The Spanish Armada, 1588 The Tapestry Hangings of the House of Lords Representing the Several Engagements Between the English and Spanish Fleets.

Part 1

Chapter 12,762 wordsPublic domain

Produced by deaurider, Barry Abrahamsen, and the Online Distributed Proofreading Team at http://www.pgdp.net (This file was produced from images generously made available by The Internet Archive)

THE

SPANISH ARMADA,

1588.

THE TAPESTRY HANGINGS OF THE HOUSE OF LORDS.

REPRESENTING THE SEVERAL ENGAGEMENTS BETWEEN THE

ENGLISH AND SPANISH FLEETS.

BY

JOHN PINE, ENGRAVER.

REPRODUCED IN HELIOTYPE FROM AN ORIGINAL COPY IN THE COLLECTION OF CHARLES HERVEY TOWNSHEND.

WITH

An Appendix containing Biographical Sketches of the Principal English Commanders Knighted by the Admiral at Sea, July 26, 1588.

BOSTON: PUBLISHED BY HOUGHTON, OSGOOD AND COMPANY. The Riverside Press, Cambridge. 1878.

Copyright, 1878, BY CHARLES HERVEY TOWNSHEND

RIVERSIDE, CAMBRIDGE STEREOTYPED AND PRINTED BY H. O. HOUGHTON AND COMPANY

THE

TAPESTRY HANGINGS OF THE HOUSE of LORDS:

Representing the several

ENGAGEMENTS BETWEEN THE ENGLISH and SPANISH FLEETS,

In the ever memorable Year MDLXXXVIII,

With the

PORTRAITS of the Lord High-Admiral, and the other Noble Commanders, taken from the Life.

To which are added,

From a Book entitled, Expeditionis Hispanorum in Angliam vera Descriptio, A.D. 1588, done, as is supposed, for the said Tapestry to be work’d after,

Ten CHARTS of the SEA-COASTS of ENGLAND,

And a GENERAL ONE of

England, Scotland, Ireland, France, Holland, &c.

Shewing the Places of Action between the two FLEETS;

ORNAMENTED with

MEDALS struck upon that OCCASION,

And other suitable DEVICES.

Also

An HISTORICAL ACCOUNT of each Day’s Action, Collected from the most Authentic Manuscripts and Writers.

By JOHN PINE, ENGRAVER.

LONDON, MDCCXXXIX.

Sold by J. Pine in Old Bond Street near Picadilly.

TO THE

K I N G.

_SIR_,

I Humbly beg Leave to present to Your Majesty, these Representations of the Hangings in the House of Lords, which contain the several Victories obtained against the King of _Spain_ in 1588.

That the same glorious Success may attend your Majesty, whenever your Fleets shall be engaged with any of your Majesty’s Enemies, is the hearty Prayer of

_Your MAJESTY’s_

_Most dutiful and most obedient_

_Subject and Servant_,

_JOHN PINE_.

S U B S C R I B E R S.

_His Royal Highness the PRINCE of_ WALES.

_His Royal Highness the DUKE._

_His most Serene Highness the PRINCE of_ ORANGE.

_HIS Grace the Duke of_ St. Alban’s. _His Grace the Duke of_ Ancaster. _His Grace the Duke of_ Argyll _and_ Greenwich. _His Grace the Duke of_ Athol. _The Right Honourable the Earl of_ Albemarle. _The Right Honourable the Earl of_ Aylesford. _The Right Honourable the Lord_ Abergavenny. _The Right Reverend the Lord Bishop of_ St. Asaph. _Sir_ Joseph Ayliffe, _Bart_. 2 _Setts_. _The Honourable_ Richard Arundell, _Esq_; Richard Arnold, _Esq_; Jacob Astley, _Esq_; _Mr._ Christopher Anderson.

