interest. There is so much variation in the size of tablespoons or what may be termed either rounding or heaping tablespoons that it must be remembered that we can only estimate. Patients who are instructed how to feed themselves on leaving the hospital are cautioned carefully to take about the quantity of an article of food they have been served while in the hospital when the diet is weighed. Any written advice is always given in quantities known to be _under_ the carbohydrate or protein tolerance of the patient. However, if they will boil the vegetables and change the water at least twice, so much carbohydrate is removed that it is quite possible for them to obtain a comfortable bulk and still take in very small quantities of carbohydrate.

100-Gram Portions.

Asparagus--8 or 9 stalks 4 inches long. Beans (string) (cut in small pieces) 3 heaping tablespoons. Bacon--4 slices 6 inches long, 2 inches wide.[7] Cabbage (cooked)--3 heaping tablespoons. Cauliflower--3 rounding tablespoons. Celery--6 pieces 4-1/2 inches long, medium thickness. Cheese--a piece 4 inches by 1-1/2 inch by 1 inch. Cucumbers--12 slices 1/8 inch thick, 1/2 inch in diameter. Greens (spinach, kale, etc.)--2 heaping tablespoons. Lettuce--10 to 12 medium-sized leaves. Onions--2 onions, size of an egg. Olives--25 small olives. Peas--3 rounding tablespoons. Potatoes (baked)--1 small potato, size of egg. Potatoes (mashed)--2 rounding tablespoons. Sardines--28 sardines--1 small box. Salmon--1/4 can (almost). Tomatoes--2-1/2 heaping tablespoons. Tomatoes--fresh, one medium sized tomato, 2 inches in diameter.

[7] Bacon loses about half of its fat content when cooked.

Other Weights.

1 tablespoon olive oil = 13 grams 1 tablespoon mayonnaise = 21 " 1 thin slice of bread (baker's loaf) = 25 " 1 medium sized orange = 150 " 1 peach = 125 " 1 medium sized apple = 150 " 1/2 small grape fruit = 150 " 1 medium sized lamb chop with bone = 100 " 1 medium sized slice cold tongue = 25 " 1 slice tenderloin steak 1 in. thick = 100 " 1 average helping of fish = 100 " 1 average helping of butter = 10 " 1 average sized egg = 50 " 1 average helping of cooked green vegetables such as spinach, cabbage, cauliflower, asparagus, etc. (2 tablespoons)[8] = 100 " 1 average helping boiled cereal = 100 " 1 potato, size of large egg = 100 "

[8] It is not true that all the vegetables weigh the same, but for the sake of simplicity in most of the diets it has been reckoned that two heaping tablespoons of any one of the "5%" vegetables weighs 100 gms.

The following food values are taken from Locke's Abstract of Atwater and Bryant's Bulletin No. 28, 1906, United States Department of Agriculture.

Fractions of per cents. have been left off in order to make the use of the table more simple, and the values given will be found quite accurate enough for clinical purposes.

Food Stuffs. Quantity. Protein. Fat. Carbohydrate. Total Raw. Grams. Grams. Grams. Calories.

MEAT.

Beef 100 gms. 22 28 350 Chicken " " 32 4 168 Bacon (raw) " " 10 64 636

FISH.

Fish (average) " " 20 7 147 Oysters " " 6 1 3 46

EGGS.

Eggs " " 13 12 165 Eggs 1 egg 7 6 84

DAIRY PRODUCTS.

Butter 100 gms. 1 85 795 Cheese (American) " " 28 35 2 448 Cheese (Neufchatel) " " 19 27 2 337 Milk (whole) " " 3 4 5 70 Milk (whole) 1 qt. 30 36 45 642 Milk (skim) 100 gms. 3 0.3 5 35 Milk (skim) 1 qt. 31 3 46 343 Cream (gravity) 100 gms. 3 16 5 181 Cream (gravity) 1 pt. 12 73 23 822

CEREAL PRODUCTS.

Oatmeal (cooked) 100 gms. 3 0.5 12 66 Rice (cooked) " " 3 0.1 24 112 Macaroni (cooked) " " 3 0.1 24 112 Bread " " 9 1 53 264 Soda crackers " " 10 9 73 424 Cake (average) " " 6 9 63 367

VEGETABLES.

