Part 9

At the opening of the story Cazarro, viceroy of Peru, has been deposed by the King of Spain, and Medigua has been appointed in his stead. Cazarro incites a revolution, and sends to Spain for El Capitan, a noted soldier, to come to his help. He sails on the same ship with Medigua, in the disguise of a seaman, but is killed in a quarrel on board. Medigua finds out who he was, and when he lands, discovering that his faction is in a hopeless minority, he proclaims himself El Capitan and joins the rebels. To further his scheme he induces his secretary, Pozzo, to represent the Viceroy. Among the other characters are Scaramba, a revolutionist in love with Estrelda, daughter of Cazarro; the Princess Marghanza, wife of Medigua; her daughter Isabel; and Count Verrada, who is in love with her. Estrelda falls in love with the pseudo El Capitan, which arouses Scaramba's jealousy. Pozzo is thrust into prison, much to the grief of the Princess and of Isabel, who believe him to be Medigua. After the arrival of the Spanish troops, however, Medigua declares himself. The rebellion is squelched, all are pardoned, and everything ends happily.

The principal numbers of the first act are a pretty drinking-song for the chorus; a solo for Medigua, "If you examine Human Kind," followed by a dialogue and leading up to an aria for Estrelda, "When we hear the Call for Battle," with chorus in march time; a second march, "In me you see El Capitan," which heralds Medigua's entrance; the chorus, "Lo, the Awful Man approaches"; and the solo and chorus, "Bah, bah," closing the act. The second act opens with a march song, "Ditty of the Drill," which is shortly followed by an effective scene in which a mournful accompaniment representing the grief of Marghanza and Isabel, and a festive accompaniment setting forth the exultation of Estrelda and her companions as they bind El Capitan with garlands of roses, are interwoven. As the Princess discovers Medigua in El Capitan, a quarrel duet follows between her and Estrelda, leading up to a pompous military finale, as the Spanish troops appear. The leading numbers of the third act are a serenade and duet for Verrada and Isabel; a song by the tipsy Medigua, "The Typical Tune of Zanzibar," which is the most popular number in the opera; and a final march with chorus.

STRAUSS, JOHANN.

The Merry War.

[Opéra comique, in three acts; text by Zell and Genée. First produced in Vienna, November 25, 1881.]

PERSONAGES.

Countess Violetta. Col. Umberto. Duke de Limburg. Balthasar Groats, dealer in tulip bulbs. Else, wife of Groats. Spiuzzi. Franchetti. Biffi.

[Soldiers, citizens, etc.]

The scene is laid in Genoa; time, the eighteenth century.

The "merry war" is not a very serious one, as may be inferred from its title. It is a quarrel between two petty states, Genoa and Massa Carrara, growing out of the fact that a popular dancer has made simultaneous engagements at the theatres of each. Both claim her, and the question at issue is at which theatre the dancer shall appear. One harmless hand grenade is thrown from either side with monotonous regularity each day, and the "merry war" is without interesting incident until the pretty Countess Violetta appears in one of the camps. She is seeking to make her way in disguise into the city of the other camp, to take command of the citadel. Umberto, the colonel commanding, is deceived by her, and allows her to pass through the lines. When informed of the deception he determines to take his revenge by marrying her. Understanding that she is to marry the Duke de Limburg by proxy, he impersonates the Duke and is married to Violetta without arousing her suspicions. He is assisted in his scheme by Balthasar Groats, a Dutch speculator in tulip bulbs, whom the soldiers have arrested, thinking him a spy, and who is naturally willing to do anything for the Colonel to get him out of his predicament. Complications arise, however, when Groats' wife appears and becomes jealous, also because of Violetta's antipathy towards her supposed husband and her affection for Umberto. All these matters are arranged satisfactorily, however, when there is an opportunity for explanation, and a treaty of peace is signed between the two states, when it is found that the cause of the "merry war" will not keep her engagement with either theatre.

