i. 318

St. Juan de Ulloa, Sir John Hawkins’s action at, i. 299, 301 “St. Lawrence,” i. 20 St. Lucia, i. 187 St. Paul’s travels; his shipwreck at Malta, i. 103, 104 “St. Valentine,” treasure‐ship, taken by Monson, ii. 21 St. Vincent, Battle of, i. 7, 8, 9 St. Vincent, Lord: suppression of the mutiny on the _St. George_, i. 256; portrait, 257 Salmon, the, its natural history, iv. 163–168; parr, smolt, grilse, _ib._; abundance of its ova, 164; tinned salmon from America, 166 Salmon: fisheries of California, Vancouver’s Island, British Columbia, Alaska, i. 164, 168, 170, 171, 202; mode of curing, iv. 167; salmon leaps, _ib._ Saltness of the sea, i. 87, 97; iv. 90 Salt Lake, Great; Salt Lake City, iv. 23; Cape Douglas garrison, 24, 25; street in the city, 25 Salvador, i. 8 “Salvador del Mundi,” i. 9 “Samaritano,” wrecked on the Goodwin Sands; Margate and Ramsgate lifeboats, ii. 217–223 Samphire, iv. 231, 233 Sandgate: loss of the “Grosser Kurfürst,” iv. 238 Sandwich: seal of the town, i. 274 Sandwich in the mutiny of the Nore, i. 252 Sandwich Islands: Honolulu; the king, iv. 45; the ex‐queen Emma, 46; sugar cultivation, _ib._; volcanoes, 47 Sandy Hook Light, New York, i. 196 San Francisco: the bay; its entrance, the “Golden Gate,” i. 157; the city, 158; its history, _ib._; society, 161; view of the bay, 160; a timber wharf, 156; “John Chinaman” in San Francisco, 161; Chinese theatres, _ib._; earthquakes, 162; iv. 29, 30; Drake at, i. 313 San Joseph, i. 8 San Juan Island, i. 166; British camp, i. 165 “San Nicolas,” i. 8 San Salvador, the first land in the New World discovered by Columbus, iii. 288 Santangel, his support of the plans of Columbus, iii. 286 Santiago, i. 172 “Santissima Trinidada,” i. 8, 10 Saracens, their ships, i. 269 Sardines: mode of fishing for, iv. 174 “Savannah,” the Atlantic first crossed by her, ii. 105 Saving life at sea. (_See_ Hovellers, Life, and Lifeboats.) Saw‐fish, iv. 162 Sawkins, Captain, the pirate, iii. 51–55 Scaliger, J. C.: history of paddle‐boats, ii. 78 Scallops, iv. 138, 140 Scammon, Captain, soundings in Behring Sea, i. 138 Scandinavian early explorers of the Arctic regions, iii. 116 Scarborough: iv. 253; shipwrecks, loss of the “Coupland,” 254 “Schiller,” loss of the, ii. 267 School on board the “Fox” in the Arctic regions, iii. 219 Scilly Islands, ii. 268–270 Scoresby: changes in the Greenland ice‐fields, iii. 163, 178 Scotland, pearl fisheries of, iv. 71 Scott, Mr.: buried at sea in the “Fox” Arctic expedition, iii. 221 Screw‐propeller, history of its invention, ii. 102 Screw steamer, plan and section of stern, ii. 101 Scurvy: on board in Anson’s fleet, ii. 50, 119; in the expedition of the _Alert_ and _Discovery_, iii. 106, 107, 111, 114; in Munk’s Arctic voyage, 150; in Vitus Behring, Ischirikoff, and Parry’s voyages, 161, 162, 176; in Dr. Kane’s expedition, 239 Sea, the: its living wonders, iv. 111; its saltness, agitation, and waves, iv. 90; the Gulf Stream, 91; tides, 92; its colour and phosphorescence, 96, 97 Sea‐anemones, iv. 123, 196–198 