Volume II., 202, 203, 216 (1817), tells of improvements in steamboat

navigation.

_Americans as they are; described in a Tour through the Valley of the Mississippi. London: Hurst, Chance & Co.,_ 1828. vi. + 218 pp.

Observations on Illinois are more suggestive than accurate.

ATWATER, CALEB. _Remarks made on a Tour to Prairie du Chien. Columbus, Ohio: Isaac N. Whiting_, 1831. 296 pp.

The tour was from Circleville, Ohio, to Prairie du Chien, in 1829, and thence to Washington. The writer’s remarks give valuable material for the history of the time.

—— _Writings. Columbus, Ohio: Caleb Atwater_, 1833. 408 pp.

The author was one of a commission to treat with the Indians at Prairie du Chien for the cession of the lead region. In 1829 he went from St. Louis to Prairie du Chien. He gives good descriptions of Quincy, Galena, and a few other places. The part of the Writings describing this journey was separately printed in 1831. The edition of 1833 is somewhat better than the previous one.

BALESTIER, JOSEPH N. _Annals of Chicago: a Lecture delivered before the Chicago Lyceum, Jan. 21, 1840. Republished from the original Edition of 1840, with an Introduction, written by the Author in 1876. Chicago: Fergus Printing Co._, 1876. In _Fergus historical Series_, I., No. 1. 48 pp.

Contains a copy of Capt. Heald’s letter of 1812, describing the massacre at Fort Dearborn.

BIGGS, WILLIAM. _Narrative of William Biggs, while he was a Prisoner with the Kickepoo Indians ... on the west Bank of the Wabash River ... Printed for the author, June, 1826._ 22 pp.

Biggs was captured on March 28, 1788, and remained a captive for several weeks. This very rare book gives valuable insight into the revolting customs of the Indians.

BIRKBECK, MORRIS. _Extracts from a supplementary Letter from the Illinois: an Address to British Emigrants, and a Reply to the Remarks of William Cobbett, Esq. 2d ed. London: James Ridgeway_, 1819. 36 pp.

Birkbeck had issued an address to British emigrants, advertising the virtues of his English settlement in Illinois. William Cobbett declared that Birkbeck’s account of the fertility and salubrity of Illinois was not true. Birkbeck issued a somewhat scathing reply, showing Cobbett’s ignorance.

—— _Letters from Illinois. Philadelphia: M. Carey & Son_, 1818. 12mo. vii. + 154 pp.

Twenty-two letters written from November, 1817, to March, 1818, by Morris Birkbeck, from the English settlement in Edwards county, Ill., of which settlement he was the founder. Very valuable for notes concerning transportation and the manner of life of the early settlers of Illinois.

—— _Notes on a Journey in America from the Coast of Virginia to the Territory of Illinois. Philadelphia: Richardson_, 1817.

Passed through several editions in England.

A graphic account of the journey of Birkbeck from 500 miles east of Cape Henry, Va. (April 26, 1817), to Shawneetown, Ill., where on August 2, 1817, he bought 1440 acres of land as a site for his English settlement. Very valuable for information concerning transportation and western conditions.

BLANEY, Capt. _An Excursion through the United States and __ Canada during the years 1822-23. By an English Gentleman. London: Baldwin, Cradock, and Joy_, 1824. 16mo. 511 pp.

Pages 156-92 tell of the author’s trip across Illinois. He visited Albion and then went to St. Louis overland. The descriptions of Birkbeck’s settlement, the difficulties of prairie travel, and of the frontier life encountered are much above the average of travelers’ reports.

BONNER, T. D. _Life and Adventures of James P. Beckwourth, Mountaineer, Scout, and Pioneer, and Chief of the Crow Nation of Indians. Written from his own Dictation. New York: Harper & Bros._, 1858. 16mo. 535 pp.

The book deals almost entirely with the region west of the Mississippi, but in 1820 Beckwourth visited Galena. He went from St. Louis with a party led by Col. R. M. Johnson, the object of the party being to gain a mining concession from the Sauk Indians.

BRANNAN, JOHN (_Editor_). _Official Letters of the military and naval Officers of the United States, during the War with Great Britain in the Years 1812, 13, 14, & 15. Washington: Way & Gideon, 1823._ 510 pp.