The music of "The Merry War" is light and gay throughout. Like all the rest of the Strauss operas, it might be said that it is a collection of marches and waltzes, and a repetition of dance music which has done good service in ballrooms, strung upon the slight thread of a story. Its most taking numbers are Umberto's couplets, "Till now no Drop of Blood"; Balthasar's comical song, "General, ho!" and his tulip song, "From Holland to Florence in Peace we were going"; Violetta's arietta, "In vain I cannot fly"; the dainty duet for Violetta and Umberto, "Please do"; Else's romantic song, "I wandered on"; the ensemble and Dutch song by Artemisia, "The much Admired One"; Umberto's love song, "The Night begins to creep"; Violetta's song, "I am yet Commander for To-day," leading to a terzetto and spirited final chorus, "Of their Warlike Renown."

The Queen's Lace Handkerchief.

[Opéra comique, in three acts; text by Genée and Bohrmann-Riegen. First produced at Vienna, October 2, 1880.]

PERSONAGES.

The King. The Queen. Donna Irene, the Queen's confidante. Marquis of Villareal. Cervantes, poet. Count Villaboisy Roderiguez, Prime Minister. Don Sancho de Avellaneda, tutor to the King. Marquis de la Mancha Villareal, Minister of War. Duke of Feria, Minister of Finance. Count San Gregorio, Minister of the Interior. Count Ermos, Minister of the Navy. Don Diego de Barados, Minister of Police. Dancing-Master. Master of Ceremonies. Antonio, innkeeper.

[Students, doctors, ladies and gentlemen of the court, toreadors, brigands, etc.]

The scene is laid in Portugal; time, the year 1570.

The romance of the story of "The Queen's Lace Handkerchief" has helped to make this opera one of the most popular of Strauss' works. The action begins at a time when Portugal is ruled by a ministry whose premier is in league with Philip II. of Spain, and who, to keep possession of power, has fomented trouble between the young Queen and King, and encouraged the latter in all kinds of dissipations. At this time Cervantes, the poet, who has been banished from Spain, is a captain in the Royal Guards, and in love with Irene, a lady in waiting. These two are good friends of both the King and Queen, and are eager to depose the ministry. Cervantes is reader to the Queen, and the latter, having a sentimental attachment for him, writes upon her handkerchief, "A queen doth love thee, yet art thou no king," and placing it in a volume of "Don Quixote," hands it to him. The book is seized, and as "Don Quixote" is Minister of War and "Sancho Panza" Minister of Instruction, Cervantes is arrested for libel and treason. Irene and the King, however, save him by proving him insane, and the King and Queen ascend the throne. In desperation the premier hands the King the handkerchief with the inscription on it, which leads to the re-arrest of Cervantes and the banishment of the Queen to a convent. Cervantes escapes, however, and joins some brigands. They capture the Queen on her way to the convent, and in the disguise of the host and waiting-maid of an inn, they serve the King, who happens there on a hunting-trip. Everything is satisfactorily accounted for, and the inscription on the handkerchief is explained as a message which the Queen sent to the King by Cervantes.

The music is light and brilliant. Much of it is in the waltz movement, and the choral work is a strong feature. Its best numbers are the Queen's humorous romanza, "It was a wondrous Fair and Starry Night"; another humorous number, the King's truffle song, "Such Dish by Man not oft is seen"; the epicurean duet for the King and premier, "These Oysters are great"; Cervantes' recitative, "Once sat a Youth," in the finale of the first act: a dainty little romanza for Cervantes, "Where the Wild Rose sweetly doth blow"; the trio and chorus, "Great Professors, Learned Doctors"; the fine duet for the King and Cervantes, "Brighter Glance on him shall repose"; Sancho's vivacious couplet, "In the Night his Zither holding"; the Queen's showy song, "Seventeen Years had just passed o'er me"; and the two closing choruses, "Now the King all hail," in march time, and the Bull-fight, which is full of dash and spirit.

Queen Indigo.

[Opera comique, in three acts; text by Jaime and Wilder. First produced in Vienna, February 10, 1871.]

PERSONAGES.

Montadada I., widow of King Indigo. Fantasca, the late King's favorite. Janio, the late King's jester. Romadour, chief of the eunuchs. Babazouck, fruit and vegetable vender. Mysouf, general-in-chief.