Sea coasts: “Sketches of our Coasts,” Cornwall, iv. 207–225; South coasts, 225–247; East coasts, Norfolk, Yorkshire, 247 Sea of Ancient Ice, voyage of the _Alert_, iii. 101 Sea‐cucumber, iv. 126, 128 Sea‐elephants, i. 34; iii. 279 Sea‐shore: “By the Sea‐shore,” iv. 190–207; calm and storm, 192 “Sea‐goers” in guard‐ships, i. 45 Sea‐horse, iii. 155, 156; iv. 162 Sea‐lion, iv. 188 Seamen. (_See_ Sailors.) Sea‐monsters, fabulous, i. 31 Sea‐polyps from the Atlantic: voyage of the _Challenger_, i. 31 Sea‐serpent: various accounts of it, drawings, conjectures, and probabilities, iv. 184–190 Sea‐sickness, i. 50 Sea‐sickness and remedies, iv. 6, 7 Sea songs and poems, by Dibdin and others, i. 8, 42; iv. 298–304 Sea‐trees, Falkland Islands, i. 178 Sea‐urchins, sea‐slugs, iv. 125 Sea‐weeds, iv. 200 Seal of the town of Sandwich, i. 274 Seals: on inaccessible island, i. 40; their flesh as food, iii. 94, 217–219, 251 Sebastopol, siege and bombardment of, i. 14, 15 Selkirk, Alexander, on the island of Juan Fernandez, i. 33 Selkirk, Lady: plate taken from her by Paul Jones, iii. 73, 74; returned five years afterwards, 75 “Serapis” taken by Paul Jones, iii. 77 Seton, Major: loss of the “Birkenhead,” i. 71 _ Severn_: Commodore Anson’s ship, ii. 46, 50 “Shah” and “Huascar:” action between them, i. 26 Shakespeare’s allusions to the sea, iv. 291–295; “The Tempest,” 292; “Merchant of Venice,” 294; “Measure for Measure,” Henry VI. part ii., “Richard III.,” “Pericles,” “Cymbeline,” “Antony and Cleopatra,” “Hamlet,” 295 Shakespeare’s Cliff, iv. 240 Shanghai, i. 122, 125 Sharks and Shark Fishing, iv. 160; common shark; tiger shark, 161; the shark worshipped in Africa, 162 Sharp, Captain, the pirate, iii. 55 Shells, Univalve, iv. 139 “Shenandoah:” her exploits in the American war, i. 139; American whale ships burnt, iii. 157 Sheshaldinski, Peak of, Aleutian Islands, i. 171 Ships and shipping interests, History of, i. 258–ii. 156 Ship‐building, History of. (_See_ Naval Architecture.) Ship‐money raised by Charles I., ii. 28 Shipwrecks and their lessons, ii. 297 Shipwrecks; Falconer’s poem, iv. 297 Shipwrecked Mariners’ Society, iv. 226, 249, 258, 272 Shrimps, iv. 158 Sieges of Gibraltar, i. 90 Sierra Leone, i. 202, 204; Drake at, 314 Sierra Nevada, iv. 20, 27, 28; snow‐shed, 29 Siffante, south‐west wind, i. 107 Signals of distress, ii. 266, 275; iv. 289; necessity for electric communication, ii. 277 Sigurd, King, the crusader, at Gibraltar, i. 90 Silver Mines in Nevada, iv. 26 Simon’s Town, Cape of Good Hope, i. 206 Singapore, i. 143; spices, foliage, fruit, climate, 145, 146; scenery and commerce, 147; new harbour, 146, 147; corals, 150; Kling gharry drivers, 150; tiger hunting, _ib._; views, 152, 153 Singhapura, Strait pirates, i. 146 Sinope, Battle of, i. 15 Siren signals, iv. 289 “Sirius,” ii. 106 Sirocco, i. 107 Sitka, the capital of Alaska, i. 169, 170 Skeletons of Franklin’s crews found by McClintock, iii. 230 Skerryvore Lighthouse, ii. 175–178 Slave‐trade: established, i. 295; slaves taken by Sir John