iii. 211;

North‐west passage found, 212; portrait, 213 Macquarie, Governor: on the population of Australia, i. 153 McQuhæ, Capt., his account of the sea‐serpent, iv. 186 Madagascar, English pirates at, iii. 62 “Madre de Dios,” taken by the Earl of Cumberland, i. 293 Madrepores, iv. 122, 124 Magdalena Bay, Spitzbergen, iii. 166, 167 Magellan, Ferdinand de: discovery of Magellan’s Straits, iii. 316; of the Philippine Islands, 317; battle with Indians, Magellan killed, _ib._ Magnetic Pole discovered by Sir James Ross, iii. 187 Mahoney, Gunner, his swim across the Hellespont, iv. 258 Major, R. H., F.S.A. Arctic exploration by the brothers Zeni, iii. 47 Malacca, Islands in the Straits, i. 129; view in the Straits, 145 Malay population of the Cape of Good Hope, i. 206 Malay prahus, i. 149 Malay sailors, i. 43 Malta, i. 96, 98; view, 96; Valetta, 98; climate, fruits, inhabitants, 99; buildings, history of the island, _ib._; defended by the Knights of St. John, 100; catacombs at Citta Vecchia, 101, 103; Maltese cross, _ib._; sieges, 102; taken by Napoleon, _ib._; won by England, _ib._; scene of St. Paul’s shipwreck, 103; garrison, 104 Mammoth: Bones of the, fossil ivory, iii. 162 Mangosteen, the apple of the East, i. 150 Mansvelt, the pirate, iii. 30 Manure ships, ii. 122 Maories of New Zealand, iv. 51, 52 Maplin Sands lighthouse, ii. 182 Maracaibo: Lolonois the pirate at, iii. 19; the town attacked, 21, 22, 24; taken by the pirate Morgan, 37; letter from the Spanish admiral, iii. 39; fire ship, 40; Morgan’s escape, 43, 44 Margate life‐boats, ii. 254, 255 _ Marigold_, Drake’s vessel, lost, i. 308 Marine artillery. (_See_ Artillery) Markham, Commander, A. H.: _Alert_ and _Discovery_ expedition, iii. 92, 102, 107, 108, 110 Marquesite, supposed to contain gold, iii. 125, 126 Marryat, Captain, on sailors, i. 42, 44; ceremonies on crossing the line, 230; old war ships, 215 Marshall: his discovery of gold in California, i. 158 Martin, Frederick: “History of Lloyd’s and Marine Insurance,” ii. 126 Martin, John Bohun, Captain, lost in the “London,” ii. 291–295 Martinique: the Diamond Rock; the _Centaur_, i. 161, 187 Masquerade on board the _Terror_, iii. 200 Matamana, Cuba; Lolonois the pirate at, iii. 25 Matavia Bay: mutiny of the _Bounty_, i. 244 Mauna Kea, a Japanese volcano, iv. 47, 49 Mauna Loa, a Japanese volcano, iv. 47 Maxwell, Sir Murray, captain of the _Alceste_; wreck of the ship, i. 82 May, gunner of the _Captain_; his escape, i. 57, 58 “Medical Life in the Navy,” by Dr. Stables, i. 220 Medina Sidonia, Duke of, commander of the Spanish Armada, i. 288 Mediterranean: Round the World in a Man‐of‐war, i. 87‐214; “The Mediterranean,” by Rear‐Admiral Smyth, _ib._; ancient and modern names of the Mediterranean, _ib._, 88; history and description of Gibraltar, 88; saltness of the water, 97; gales and storms, 104 Medusæ, iv. 116, 195 “Medusa,” Wreck of the, i. 75; the raft, 76, 77, 78; starvation and illusions of the sufferers, 79; combats, cannibalism, and murder, 80, 81; Géricault’s painting of the raft, 81 Mehemet Ali and M. de Lesseps, i. 108 Melbourne, South Australia, i. 155; iv. 53, 54 Melville Bay, iii. 97; view of Cape York, iii. 228 Menai Straits, ii. 300 Mendoza, Don Fernando de: his ship, “Madre de Dios,” taken by the Earl of Cumberland, i. 293 Men of Peace: naval life