[Inmates of the harem, eunuchs, cooks, courtiers, soldiers, sailors, etc.]

The scene is laid in Asiatic Turkey; time, the last century.

At the opening of the opera King Indigo has just died, and his widow, Montadada I., decides to sell the harem. Fantasca, a beautiful slave, who was the favorite of the King, is included among those to be sold, and Romadour, chief of the eunuchs, resolves to secure her. Fantasca is in love with Janio, the King's jester, of her own country. Queen Montadada is also in love with him and has chosen him for her second husband, but he prefers Fantasca. The two contrive a cunning plot for the escape of the entire harem. Janio informs the Queen that one of her tribes has revolted, and as her troops are all sick he proposes that the women be armed and that he be placed in command. She accepts the proposal, and promises that the victor "shall choose the woman he loves, did she even wear a crown," not doubting Janio will select her, but, much to her chagrin, he announces Fantasca as his choice.

The second act discloses the Amazon army with Janio and Fantasca at its head. The Queen also accompanies them, still bent upon securing Janio's love. At the first alarm the troops fly in all directions, and the Queen, suspicious that something is wrong, scours the woods for Janio, who makes his escape by changing clothes with Babazouck, a fruit-vender. The Queen meanwhile arrays herself in male attire, so that she may compete in physical attractions with Fantasca. She furthermore gets into a semi-drunken condition, but recognizes the cheat when Babazouck is brought before her. Immediately thereafter she falls into a drunken stupor. Romadour also comes in intoxicated, and mistaking her for Fantasca, sings to her, "O, my Queen, I love you," in a deep bass voice. The act closes with the two sleeping side by side, and the women of the harem carrying off the royal treasures.

In the last act Janio, Fantasca, and the other slaves are preparing for flight, when the Queen and Romadour enter. The former announces she no longer loves Janio, but the man who had declared, "Oh, my Queen, I love you." At her request Romadour repeats the remark, but this time in a high falsetto voice which she does not recognize. Subsequently he changes his mind, after hearing of Fantasca's prowess in battle, and exclaims, "O, my Queen, I love you," in the bass voice. The Queen promptly claims him for her husband and he acquiesces. She then orders Janio and Fantasca to be sold, but Romadour intercedes in their behalf, and she banishes them.

Like all the Strauss operas, "Queen Indigo" is full of charming waltz music, comprising, in addition to many novelties, several of his old-time favorites. The most effective vocal numbers are the trio, "What Dark Forebodings" ("Quel sombre et noir présage"); Fantasca's couplets, "A Model Soldier" ("Cavalier modèle"), and her song, "Woman is a Cunning Bird" ("La femme est un oiseau subtil"); the waltz song, "Oh! Maddening Flame" ("O flamme cuivrante"); the characteristic Tyrolienne, "Youpla! why, Fond Lover" ("Youplà, pourquoi, bel amoureux"); and the "Blue Danube" chorus of the sailors, in the last act.

The Bat.

(_Die Fledermaus._)

[Opéra comique, in three acts; text by Haffner and Genée. First produced in Vienna, July, 1874.]

PERSONAGES.

Eisenstein. Alfred, singing-master. Frosch, court usher. Frank, prison director. Dr. Blind, attorney. Dr. Falke, notary. Ivan, Prince Chamberlain. Ali Bey, an Egyptian. Murray, an American. Cancorney, a Marquis. Rosalind, wife of Eisenstein. Prince Orlofsky. Adele, Rosalind's maid. Lord Middleton.

[Dancers, masqueraders, etc.]

The scene is laid in Germany; time, the last century.