_His Grace the Duke of_ Beaufort. _His Grace the Duke of_ Bedford. _His Grace the Duke of_ Bolton. _His Grace the Duke of_ Buccleugh. _The Right Honourable the Earl of_ Burlington, 2 _Setts_. _The Right Honourable the Lord_ Bruce. _The Right Honourable the Lord_ Bathurst. _The Right Reverend the Lord Bishop of_ Bangor, 2 _Setts_. _The Right Honourable the Lord_ Vere Beauclerk. _The Right Honourable the Lord_ Baltimore. _Sir_ George Beaumont, _Bart_. _Sir_ John Bland, _Bart_. _Sir_ Roger Burgogne, _Bart_. _Sir_ Thomas Brand, _Knt_. Thomas Bacon, _Esq_; Henry Barham, _Esq_; William Barners, _Esq_; Nicholas Bayley, _Esq_; Nathanael Blackerby, _Esq_; _The Honourable_ Martin Bladen, _Esq_; Thomas Bladen, _Esq_; Walter Blackett, _Esq_; Robert Bristow, _Esq_; Thomas Brian, _Esq_; Alexander Brodie, _Esq_; Josiah Burchett, _Esq_; _The Rev. Dr._ John Burton, _Master of_ Winchester School. Robert Burd, _Esq_; Samuel Burroughs, _Esq_; Robert Byng, _Esq_; _His Grace the Duke of_ Chandos. _The Right Honourable the Marquis of_ Caernarvon. _The Right Honourable the Earl of_ Cardigan. _The Right Honourable the Earl of_ Coventry. _The Right Honourable the Earl of_ Chesterfield. _The Right Honourable the Earl of_ Cholmondeley. _The Right Honourable the Earl of_ Clarendon _and_ Rochester. _The Right Honourable the Earl_ Cowper. _The Right Honourable the Lord_ Craven. _The Right Honourable the Lord_ Carteret. _Sir_ James Campbell, _Bart._ _Sir_ William Carew, _Bart._ _Sir_ John Hinde Cotton, _Bart._ _Sir_ William Courtenay, _Bart._ _Sir_ Francis Child, _Knt._ _Alderman of_ London. _Sir_ Clement Cottrell, _Knt._ Trinity College Library _in the University of_ Cambridge. Richard Chandler, _Esq_; James Chetham, _Esq_; _The Rev. Dr._ Alured Clarke. Matthew Clarke, _M. D._ John Codrington, _Esq_; John Conduit, _Esq_; Thomas Copleston, _Esq_; Thomas Corbett, _Esq_; _The Honourable_ Spencer Cowper, _Esq_; William Cowper, _Esq_; James Cockburn, _Esq_; John Crawley, _Esq_; _Mrs._ Crewe. John Crewe, _Jun. Esq_; Joseph Crewe, _Esq_; Thomas Crosse, _Esq_; Andrew Crosse, _Esq_; John Crosse, _Esq_; Philip Carter, _A. M._ _Mr._ Charles Cary. _His Grace the Duke of_ Devonshire. _His Grace the Duke of_ Dorset. _The Right Honourable the Earl of_ Darnley. _The Right Honourable the Lord_ De La Warr. _Sir_ James Dashwood, _Bart._ 2 _Setts_. _Sir_ Francis Henry Drake, _Bart._ _Sir_ Charles Dalton, _Knt._ _The Honourable General_ James Dormer. Robert Douglas, _Esq_; _Mr._ James Deacon, _Jun._ Andrew Ducarel, _Esq_; James Douglas, _Esq_; Thomas Duncombe, _Esq_;

_The Right Honourable the Earl of_ Exeter. _The Right Honourable the Countess of_ Exeter. _The Right Honourable the Earl of_ Effingham. _The Right Honourable the Earl of_ Egmont. _Sir_ Richard Ellys, _Bart._ _The Honourable_ Richard Edgcumbe, _Esq_; _The Honourable_ George Evens, _Esq_; _Mr._ Charles Egleton.

_The Right Honourable the Earl of_ Fitz-Walter. _The Right Honourable the Earl of_ Findlater. _The Right Honourable the Lord Viscount_ Falconbergh. _The Right Honourable the Lord_ Foley. _The Honourable Mr. Justice_ Fortescue. _Sir_ Robert Fagg, _Bart._ _Sir_ John Frederick, _Bart._ _Sir_ Andrew Fountaine, _Knt._ _The Honourable_ John Finch, _Esq_; _of_ Cavendish Square. _The Honourable_ Duncan Forbes, _Esq_; Nicholas Fenwick, _Esq_; Thomas Foley, _Jun. Esq_; Matthew Frampton, _M. D._ _of_ Oxford. Thomas Frederick, _Esq_; Richard Frewin, _M. D._ _of_ Oxford.

