CHAPTER II.

GENERAL ADOPTION OF THE THREE-MILE LIMIT.

Cannon-range and three-mile limit as its equivalent introduced into English Jurisprudence in 1800, 1801--Lord Stowell’s decisions regarding the _Twee Gebroeders_ and the _Anna_ in British High Court of Admiralty--Restricted to questions of neutrality--The practice of Great Britain and the United States leads to general adoption of three-mile limit--First applied to fisheries (of North America) by Great Britain--Treaty of 1818--Negotiations concerning Behring Sea--Russian claim of 100 miles--Adoption of gunshot or three miles--Judicial decisions as to extent of territorial sea--The Bristol Channel--Conception Bay--Statutes relative to territorial waters--Foreign Enlistment Act--Territorial Waters Jurisdiction Act--The _Franconia_ case--Three-mile limit restricted to the open coast for certain purposes only--Bays excluded--The Hovering Acts--Customs’ jurisdiction--Quarantine Acts--Opinions of publicists of earlier part of nineteenth century--Rayneval, Chitty, Schmalz, Klüber, Wheaton, Kent, Manning, Heffter, Reddie, Ortolan, Hautefeuille, Pistoye and Duverdy, Massé--Summary--Most accept cannon-range--Few accept the three-mile limit 576