A valuable collection. Printed without comment. Pages 84-5 give Capt. Heald’s official report of the massacre at Fort Dearborn, August 15, 1812. The report is in a letter to Thos. H. Cushing, Adjutant General, written from Pittsburg, October 23, 1812.

BRODHEAD, Col. DANIEL. _A Letter from Brodhead to Gen. Washington referring to La Balme’s Expedition._

In _The olden Time_, II., 390-91.

BUTRICKE, GEORGE. _Affairs at Fort Chartres, 1768-1781. Albany: J. Munsell_, 1864. 10 pp.

Reprinted from _Historical Magazine_, VIII., No, 8. Valuable. Several letters written by Geo. Butricke, then stationed at Fort Chartres. Contains interesting notes on Indians, Spaniards, and British. Tells of epidemic.

_Calendar of Virginia State Papers and other Manuscripts. Richmond, Va._, 1875-1900. 9 vols.

The early volumes have documents of great value concerning the period when Illinois was a part of Virginia.

CARTWRIGHT, PETER, _Autobiography of Peter Cartwright, the __ backwoods Preacher. Ed. by W. P. Strickland. New York: Carlton & Porter_, 1857, 16mo. 525 pp.

The author was from 1803 to the time of writing his book (1856) one of the most famous circuit riders. His first work was in Kentucky. He came to Illinois in 1823. His views on slavery, which caused his removal, are interesting. A valuable work, especially for giving an insight into the social life of the time.

CHETLAIN, Gen. AUGUSTUS LOUIS. _Recollections of seventy Years. Galena: The Gazette Pub. Co._, 1899. 304 pp.

The author was one of the first settlers in Galena, and gives valuable information concerning that important region—1821 ff.

_Chicago Historical Society’s Collections. Chicago_, 1882-90:—

I. History of the English Settlement in Edwards County, Illinois, by George Flower, 1882. 408 pp.

II. Sketch of Enoch Long, by Harvey Reid, 1884. 112 pp.

III. The Edwards Papers, edited by E. B. Washburne, 1884. 632 pp.

IV. Early Chicago and Illinois, 1889. 400 pp. Of great value.

CHILDS, Col. EBENEZER. _Recollections of Wisconsin since 1820. In Wis. Hist. Coll._, IV., 1859, 153-95.

The writer describes Chicago as it was in 1821, at which time he visited it.

_Christian Spectator_, V., 1823, 20-26. _Remarks on the States of Illinois and Missouri_, by Edward Hollister.

The author had recently completed a missionary tour in these states, and his remarks give an insight into the social conditions of the time.

COBBETT, WILLIAM. _A Years Residence, in the United States of America, 3d ed. London: William Cobbett_, 1828. 370 pp.

Cobbett was in the United States in 1817-18. He declared that Birkbeck and Fearon had deceived the people of England by portraying America as better than it was. His book is unfair.

COFFIN, LEVI. _Reminiscences of Levi Coffin, the reputed President of the Underground Railroad.... Cincinnati: Western Tract Society_ [c. 1876]. _2d ed. with appendix. Cincinnati: Robert Clarke & Co._, 1880. 732 pp.

Pages 89-99 describe the author’s visit to a Quaker settlement in Sangamon county, Ill., in 1823. Lost on the prairies.

COLLOT, VICTOR. _A Journey in North America, containing a Survey of the Countries watered by the Mississippi, Ohio, Missouri, and other affluing Rivers ... Illustrated by 36 Maps, Plans, Views, and divers Cuts. Paris: Arthus Bertrand_, 1826. 2 vols. and atlas in one. iv. + 310; v. + 272 pp.

The author traveled through Illinois in 1796. His observations were acute and are more helpful than would be expected from a soldier of fortune. The New Orleans _Picayune_ of March 18, 1901, has a valuable article on the journey of Collot and its purpose. See his _Map of the Country of the Illinois_, in pocket.

_Columbian Centinel. Boston, June-December_, 1790; 1791-1801; 1802-1829.

The issue for June 16, 1790, has a note on the current experiments with steamboats. In Library of Wisconsin State Historical Society.

CROGHAN, GEORGE. _Journal_, 1765. In Thwaites, _Early western Travels, I., 126-73. Cleveland, Ohio: Arthur H. Clark Company_, 1904.