_His Grace the Duke of_ Grafton. _The Right Honourable the Lord_ North _and_ Guilford. _The Right Honourable the Lord_ Gower. _The Right Honourable the Lord_ Gallway. _The Right Honourable the Lord_ Grey. _The Right Honourable the Lady_ Eliz. Germain. 2 _Setts_. _Sir_ Robert Grosvenor, _Bart._ _The Honourable_ William Leveson Gower, _Esq_; Henry Gardie, _Esq_; Francis Gaussend, _Esq_; Edward Gibbon, _Esq_; Westby Gill, _Esq_; William Gore, _Esq_; Edward Le Grande, _Esq_; Charles Gray, _Esq_; _of_ Colchester. _Mr._ John Godfrey.

_His Grace the Duke of_ Hamilton _and_ Brandon. _The Right Honourable the Earl of_ Hallifax. _The Right Honourable the Lord_ Hardwick. Nicholas Hardinge, _Esq_; Edward Harley, _Esq_; Michael Harvey, _Esq_; Carleton Hayward, _Esq_; _Col._ Thomas Herbert. Francis Haywood, _Esq_; Thomas Hill, _Esq_; _The Reverend Dr._ Hodges, _Provost of_ Oriel _College_ Oxford. Henry Hoare, _Esq_; Richard Hoare, _Esq_; Thomas Strangways Horner, _Esq_; John Hylton, _Esq_; William Handley, _Esq_; _Mr._ Samuel Haynes. _Mr._ Gerrard Howard.

_The Right Honourable the Lord Viscount_ Irwin. _Sir_ William Irby, _Bart._ _Sir_ Justinian Isham, _Bart._ _The Honourable and Reverend Mr._ Ingram. _Captain_ Thomas James. _Colonel_ Charles Ingram.

_His Grace the Duke of_ Kent. _Sir_ John Lister Kaye, _Bart._ Edward Kinaston, _Esq_; Thomas King, _Esq_;

_His Grace the Duke of_ Leeds. _The Right Honourable the Earl of_ Litchfield. _The Right Honourable the Lord_ Lovell. _The Right Reverend the Lord Bishop of_ Landaff. _The Right Honourable the Lord Chief Justice_ Lee. _Sir_ Darcy Lever, _Knt._ _LL. D._ Lancelot Charles Lake, _Esq_; John Lethieullier, _Esq_; George Liddell, _Esq_; Thomas Lister, _Esq_; _Mr._ Charles Lowth.

_His Grace the Duke of_ Marlborough. _His Grace the Duke of_ Montague. _His Grace the Duke of_ Manchester. _The Right Honourable the Earl of_ Macclesfield. _The Right Honourable the Earl of_ Malton. _The Right Honourable the Lord_ Monson. _Sir_ John Morgan, _Bart._ _Sir_ William Morris, _Bart._ 2 _Setts_. J. R. Madan, _Esq_; Pierce Manaton, _M. D._ _of_ Oxford. Benjamin Martyn, _Esq_; Thomas Master, _Esq_; Thomas May, _Esq_; Richard Mead, _M. D._ Philip Mercier, _Esq_; 2 _Setts_. Richard Mitchell, _Esq_; John Michell, _Esq_; —— Maule, _Esq_; Thomas Morgan, _Esq_; Thomas Mostyn, _Esq_; _Mr._ Solomon Merrett.

_His Grace the Duke of_ Norfolk, 2 _Setts_. _His Grace the Duke of_ Newcastle. _The Right Honourable the Earl of_ Northampton. _Sir_ Michael Newton, _Bart._ _The Honourable_ James Noel, _Esq_; George Noyes, _Esq_;

_The Right Honourable the Earl of_ Orrery. _The Right Reverend the Lord Bishop of_ Ossory. _The Right Honourable_ Arthur Onslow, _Esq_; _Speaker of the H. of Commons_. _General_ James Oglethorpe. Nathanael Oldham, _Esq_; Leak Okeover, _Esq_; Samuel Ongley, _Esq_; William Osbaldeston, _Esq_; Jonathan Oldham, _Painter_. _Mr._ Edward Oakley.

_In the University of_ Oxford _the following Libraries_,

Christ-Church _College_. Trinity _College_. All-Souls _College_. Jesus _College_. Wadham _College_.

_His Grace the Duke of_ Portland. _The Right Honourable the Earl of_ Pembroke. _The Right Honourable_ Micajah Perry, _Esq_; _Lord Mayor of_ London. _The Honourable Mr. Justice_ Probyn. _Sir_ Erasmus Philipps, _Bart._ _The Honourable_ Henry Pelham, _Esq_; _The Honourable_ Stephen Poyntz, _Esq_; Charles Palmer, _Esq_; Humphry Parsons, _Esq_; _Alderman of_ London. Thomas Pitt, _Esq_; John Plumptree, _Esq_; David Polhill, _Esq_; Arthur Pollard, _Esq_; Thomas Potter, _Esq_; Richard Powys, _Esq_; Newdigate Poyntz, _Esq_; Thomas Prowse, _Esq_; _Mr._ John Perkins. _Mr._ William Pate, _Woollen-Draper_.