Strauss' "Die Fledermaus," or "The Bat," is founded upon Meilhac and Halévy's "Le Revillon." In music it is Viennese; in dramatic effect, it is French. The scene opens with Adele, maid of the Baroness Rosalind, seeking permission to visit her sister Ida, a ballet-dancer, who is to be at a masked ball given by Prince Orlofsky, a Russian millionaire. She receives permission, and after she has gone, Dr. Falke, a notary, who has arranged the ball, calls at the house of the Baron Eisenstein, and induces him to go to it before going to jail, to which he has been sentenced for contempt of court. The purpose of the doctor is to seek revenge for his shabby treatment by the Baron some time before at a masquerade which they had attended,--Eisenstein dressed as a butterfly, and Falke as a bat. The doctor then notifies the Baroness that her husband will be at the ball. She thereupon decides that she will also be present. An amusing scene occurs when the Baron seeks to pass himself off as a French marquis, and pays his devotions to the ladies, but is quite astonished to find his wife there, flirting with an old lover. There are further complications caused by Falke, who manages to have Alfred, the singing-master, in the Baroness' apartments when the sheriff comes to arrest the Baron, and arrests Alfred, supposing him to be Eisenstein. In the last act, however, all the complications are disentangled, and everything ends happily.

It would be impossible to name the conspicuous numbers in this animated and sprightly work without making a catalogue of them all. The opera is a grand potpourri of waltz and polka motives and fresh, bright melodies. The composer does not linger long with the dialogue, but goes from one waltz melody to another in a most bewildering manner, interspersing them with romanzas, drinking-songs, czardas, an almost endless variety of dance rhythms and choruses of a brilliant sort. It is a charming mixture of Viennese gayety and French drollery, and, like his "Roman Carnival" and "Queen Indigo," is the very essence of the dance.

STUART, LESLIE.

Florodora.

[Musical comedy, in two acts; text by Hall. First produced in London, November 11, 1899.]

PERSONAGES.

Cyrus W. Gilfain, proprietor of the island of Florodora. Capt. Arthur Donegal, Lady Holyrood's brother. Frank Abercoed, manager for Mr. Gilfain. Leandro, overseer. Anthony Tweedlepunch, phrenologist. Dolores. Valleda, maid to Lady Holyrood. Estelle Lamont, stenographer. Angela Gilfain. Lady Holyrood.

[Florodorean farmers, flower-girls, peasants, etc.]

The scene is laid in the island of Florodora and Wales; time, the present.

"Florodora," the title of a musical comedy which has had extraordinary success both in England and the United States, is the name of an island and a perfume. The island has been stolen by Cyrus Gilfain, the manufacturer of the perfume, from its rightful owner, whose daughter Dolores works in his factory. He is anxious to marry the girl, so that he may retain possession of the island, but she is in love with Abercoed, the chief clerk, who in reality is Lord Abercoed. The conspicuous comedy element of the work is supplied by Tweedlepunch, a detective, who arrives at the island in Gilfain's absence, disguised as a phrenologist and palmist, in search of the real owner's daughter. When Gilfain returns he is accompanied by Lady Holyrood, a London society woman, who is scheming to marry him. Lady Holyrood's brother, meanwhile, is in love with Angela, Gilfain's daughter. Gilfain, finding that Tweedlepunch is a phrenologist, bribes him to decide, after examination, that he and Dolores must wed, and that Abercoed, whom he has learned is a peer, must marry his daughter Angela. The scheme does not satisfy any one but Gilfain, and, least of all, Lady Holyrood, who bribes Tweedlepunch again to decide that she and Gilfain must marry. Abercoed refuses to marry Angela, is discharged by Gilfain, and goes back to England with the intention of returning later for Dolores.

The second act opens in the grounds of Abercoed Castle in Wales, which has been bought by Gilfain, who refuses to admit his former clerk. He manages to get in, however, in company with Tweedlepunch and Dolores, and Tweedlepunch, by a story of the ghost of an ancient Abercoed which has threatened dreadful things will happen to Gilfain, so terrifies him that he confesses his villainy, and all ends happily. Gilfain finally marries Lady Holyrood, Donegal and Angela and Abercoed and Dolores are also married, and the castle is restored to the rightful owner.