Hawkins, _ib._; the African Company, ii. 33; views of Columbus on slavery, iii. 295, 302; slaves from America taken to Spain by Columbus and others, 295, 302, 307 Sledges in Arctic exploration, iii. 99–114, 133; sledge journeys by McClintock, iii. 225; by Morton, in Dr. Kane’s Arctic expedition, 239; by Dr. Kane’s, 248; by Capt. Parry’s, 179; by Lieut. Payer’s, 272 Sleep in the Arctic regions, iii. 251 Sleepy comfort of freezing: Dr. Kane’s experience, iii. 237 Slip water bottles, for deep‐sea sounding, i. 29, 38 Smeaton, John: biographical notice, ii. 164; third Eddystone lighthouse, 165; portrait, 170; diving bell, iv. 81 Smiles, Samuel: Smeaton and the Eddystone Lighthouse, ii. 164, 170; Plymouth Breakwater, 191 Smith, Sir Sidney, i. 6 Smith, William, Discovery of South Polar Land, iii. 278 Smith’s Sound, view in, iii. 149; discovered by Baffin, 150; explored by Dr. Kane, 233 “Smoke‐stack, Patent,” on the “G. S. Wright,” i. 141 Smuggling, iv. 210, 234 Smyth, Rear‐Admiral: “The Mediterranean,” i. 87 Snow and ice: on American railways, iv. 21, 28; at Plover Bay, i. 139; crimson snow, iii. 164. (_And see_ Ice.) Snow‐blindness, iii. 179, 182, 239 Snow houses, iii. 244 Snow village in Greenland, iii. 173, 174 “Sofia,” Swedish Arctic expedition, iii. 257 Soldier crab, iv. 154 Soldiers at sea; burning of the “Kent,” i. 69, 70, 72; loss of the “Birkenhead,” 74, 75; wreck of the “Medusa,” 77, 78, 79, 80 Solen or razor‐fish, iv. 128, 129 Songs, Naval, i. 42, 43 “Souffleur, The,” or the Blower. Mauritius, iv. 95 Southampton, iv. 225 South‐east American Station, i. 175 South Sea Bubble, ii. 42–44 South Virginia Company: colonisation of America, ii. 11 Southey’s “Life of Nelson,” i. 8, 10; “British Admirals,” 274, 275, 278; defeat of the Armada, 290; Sir John Hawkins and the slave‐trade, 298; Drake’s circumnavigation of the globe, 314; anecdotes of Drake, 315; exploits of Sir William Monson, ii. 19; sea anemones, iv. 197 _ Sovereign of the Seas_, launched by Phineas Pett, i. 232 Spalding’s diving‐bell, its failure, and his death, iv. 81 Spanish Armada defeated, i. 283–291 Spanish galleons taken during the Commonwealth, ii. 31; taken by Alison, 59–61; iii. 3 Spanish expedition to El Dorado, ii. 9 _ Speedy_, commanded by Admiral Cochrane, i. 219; action with the Spanish frigate “Gamo,” _ib._ Spiders in ships, i. 221 Spinola: action at Cerimbra Roads, ii. 19, 21 Spinous cockle, iv. 204 Spithead, mutiny at, i. 251 Spitzbergen: discovery of, iii. 142; Magdalena Bay, 166, 167; animal life in, 167, 257 Spolasco, Dr.: wreck of the “Killarney,” ii. 305 Spondylus, iv. 138, 140 Sponges: “Venus’s Flower‐basket,” i. 30, 32; sponge fishing off the coast of Greece, iv. 65, 77 Sprat, iv. 173 Spray of the ocean, iv. 92 Spry, W. J. J., R.N.: cruise of the _Challenger_, i. 28 Squat lobsters, iv. 158 “Squirrel,” Sir Humphrey Gilbert’s ship, i. 318 Stables, Dr., R.N., on the punishment of the “cat,” i. 52, 53; “Medical Life in the Navy,” i. 220 Staines, Sir Thomas: his discovery of the survivors of the _Bounty_,