_His Grace the Duke of_ Queensberry.

_His Grace the Duke of_ Richmond, Lenox, _and_ Aubigny, 2 _Setts_. _His Grace the Duke of_ Rutland. _The Right Honourable the Earl of_ Rockingham. _The Right Honourable the Earl of_ Rochford. _The Right Honourable the Lord_ Romney. _The Right Honourable the Lord_ Raymond. _The Right Honourable the Lord Chief Baron_ Reynolds. Geard. Andrew Reiche, _Esq_; _2 Setts_. Richard Rawlinson, _LL. D. R. S. S._ Francis Reynolds, _Esq_; William Robinson, _Esq_; _Mr._ John Rocque.

_The Right Honourable the Earl of_ Suffolk. _The Right Honourable the Earl of_ Shaftsbury. _The Right Honourable the Earl of_ Scarborough. _The Right Honourable the Earl of_ Strafford. _The Right Honourable the Earl_ Stanhope. _The Right Reverend the Lord Bishop of_ Sarum. _The Right Honourable the Lord_ Charles Noel Somerset. _Sir_ Jer. Vanacker Sambrooke, _Bart._ _Sir_ William Sanderson, _Bart._ _Sir_ Brownlow Sherard, _Bart._ _Sir_ Hans Sloane, _Bart._ _Sir_ William Stapleton, _Bart._ _The Honourable_ Edward Southwell, _Esq_; _The Honourable_ John Spencer, _Esq_; Samuel Sandys, _Esq_; _The Reverend Mr. Archdeacon_ Sayer. Charles Savage, _Esq_; John Sawbridge, _Esq_; Thomas Scawen, _Esq_; Gervaise Scroope, _Esq_; John Selwyn, _Esq_; Thomas Sergison, _Esq_; Edward Seymour, _Esq_; Peter Shakerley, _Esq_; _The Honourable_ John Sherard, _Esq_; Powell Snell, _Esq_; _The Reverend Dr._ Shippen, _Principal of_ Brasen-Nose _College_, Oxford. Uriah Shudal, _Esq_; Richard Shuttleworth, _Esq_; Theodore Smith, _Esq_; Robert Smith, _Esq_; James Sotheby, _Esq_; Paulet St. John, _Esq_; _Mr._ Charles Scriven. _Mr._ Symonds, _Bookseller_. _The Right Honourable the Earl of_ Tankerville. _The Right Honourable the Earl of_ Thomond. _The Right Honourable the Lord Viscount_ Torrington. _The Right Honourable the Lord Viscount_ Tyrconnel. _The Right Honourable the Lord_ Talbot. _The Right Honourable and Reverend_ Richard Trevor, _D.D._ John Talbot, _Esq_; John Tempest, _Esq_; _The Honourable_ John Temple, _Esq_; _The Reverend Dr._ Thistlethwayte, _Warden of_ Wadham _College_, Oxon. Edward Thompson, _Esq_; Robert Trefusis, _Esq_; Cholmly Turner, _Esq_;

William Vaughan, _Esq_;

_The Right Honourable the Earl of_ Warwick _and_ Holland. _The Right Honourable the Earl of_ Warrington, 4 _Setts_. _The Right Honourable the Earl_ Waldegrave. _The Right Honourable the Earl of_ Wilmington. _The Right Honourable Sir_ Robert Walpole. _The Right Honourable the Lord Chief Justice_ Willes. _Sir_ Thomas Webster, _Bart._ _Sir_ Thomas Wheate, _Bart._ _Sir_ William Wyndham, _Bart._ _Sir_ George Wynne, _Bart._ _Sir_ Charles Wager, _Knt._ _Sir_ George Walter, _Knt._ Edward Walpole, _Esq_; James West, _Esq_; Francis Whitworth, _Esq_; Lawrence Williams, _Esq_; Charles Hanbury Williams, _Esq_; Watkins Williams Wynn, _Esq_; William Wilmer, _Esq_; _Mr._ John Williams. _Mr._ Timothy Wyld. _The Rev. Mr._ John Wyatt, _Master of_ Felsted _School, in_ Essex.