in peace times: the cruise of the _Challenger_, i. 28 Men of the Sea: how boys become sailors; Amyas Leigh; training ships; old guard ships; routine and work on board; “watches” and “bells;” grog; the cat, i. 42–54 Men of War: The _Victory_, i. 4; Siege of Toulon, 6; Battle of St. Vincent, 7–9; Nelson’s bridge, 8; Trafalgar, 10–13; iron and wooden ships, 9, 13; Crimean War, 15; Bombardment of Sebastopol, 14, 15; red‐hot shot and Gibraltar, 16, 18; Ironclads, 13, 14; the _Warrior_ and “La Gloire,” 18; the “Merrimac,” its history, 19; the “Cumberland” sunk, 20, 21, 22; the “Congress” burned, _ib._; the first “Monitor,” its engagement with the “Merrimac,” 23, 24, 25; the “Shah” and “Huascar” engagement, 26; the “Vesta” (Russian) and the “Assari Tefvik” (Turkish) ships, action between them, 27; instruction on board, 49; officer’s life on board, 214; ward‐room, captain’s cabin, 215; between decks in the eighteenth century, 217; doctors, 220; officers and seamen of the eighteenth century, 221; chaplains, 222; engineers, 224; American, English, and French sailors, 226; ceremonies on “crossing the line,” 229; ward‐room, meals and music, 231; mess and wine‐caterers, _ib._; present force of the Navy, _ib._; cost of ironclads, 231; history of the Navy, 232; naval volunteers, 232; rapid firing, _ib._; artillery volunteers, 233; drills, 234; Royal Naval Reserve, 234; pursers, their dishonesty, mutiny of the Nore, 250 (_see_ Mutinies and); Round the World on a Man‐of‐War, 87 Menzaleh, Lake: on the Suez Canal, catching pelicans, i. 112, 116 Mermaids, iii. 146 “Merrimac:” its work of destruction in Hampton Roads, i. 20–22; engagement with the “Monitor,” 23–25; its history, 18; ii. 139 “Miantonoma:” monitor steamer, ii. 139, 140; its circumnavigation of the world, 142 Michelet: his references to the sea, i. 2; iv. 290; Infusoria, iv. 112; Medusa, 117; Echinoderms, 126; Cephalopoda, cuttle‐fish, octopus, 143 Microscope: “the sixth sense of man,” iv. 112 Middleton, Sir Henry: East India trade, ii. 13 Midshipmen, i. 47 Miller, Patrick: propulsion of ships by steam, ii. 81–83 Milne, Admiral: his report on the loss of the _Captain_, i. 59 Milne‐Edwards, Dr.: his diving apparatus, iv. 113 Milner, Rev. John: Duke of Edinburgh’s visit to the Cape, i. 205 Milton: his reference to the sea, i. 2; iv. 290 Mindry, Robert: his “Chips from the Log of an Old Salt,” i. 44 Mines of Cornwall, iv. 215 _ Minion_, Sir John Hawkins’s ship, i. 299 “Minnesota,” i. 20, 24 Mirage in the Straits of Fuca, i. 163 Mississippi scheme, ii. 42 Misson, Captain: the pirate, iii. 64–67 Missouri river, iv. 16 Mistral, or Grippe, i. 107 Mocha, i. 117 Mocha fleet attacked by Captain Kidd, iii. 56 Mock suns (parahelia), iii. 132, 150, 152 Mock moons, iii. 221 Molluscs: phosphorescence of the sea produced by, iv. 97 Monitors: the first engagement with the “Merrimac,” i. 22–26; a “dummy” monitor, ii. 138; the first “Monitor,” 139 Monkeys: at Gibraltar, i. 88, 97; in Trinidad, 182; eaten at Singapore, 150 Monson, Sir William: his “Naval Tracts,” his daring deeds, ii. 15; his captivity, 17; at the Siege of Cadiz, _ib._; destruction of the Spanish fleet, 18; action at Cerimbra Roads, 19, 21; on Dutch fisheries, 23; expedition against pirates, 24; adventure at Broad Haven, 25 Monsoon, i. 129; iv. 95 Montesino, M. de: his co‐operation