The music of "Florodora" is light and catchy, but though original of its kind, the work would hardly have achieved its remarkable vogue had it not been for its brilliant stage setting, dances, and the extravagant comedy rôle of Tweedlepunch. The best numbers in the first act are the sextette, "The Credit due to me," by the clerks and chorus; the song, "When I leave Town," by Lady Holyrood; and Abercoed's sentimental song, "In the Shade of the Sheltering Palm," the only serious and musicianly number in the work. The principal numbers of the second act are Lady Holyrood's topical song "Tact," and "I've an Inkling"; Angela's clever song, "The Fellow who might"; Donegal's song, "I want to be a Military Man"; the grotesque song and dance by Leandro and Valleda, "We get up at 8 A. M."; and the double sextette, "Tell me, Pretty Maiden," which is cleverly constructed and has a fascinating rhythm.

SULLIVAN, ARTHUR.

Cox and Box.

[Comic operetta, in one act and seven tableaux; text by Burnand. First produced at the Adelphi Theatre, London, 1867.]

PERSONAGES.

James John Cox, a journeyman hatter. John James Box, a journeyman printer. Sergt. Bouncer, late of the Hampshire Yeomanry.

The scene is laid in London; time, the present.

"Cox and Box" is of interest because it is the germ from which sprang the long list of Sullivan's charming comic operas. Burnand, the author of the libretto, has told the story of how they came to write this little operetta. They had been to a private performance of Offenbach's "Les deux Aveugles," and, Burnand wishing to present something of the same kind to a party of his own friends, the notion suddenly occurred to him of turning Morton's well-known farce of "Box and Cox" into an opera. Sullivan took to the plan enthusiastically. Burnand reversed the title to "Cox and Box," and turned Mrs. Bouncer into Sergeant Bouncer, so as to admit of a martial air. They had but three weeks before them, but at the end of that time the work was finished, Sullivan setting the music with almost incredible rapidity. It made such a great hit that it was decided to give it publicly, and at the last moment the composer wrote an overture for it.

The story is the familiar old one which as "Box and Cox" was for so many years and still is such a favorite on the stage. It turns upon the funny experiences of Cox, the hatter, and Box, the printer, who are occupying the same room, the one by night and the other by day, unbeknown to each other, and for which Sergeant Bouncer gets double rent. At last they meet in the room which each one claims as his own. After a ludicrous dispute they gradually become reconciled to each other, but another dispute ensues when Cox finds that the widow Penelope Ann, whom he is about to marry, has been deserted by Box, the latter pretending to have committed suicide to get rid of her. Cox insists upon restoring Box to the arms of his intended, but Box declines his generous offer. Then they agree to decide by lot which shall have her, but each tries to cheat the other. The situation resolves itself satisfactorily when a letter comes to Cox from Penelope Ann, announcing that she has decided to marry Knox. They give three cheers for Knox, and Bouncer closes the scene with a joyous rataplan in which all three join.

The situations are extremely humorous throughout, and the action moves briskly. Though Sullivan wrote the music in great haste, it is in perfect keeping with the fun of the farce and keeps up its interest to the end. The principal numbers are Bouncer's rataplan song, "Yes, in those Merry Days," and his duet with Cox, "Stay, Bouncer, stay"; Cox's joyous song, "My Master is punctual always in Business," with its dance at the end of each stanza; the characteristic serenade, "The Buttercup dwells in the Lowly Mead" (Cox) and "The Floweret shines on the Minaret Fair" (Box); Box's solemn description of his pretended suicide, "Listen! I solemnly walked to the Cliff"; and the finale by the jolly triumvirate with the "rataplan."

Trial by Jury.

[Operetta, in one act; text by Gilbert. First produced at the Royalty Theatre, London, March 25, 1875.]

PERSONAGES.

Learned Judge. Plaintiff. Defendant. Counsel for the Plaintiff. Usher. Foreman of the Jury. Associate. First Bridesmaid.

[Barristers, attorneys, journeymen, and bridesmaids.]

The scene is laid in a London Court of Justice; time, the nineteenth century.

The little operetta, "Trial by Jury," was the first result of the successful collaboration of Gilbert and Sullivan, though it gave little hint of the extraordinary excellence as well as popularity of the long list which followed it. "The words and music were written and all the rehearsals completed within three weeks, and all London went to see it," says Sullivan's biographer. It was produced March 25, 1875, and had quite a run, Frederick Sullivan, Sir Arthur's brother, appearing in the rôle of the judge and contributing much to its success.