_The Right-Honourable Sir_ William Yonge, _Bart._

N A M E S O M I T T E D.

_The Right Honourable the Lord_ Petre. _The Right Honourable the Lord_ Sherard Manners. _The Honourable Sir_ John Eyles, _Bart._ _Postmaster General_. Papillion Ball, _Esq_; John Carew, _Esq_;

_Mr._ Thomas Hyam, _Merchant_. _Mr._ Andrews Jelfe. Charles Peers, _Esq_; William Roope, _Esq_;

AN

ACCOUNT

OF THE

SPANISH INVASION

In the YEAR MDLXXXVIII.

THE Defeat of the SPANISH ARMADA being the most glorious Victory that was ever obtained at Sea, and the most important to the _British_ Nation, every Method deserves some Praise, that may in a suitable Manner propagate the Memory of it. Our Ancestors, that were personally interested in it, were so careful it should not pass into Oblivion, that they procured the Engagements between the two Fleets to be represented in ten curious Pieces of Tapestry, with the Portraits of the several _English_ Captains, taken from the Life, worked in the Borders, which are now placed, some in the Royal Wardrobe, some in the House of Lords, the most august Assembly of the Kingdom, there to remain as a lasting Memorial of the Triumphs of _British_ Valour, guided by _British_ Counsels. But because Time, or Accident, or Moths may deface these valuable Shadows, we have endeavoured to preserve their Likeness in the preceding Prints, which, by being multiplied and dispersed in various Hands, may meet with that Security from the Closets of the Curious, which the Originals must scarce always hope for, even from the Sanctity of the Place they are kept in.

Thus far we have been able to go within our own Province; but as a more particular Detail of the Circumstances of this glorious Expedition, which lye blended in our Histories with other Matters, may not be altogether unacceptable, we shall beg Leave to offer the following brief Account of it, collected from the most authentic Writers and Manuscripts.

SECT. I.

THE Author and Undertaker of this ever memorable Expedition was _Philip_ II. King of _Spain_, eldest Son of the renowned Emperor _Charles_ V. In the Year 1554, he married _Mary_ I. Queen of _England_, with a View of uniting, by this Marriage, the _English_ Dominions to those large and noble Territories of which he was Heir-Apparent. But all his Projects were defeated by a False-Conception the Queen had in 1555; and especially by her Death, which happened on _Novemb._ 17, 1558.—In 1555, _October_ 25, he became King of _Spain_, and the Dominions and Territories thereunto belonging, upon the voluntary Resignation of his Father _Charles_ V.

As to King _Philip_’s real Views and Motives in this Expedition, they seem to have been these:

I. A firm Hope and certain Prospect as he imagin’d, of easily acquiring so considerable an Addition to his Dominions, as the flourishing Kingdoms of _England_ and _Ireland_. Kingdoms whose Advantages and Excellencies he was well acquainted withal; and from whence he could be continually supplied with Tin, Lead, Wool, and many other useful, necessary, and profitable Commodities.

II. He was also excited by another Motive, which is generally sufficient for Conquerors; and it was this: _England_ and _Ireland_ stood very convenient for him, as being near his Dominions in the Low-Countries; and might, by their advantageous Situation, and the many good Harbours they abound with, have rendered him Master of the Trade and Navigation of these Northern Parts of the World; and, what is more, they would have enabled him to carry it on throughout all _North_ and _South-America_, exclusively of all others; which is such an Advantage as cannot well be expressed.

III. Moreover these Islands had proved, and might always prove a grievous Thorn in his Side. For, by reason of their Situation, the _English_ could, at any Time, almost totally obstruct the Navigation of the _Netherlands_, and destroy all their Traffick by Sea. Because, as it must unavoidably be carried on almost within Sight of the _British_ Coasts, so long as the Inhabitants of those Islands remained independent of him[1], and were Masters at Sea, they could seize, with the utmost Ease, the Shipping sent from the Ports of _Flanders_ to the several Parts of the World. What lay therefore so convenient, and was in other Hands so dangerous a Neighbour, must be purchas’d at any Rate.

IV. Revenge may be assigned as another Motive of this Expedition. Queen _Elizabeth_ had assisted all along the States of the United Provinces, in their several Attempts to shake off the _Spanish_ Yoke. Now, that surely was a very great Provocation: And Forgiveness of Injuries, it is well known, was then, no more than at present, a _Spaniard_’s Virtue. To be revenged therefore of such a constant Enemy as _Elizabeth_ had been, may well be suppos’d to have been an additional Inducement to this Undertaking.