with M. de Lesseps, i. 111 Moon, the. (_See_ Mock Moons.) Moore, Captain: search for Franklin in the _Plover_, iii. 207, 211 Moore, Lieutenant: his swim across the Hellespont, iv. 258 Moore, Frank: his “Rebellion Record;” the “Merrimac;” and the “Monitor,” i. 19 Moors in Spain, i. 88, 90, 93, 94 Morgan, Captain Henry: the pirate, iii. 29–51; portrait, 41 Mormondom; town of Echo, Utah, Salt Lake City, iv. 23 “Morning Star” chased by De Soto the pirate, iii. 80 Morrison, R. J., R.N.: loss of the “Rothsay Castle,” ii. 298 Morton’s sledge journey; in Dr. Kane’s expedition, iii. 239; the open sea discovered, 239, 241; with Captain Hall in the “Polaris,” iii. 268 Mounts Erebus and Terror, iii. 280 Mount St. Elias, Alaska, i. 170 Mount’s Bay and Mount St. Michael, Cornwall, iv. 223 Müller, S.: his “Life of Vitus Behring,” iii. 160 Mundy, Colonel: on Sydney, Australia, i. 154 Munk, Jens: his Arctic voyage, iii. 150 Murchison, Sir Roderick J.: his advocacy of Polar exploration, iii. 92 Murex, a univalve shell, iv. 144 “Murillo,” the “Northfleet” wrecked by her, ii. 263–267 Murphy, J. M.: American railways, iv. 18; salmon of American rivers, 166 Murray, Mrs. William, shipwrecked; “Ten Terrible Days,” iv. 56 Musquitoes, i. 222 Mussels, iv. 129, 132 Mutiny: on the raft of the “Medusa,” i. 79; at Portsmouth, 225; of the Nore, 249; the “Lennie” mutineers, 235; of the _Bounty_, 235–249; the crew at Otaheite, 236; mutineers seizing Captain Bligh, 237; Bligh cast adrift, 240; on the _Wager_, ii. 52

Nagasaki, i. 129 Nanaimo, Vancouver Island, i. 168 Napoleon I. at St. Helena, i. 212 Napoleon III.: introduction of ironclad war ships, i. 18 “Napoleon,” steam screw, constructed by Dupuy Delorme, i. 226 Nares, Sir George S.: cruise of the _Challenger_, i. 29; cairns erected by him, iii. 97, 99; expedition of the _Alert_ and _Discovery_, 99–114; portrait, iii. 85 Natal, i. 211 Naukum, a native of Plover Bay, i. 138 Nautilus, iv. 143, 149 Naval architecture, History of, i. 258 Naval cadets, Training of, i. 47 Naval flags of the world, ii. 1 Naval service: officer’s life on board, i. 214 Navigation Act passed by Cromwell, ii. 30 Navy office established by Henry VIII., i. 282 Negrelli, M. de: his co‐operation with M. de Lesseps in the Suez Canal, i. 111 Negroes in the West Indies, i. 183, 185, 188 Nelson, Lord: his glorious career, i. 7, 9, 10; as a model commander; Trafalgar, 227; career and anecdotes of, ii. 71; his encounter with the bear, 73; Calvi and Bastia, loss of his eye, _ib._; Battle of the Nile, burning of “L’Orient,” 74; coffin presented to him, _ib._; rewards, 75, 77; Battle of Copenhagen, 65, 75; portrait, 76; his body taken to Gibraltar, i. 96 Nelson’s bridge at the battle of St. Vincent, i. 8 Nevada, Silver mines at, iv. 26 “New Albion,” California so named by Drake, i. 312 Newfoundland: possession taken by Sir Humphrey Gilbert, i. 318; Captain Roberts the pirate at, iii. 63 Newhaven, iv. 231 “New Holland,” early name for West Australia, i. 151 New South Wales, so named by Captain Cook, i. 152 Newspapers in America, iv. 27; in Arctic ships, iii. 170 New York, i. 195–198; map of the harbour, 195; Brooklyn Bridge, 196; the Broadway, 197; ferry‐boats, _ib._; climate, 198; view of New York Bay, iv. 12 New York to Chicago by rail, iv. 14 New Zealand: Auckland, North, Middle, and