ii. 155

Ramsay, David, patents for steam‐ships, ii. 79 Ramsgate: iv. 241; wrecks on the Goodwin Sands, ii. 212–235; map of Ramsgate and the Goodwin Sands at low water, 252 Ramsgate Life‐boat and the “Aid” steam‐tug, ii. 215 “Ranger,” Paul Jones’s ship, iii. 72, 75 Rats on board ship, i. 222; on the sea‐coast, iv. 197; on Looe Island, 214 Raw meat: its medicinal value in Arctic regions, iii. 244 Rawson, Lieut., in Arctic exploration, iii. 102, 105, 106, 107 Razor‐fish, iv. 128, 129 Red‐hot shot, first record of, i. 91; at Sebastopol, 16; at Gibraltar, 16, 18 Red Sea, i. 115; passage of the Israelites, _ib._; its name; coral and animalculæ, 117; islands, _ib._ _ Redoubtable_, at Trafalgar, i. 10, 11, 12 Reed, Sir E. J.: cost of ironclad war‐ships, i. 14; designer of the _Iron Duke_ and _Vanguard_, 67; big guns and armour plates, 6; “Our Ironclad Ships,” ii. 144, 146 Reindeer in Spitzbergen, iii. 167; at Hammerfest, 179; venison, 246 Relics brought back by the Franklin search expedition, iii. 229 Renaud, M.: his co‐operation with M. de Lesseps in the Suez Canal,