V. This other important Motive is assigned by _Hakluyt_[2]: “King _Philip_ deemed this to be the most ready and direct Course, to recover his hereditary Possession of the _Low-Countries_. For, having with little Advantage, for above twenty Years together, waged War against the _Netherlands_, after mature Deliberation, he thought it most convenient to assault them once more by Sea, which had been fruitlessly attempted several Times before for want of sufficient Forces. And he thought good to begin with _England_, being persuaded, that the Conquest of that Island was less difficult than the Conquest of _Holland_ and _Zealand_. Moreover, the _Spaniards_ were of Opinion, that it would be far more behoveful for their King to conquer _England_ and the _Low-Countries_ at once, than to be constrained continually to maintain a warlike Navy, to defend his _East_ and _West-India_ Fleets from the _English_.”

* * * * *

These (with a Desire of restoring the _Roman-Catholick_ Religion) seem to have been the real and true Motives of this great Expedition.

The Reasons alleged by _Philip_ were these[3]:

I. That _Elizabeth_ had, from the first assisted his rebellious Subjects in the _Netherlands_, with Men and Money, and spirited them up against him, her greatest Friend and Benefactor; whom she was indebted to for her Life, when her Sister Queen _Mary_ and _Gardiner_ were for removing her out of the Way.

II. _Drake_, and others of her Subjects, had committed several Depredations in _Spain_ and _America_.

III. She had been so unnatural as to stop his Money, when, for fear of Pirates, it had been landed in her Dominions; and had put an Embargo on the Vessels employed to carry it to the _Low-Countries_: (As is related by _Camden_, under the Year 1568.)

IV. She had acknowledged his Enemy Don _Antonio_ King of _Portugal_, and armed him against _Spain_.

V. That it was by her Instruction and Advice the Duke of _Alençon_ had been crowned King of _Brabant_.

VI. And, moreover, she herself had accepted the Sovereignty of the _Low-Countries_, and sent the Earl of _Leicester_ thither with considerable Forces; which was an open Declaration of War.

VII. That he undertook it, to revenge the Death of the innocent Queen of _Scots_.

VIII. And in Compliance with the Holy Father _Innocent_ VIII.’s earnest Injunctions, who ceased not to exhort and importune him, to abolish Heresy in _England_, and replant the _Roman-Catholick_ Religion there.

* * * * *

In short therefore, the Aim and Design of the King of _Spain_ in this great Expedition, was to conquer _England_, in order to come more easily at the revolted _Netherlands_, and facilitate their Reduction to his Obedience; as also, for the Sake of so meritorious an Action, as the bringing this Island back to the Catholick Religion: And to be revenged, at the same Time, for the Disgrace, Contempt, and Dishonour, he had, at several Times, received from the _English_ Nation; and for divers others real or pretended Injuries, which had made a deep Impression on his proud and revengeful Spirit.

Animated and spurred on by these Motives, King _Philip_ made such vast Preparations for his intended Conquest, as had hardily ever been known before in any Age, or Nation: Whether we consider the Time spent about them; or the prodigious Strength and Quantity of the Materials of all Kinds that were provided.

As for the Time spent about these Preparations; King _Philip_ seems to have form’d this Design as early as the Year 1583. [4]For, in that Year, he ordered _Alexander_ Duke of _Parma_, Governor of the _Low-Countries_, to procure an exact Account and Description of the Harbours, Castles, Rivers, and Roads belonging to _England_, and transmit them to him; which was accordingly done: And in this _Francis Throckmorton_ appears to have been concerned. But, according to _Rapin_, [5]this Project was formed by _Philip_ only from the Time _Mary_ Queen of _Scots_ had been persuaded to convey to him her Right to _England_, as being the only Means to restore the _Catholick_ Religion[6]: According to the received Maxim in the Church of _Rome_, That an Heretick is unworthy and incapable of enjoying a Crown; _Philip_ thought he might justly claim that of _England_, as being the next _Catholick_ Prince descended from the House of _Lancaster_; namely, from _Catharine_ Daughter of _John_ of _Ghent_ Duke of _Lancaster_, married in 1389 to _Henry_, then Prince, and afterwards King, of _Castile_. Upon this Descent therefore, and the Queen of _Scots_ Conveyance and Will, he had projected the Conquest of _England_.