Stewart’s Islands, iv. 48; gold‐fields, 50; war with the Maories, 51 Niagara, iv. 14; the first submarine Atlantic telegraph cable, 101, 102 Nicaragua: Lolonois the pirate at, iii. 28 Nicuesa, Diego de: his expedition to America, iii. 307; his release from his creditors, 309; quarrel with Ojeda, 311; fight with Indians, _ib._ Nino’s voyage to America, iii. 303 Noah’s ark, i. 258; iv. 56 Noddies and boobies taken by Bligh: mutiny of the _Bounty_, i. 243, 244 Noel, Commander R.N.: on torpedoes, ii. 152 Nombre de Dios, attacked by Drake, i. 302 Nordenskjöld, Professor: discovery of the north‐east passage, iii. 159; his Swedish Arctic expeditions, 257; his six Arctic voyages, 274; accomplishment of the north‐east passage, _ib._; the “Vega,” _ib._ Nore, mutiny of the, i. 249, 251–256 Norfolk: sketches of the sea coast, iv. 247–251 Norman ships, i. 266, 268 North American naval station, i. 108 North Cape, iii. 169 North‐east passage: early voyages for discovering the, iii. 115–123, 129, 151; the passage made by Professor Nordenskjöld, 274; north‐eastern voyages of the Dutch, 129 “Northfleet,” wreck of the, ii. 260, 263–267 North polar regions, map, iii. 89 North Pole: expeditions to approach it, iii. 87; projected passage over the Pole, 144, 151 _ North Star_, search for Franklin, iii. 213 North‐west passage, iii. 142, 143; reward offered by Government for its discovery, 154, 155; Sir John Ross’s expedition, 163, 205; discovered by Sir John Franklin, 206; found by Maclure, 212 Northumberland, Duke of: his interest in the Lifeboat, ii. 211; his prizes, 213 _ Northumberland_, Napoleon I. on board the, i. 213 Norwegians, Arctic voyages of the Vikings, iii. 115, 116 Norwegian ships, ancient, i. 90 Norwegian ships, sanitary arrangements, ii. 120 “Novara” (Austrian frigate), deep‐sea soundings, i. 28 Nova Zembla, Gerrit de Veer’s Map, iii. 131; Barents at, 133, 137; Henry Hudson at, 146

Oar‐weed, iv. 200 Ocean, the, its Living Wonders, iv. 111–158. (_See_ Atlantic and Pacific.) _ Ocean_, Lord Collingwood’s ship, in a storm, i. 105 Octopus, iv. 148 Officer’s life on board a man‐of‐war, i. 214 Officers of East Indiamen, their privileges, ii. 14 Ojeda, Alonzo de, a follower of Columbus: voyages to America, iii. 301, 304; imprisoned by Ocampo, 306; his escape, 305, 306; another voyage, 309; fight with Indians, 310, 311; quarrel with Nicuesa, _ib._; wounded by Indians, 312; his strange adventures and death, 312, 313, 314 Old and young ice. (_See_ Ice.) Ommaney, Capt., search for Franklin in the _Assistance_, iii. 207 Onions in Bermuda, i. 190 Opium‐eating and smoking, iv. 38 Orellana, Don Josef Pizarro attacked by him, ii. 48 “Orient,” steam‐ship, iv. 3 Osborn, Admiral Sherard, on the loss of the _Captain_, i. 58; his advocacy of Polar Exploration, iii. 92; his biography of Franklin, 206; search for Franklin in the _Pioneer_, 207, 208, 210 Ostrich farming in South Africa, i. 210 Otaheite, the crew of the _Bounty_ at, i. 236, 238 Ounimak Pass, Aleutian Islands, i. 171 Owen, Professor R., F.R.S., on the Sea‐serpent, iv. 187, 188 Oxenham, John, his connection with Drake, i. 303; his embarkation on the Pacific Ocean, 304; executed at Lima, 305 Oysters, British, mentioned by Juvenal, i. 262; natural history and cultivation, iv. 130–138; dredging for oysters, 137. (_See_ Pearl Oysters.)