Asparagus (canned) 100 gms. 2 1 3 30 Beans (dried) " " 22 2 59 350 Beans (string) fresh cooked " " 1 1.0 2 22 Beets (cooked) " " 2 0.1 7 37 Cabbage (raw) " " 2 0.3 6 35 Carrots (raw) " " 1 0.4 9 45 Cauliflower (raw) " " 2 0.5 5 33 Celery (raw) " " 1 0.1 3 17 Corn (green) " " 3 1 20 103 Cucumbers (raw) " " 0.8 0.2 3 17 Lettuce (raw) " " 1 0.3 3 19 Mushrooms (raw) " " 3 0.4 7 45 Onions (raw) " " 1 0.3 10 48 Peas (dried) " " 24 1 62 362 Peas (green, raw) " " 7 0.5 16 99 Potatoes (white) " " 2 0.1 18 83 Potatoes (sweet) " " 2 0.7 27 125 Spinach " " 2 0.3 3 23 Squash " " 1 0.5 9 46 Tomatoes " " 0.9 0.4 4 24 Turnips " " 1 0.2 8 39

The values for all the vegetables are calculated from the _raw_ vegetables.

FRUITS.

Apples (edible portion) 100 gms. 0.4 0.5 14 64 Bananas (edible portion) " " 1 0.6 22 100 Blackberries " " 1 1 11 59 Cherries " " 0.1 1 15 71 Cranberries 100 gms. 0.4 0.6 10 48 Currants " " 1 13 57 Figs (dried) " " 4 0.3 74 323 Grapes " " 1 1 14 71 Huckleberries " " 0.6 0.6 16 74 Lemon juice " " 10 41 Muskmelons (edible portions) " " 0.6 9 39 Oranges (edible portion) " " 0.8 0.2 11 50 Peaches (edible portion) " " 0.7 0.1 9 41 Pears (edible portion) " " 0.6 0.5 14 65 Prunes (dried) " " 2 73 308 Raisins (dried) " " 2 3 76 348 Pineapples " " 0.4 0.3 10 45 Plums (edible portion) " " 1 20 86 Raspberries " " 1 12 53 Strawberries " " 1 0.6 7 38 Watermelons " " 0.4 0.2 7 32

NUTS.

Almonds. 100 gms. 21 54 17 658 Chestnuts " " 6 5 42 243 Peanuts (edible portion) " " 25 38 24 554 Walnuts " " 18 64 13 722

MISCELLANEOUS.

Chocolate 100 gms. 13 48 30 623 Whiskey 50 c.c. 43% alcohol 152 Lager beer 250 c.c. 4.5% alcohol 130

ADDITIONAL DATA.

Protein. Fat. Carbohydrate. Calories.

Bacon (raw) 4 slices, 6 in. long 2 in. wide 10 64 636 Bacon (cooked) 4 slices, 6 in. long, 2 in. wide 10 32 338 to 46 to 468 Beef (roast), 1 slice, 4-1/2 x 1-1/2 x 1/8 in. 6 7 89 Egg, 1 medium size, 50 gms. 7 6 84 Oysters, 6 large 6 1 3 46 Butter, 1-1/4 in. cube (25 gms.) 21 195 Cheese (Neufchatel) 1 cheese 2-1/4 x 1-1/2 x 1-1/4 in. 16 23 1 284 Cream (gravity--"16%"), 1 glass, 7 oz. 5 32 10 359 Milk (whole), 1 glass, 7 oz. 6 8 9 136 Bread, 1 slice, 3 x 3-1/2 x 1/2 in. (30 gms.) 3 0.5 16 81 Uneeda Biscuit (1) 1 0.5 4 20 Rice (boiled), 1 tablespoon, (50 gms.) 1+ 12 56 Oatmeal (boiled), 1 tablespoon, (50 gms.) 1+ + 6 33 Potato (size of large egg), 100 gms. 2 + 18 83 "5%" vegetables (uncooked) 1 tablespoon 2.5 10 "5%" vegetables (boiled once) 1 tablespoon 1.7 7 "5%" vegetables (boiled thrice) 1 tablespoon 1 4 Grape fruit as purchased (1 small) 300 gms. 2 30 131 Orange as purchased (1 medium) 150 gms. 1 13 57 English walnuts (6 whole meats) 20 gms. 4 12 3 140 Almonds (10 small) 10 gms. 2 5 2 63 Peanuts (as purchased) 15 nuts 6 9 6 33

All of these values are approximate. The following vegetables may be considered as falling into the "5%" group: Lettuce, string beans, spinach, cabbage, Brussels sprouts, egg plant, cauliflower, tomatoes, asparagus, cucumbers, beet greens, chard, celery, Sauerkraut, ripe olives, kale, rhubarb, dandelions, endive, watercress, pumpkin, sorrel, and radishes. As these various vegetables contain from 3 to 7% carbohydrate, it will be seen that the value of 2-1/2 grams carbohydrate for 1 tablespoonful of these vegetables raw, and 1 gram for the same amount thrice boiled, is not accurate, but it is near enough for practical purposes.

Transcriber's Notes:

A has been changed to A throughout

Removed unnecessary opening parenthesis: On Feb. 5 he was still sugar-free (having been so