The Journal is of a trip to the West, and characterizes the early French settlers.

CUMING, FORTESCUE. _Sketches of a Tour to the western Country,... commenced at Philadelphia in the Winter of 1807 and concluded in 1809. Pittsburg: Cramer, Spear & Eichbaum_, 1810. 12mo. 504 pp.

Describes Shawneetown and gives some information in regard to routes. Very slight, however, in respect to Illinois. Criticism: _The Inter Ocean, August 3, 1904._

CUTLER, JULIA PERKINS. _Life and Times of Ephraim Cutler. Prepared from his Journals and Correspondence. Cincinnati: Robert Clarke & Co._, 1890. 353 pp.

Cutler early settled in Ohio. This work gives good examples of the difficulties of travel, between 1795 and 1809, on some of the Alleghany routes frequented by emigrants to Illinois. The driving of western cattle to market is also described.

CUTLER, WILLIAM PARKER, and CUTLER, JULIA PERKINS. _Life, Journals and Correspondence of Rev. Manasseh Cutler_, LL. D. Cincinnati: Robert Clarke & Co., 1888. 2 vols. 9 + 524; 495 PP.

Considerable information concerning early eastern opposition to western settlement is given. Dr. Cutler kept a diary from 1765 to 1823, of which nine years are missing.

DE PEYSTER, J. WATTS, LL. D. _Miscellanies, by an Officer_ [Colonel Arent Schuyler de Peyster, B. A.], 1774-1813. _New York: A. E. Chasmar & Co._, 1888. 80 pp., and an appendix of cci. pp.

Pages xxvi.-xxvii. contain a letter from Arent De Peyster to Capt. McKee describing an Illinois expedition against St. Josephs in 1780 or 1781. Letter dated Detroit, Feb. 1, 1781.

_Draper Collection of Manuscripts._

This collection, made by Lyman C. Draper, is the property of the State Historical Society of Wisconsin. It has been of more value to the writer than any other single source, being especially helpful for the hitherto obscure period immediately succeeding the expedition of George Rogers Clark, 1779-1790. Most important of all are the Harmar Papers, although the Illinois MSS., the Clark MSS., and Draper’s Notes were much used. The Hinde MSS. have little historical value, consisting as they do, largely of religious musings of the writer’s old age.

DUDEN, GOTTFRIED. _Bericht über eine Reise nach den westlichen Staaten Nordamerika’s and einen mehrjährigen Aufenthalt am Missouri (in den Jahren 1824-1827) in Bezug auf Auswanderung und Uebervölkerung. 1st ed. of 1500 copies. 2d ed. Bonn, In Commission bei Eduard Weber_, 1834. lviii. + 404 pp.

Contains a prediction of Illinois future greatness. Gives valuable information concerning the cost and manner of transportation, and concerning social life. Comparison of American and European conditions.

DUNN, JACOB PIATT, _Compiler. Slavery Petitions and Papers. In Indiana Hist. Soc. Pub., II., 443-529. Indianapolis: The Bowen-Merrill Company_, 1894.

“The following papers are the petitions to Congress from Northwest and Indiana Territories for the suspension of the sixth article of compact of the Ordinance of 1787, and the admission of slavery to the Territory, together with the counter-petitions, the reports on them, and the accompanying documents,”—Compiler’s introduction.

_Edwardsville Spectator. Edwardsville, Ill.: Hooper Warren, pub., Apr. 18, 1820-Feb. 8, 1825, and 1820-22._

Material has been gleaned from the issues of Nov. 7, 1820; August 31, 1822; Nov. 30, 1822; Nov. 29, 1823; Jan. 27, 1824; and Oct 5, 1824. In Library of Chicago Historical Society.

ERNST, FERDINAND. _Travels in Illinois in 1819. Translation from the German Original._ In _Pub. No. 8 of the Ill. Hist. Lib._ pp. 150-65. _Springfield, Ill.: Phillips Bros._, 1904.

Ernst was the leader of a party of German immigrants who settled at Vandalia soon after his journey to Illinois. He gives a vivid picture of the rapidly settling Illinois with its squatters and its fertile and inviting land. He visited the Sangamo country and the Kickapoo United States treaty conference.