Pacific Ocean, its depth and other characteristics, i. 28; Map of Islands, 245; discovered by Balboa, 303; Drake’s first view of it, 289, 302; seen by the pirate Morgan, iii. 47; storm in 1865, i. 139; “patent smoke‐stack,” _ib._ Pacific Ferry, The: San Francisco to Japan and China, iv. 31–40; to New Zealand and Australia, 45–55 Pacific Naval Station, i. 156 Pacific Railway, Life on the, iv. 19; scene in the Sierra Nevada mountains, 20; snow‐shed, 29 “Pacific” steamer lost, ii. 108 Paddle‐boats, History of, ii. 77, 78 Padstow, Wreck at, iv. 221 Paléocapa, M.: his co‐operation with M. de Lesseps in the Suez Canal, i. 111 Palos: departure of Columbus on his first voyage, iii. 293 Panama, i. 171; taken and burnt by the pirate Morgan, iii. 47–49; Spanish ships taken by the pirate Sawkins, iii. 51–54; view of the town, 52 Panama, Isthmus of, Drake at the, i. 303 _ Pandora_ sent to find the mutineers of the _Bounty_, i. 244; the ship wrecked, 246 “Pandora,” Cruise of the, iii. 91–99 Papin: propulsion of ships, ii. 80 Paraguayan torpedo blowing up a Brazilian ironclad, ii. 154 Parahelia, or mock suns, iii. 132 Parker, Richard, ringleader of the mutiny of the Nore, i. 252–256; hanged, 256 Parker, Sir Peter: mutiny at Spithead, i. 250 Parma, Prince of, in the Spanish Armada, i. 284, 286, 290 Parr, Lieutenant, his arrival on board the _Alert_, iii. 113 Parry, Sir. W. E.: Arctic expedition, iii. 163, 168, 170; boat and sledge expedition, 178; career after his Arctic voyages, 184; his death, 185 Parsees, i. 118 Pasley, Colonel: raising of the _Royal George_, i. 62 Patagonia, Drake in, i. 308 Payer, Lieutenant Julius, Arctic expedition of the “Germania” and “Hansa,” iii. 259; his discovery of coal in the Arctic regions, 267; Austro‐Hungarian Arctic expedition in the “Tegethoff,” 271; two years on an ice‐floe, _ib._; sledge expedition, 272; discovery of Franz Josef Land, _ib._; fall of sledge into a crevasse, 273 Payerne’s “Submarine Hydrostats,” iv. 86 Peace, Men of: naval life in peace times; the cruise of the _Challenger_, i. 28 Pearls from America taken to Spain, iii. 303 _ Pearl_, Commodore Anson’s ship, ii. 46, 50 Pearl oysters: pearls, real and artificial, iv. 67, 68, 69; history and practice of the pearl fishery, 70 Pearson, Captain, his ship taken by Paul Jones, iii. 77 Peat‐bogs, Falkland islands, i. 177 Pemmican: an Arctic dinner, iii. 210; mode of preparing, 216 Penguins and their eggs, i. 40, 41, 177; iii. 280 Penny, Captain W., search for Franklin in the “Lady Franklin,” iii. 207, 210 Pensioners, Greenwich, iv. 286 Penzance, iv. 219 Perez, Father, his support of the plans of Columbus, iii. 286 Perils of the Sailor’s Life, i. 54, 67 Perim Island, in the Red Sea, i. 117 Perrault, the Canadian voyageur, dividing his store with Richardson and his crew, iii. 192 Peru, i. 172 Peter the Great: at Amsterdam, ii. 33–38; portrait, 33; in England, 38–41; receiving a deputation, 36; Saye’s Court, 39; rise of St. Petersburg, 41 Petersen, Christian, with Captain Nares in the _Alert_; his illness and death, iii. 105; the “Fox” Arctic expedition, 216, 218, 220, 227, 236, 241, 252 Petropaulovski, i. 131, 132; Avatcha Bay, 131; scenery, 131, 134, 137; town attacked by the allied fleets, 132; double wedding, 135 Pett, Phineas: his improvements in war ships, i. 232; the _Prince Royal_, ii. 22; _ Royal Sovereign_, 29 Phillip, Captain, his voyage to Botany Bay, i. 152 Phipps, Captain, his Arctic voyage, iii. 154 Phipps, William, a fortunate diver, iv. 80 Phœnician fleets, i. 259 Phœnician remains in Malta, i. 103 Pholades, rock‐borers, iv. 203 Phosphorescence of the sea, iv. 96, 97 Physalia, iv. 119, 120, 121 Pierre le Grand, the pirate, iii. 7; Spanish admiral’s ship taken by him, 8, 9, 12 Pigeons: pigeon despatched by Sir John Ross, iii. 211 “Pigeon English” in China, i. 126; “Chinook jargon,” 167 Pilchards: the pilchard fishery, iv. 173, 216 Pillars of Hercules, i. 87 Pim, Lieut., of the _Resolute_, his meeting with Captain Maclure,