FAUX, W. _Memorable Days in America: being a Journal of a Tour to the United States, principally undertaken to ascertain, by positive Evidence, the Condition and probable Prospects of British Emigrants; including Accounts of Mr. Birkbeck’s Settlement in the Illinois ... London: W. Simpkin & R. Marshall_, 1823. 488 pp.

Sufficiently pessimistic to require cautious use. The journey was performed in 1819-20.

FAY, H. A. _Collection of the official Accounts, in Detail, of all the Battles fought by Sea and Land, between the Navy and Army of the United States, and the Navy and Army of Great Britain, during the Years_ 1812, 13, 14, & 15. _New York: E. Conrad_, 1817. 295 pp.

Contains Capt. Heald’s official report of the massacre at Fort Dearborn, August 15, 1812, and Col. Russell’s official report of Gov. Edwards’ attack on the Indians near Peoria in 1812.

FEARON, HENRY BRADSHAW. _Sketches of America. A Narrative of a Journey of five thousand Miles through the eastern and western States of America ... With Remarks on Mr. Birkbeck’s __“__Notes__”__ and __“__Letters.__”__ 3d ed. London: Strahan and Spottiswoode_, 1819. xv. + 454 pp.

The work gives a glimpse of Illinois through a foreigner’s eye. Fearon paints in sober colors, but his values are fairly true. Of considerable value as a work on society in the U. S. in 1817-18.

FLINT, JAMES. _Letters from America, containing Observations on the Climate and Agriculture of the western States, the Manners of the People, and the Prospects of Emigrants, &c., &c. Edinburgh: W. & C. Tait, 1822._ 16mo. 330 pp.

The author probably did not reach Illinois, but his letters from Ohio, Indiana and Kentucky give interesting bits of information in regard to the manner and cost of travel—1818 to 1820.

FLOWER, GEORGE. _History of the English Settlement in Edwards County, Illinois, founded in 1817 and 1818, by Morris Birkbeck and George Flower. Chicago: Fergus Printing Co., 1882._ 16mo. 401 pp.

The work is volume I. of the Chicago Historical Society’s Collections. The best book on this important episode in immigration to Illinois.

FLOWER, RICHARD. _Letters from Lexington and the Illinois, containing a brief Account of the English Settlement in the latter Territory, and a Refutation of the Misrepresentations of Mr. Cobbett. London: J. Rigdway, 1819._ iv. + 32 pp.

Two letters—one from Lexington and the other from New Albion, Ill. Highly colored.

FORSYTH, Maj. THOMAS, _Indian Agent_. _Journal of a Voyage from St. Louis to the Falls of St. Anthony, in 1819._ In _Wis. Hist. Coll._, VI., 188-215. _Madison, Wis.: Atwood & Culver, State Printers, 1872._

Incidentally the writer gives an account of the atrocities committed in 1812 by Capt. Thomas E. Craig upon the inhabitants of Peoria. Forsyth was an eye-witness of the barbarities described.

_Galena Advertiser. Galena, Ill. Pub. by H. Newhall, Philleo and Co., July 20, 1829-May 24, 1830, and July 20, 1829-May 10, 1830._

July 20, July 27, August 10, Sept. 14, Sept. 21, 1829, have been used. In Library of Chicago Historical Society.

_Galena (Ill.) Weekly Gazette._

The issue for May 2, 1879, contains reminiscences of Mrs. Adile B. Gratiot, whose husband settled in Galena, Ill., in 1825. This account furnishes a valuable bit of reliable history. It describes Galena, northern Illinois, a Fourth of July celebration (1826), the coming of Lord Selkirk’s colonists, and the trouble with the Sauk Indians (1827).

GILLESPIE, Hon. JOSEPH. _Recollections of early Illinois and her noted Men. Fergus hist. Series_, No. 13. 51 pp. _Chicago: Fergus Printing Co., 1880._

Valuable because of the author’s direct knowledge of persons and events.

GOODRICH, SAMUEL GRISWOLD. _Recollections of a Life Time; or, Men and Things I have seen: in a Series of Letters to a Friend, historical, biographical, anecdotal, and descriptive. New York: Miller, Orton & Co., 1857._ 2 vols. 542, 563 pp.