iii. 150;

his ill‐treatment of Munk, 151 Christian, Fletcher: the mutiny of the _Bounty_, i. 239–247; shot by an Otaheitan, 249 Christian, Thursday October, son of Fletcher Christian, discovered on Pitcairn Island, i. 247 Christmas in the Arctic regions, iii. 103, 222, 224, 263 “Cinco Chagas” (the Five Wounds) burnt by the Earl of Cumberland, i. 294 Cinque Ports, i. 267 “City of Berlin,” Atlantic steamer, iv. 3 “City of Brussels,” Atlantic steamer, iv. 3 “City of Richmond,” Atlantic steamer, iv. 3 Cleodora, a univalve shell, iv. 145 “Clermont,” steam vessel, built by Fulton and Livingston, ii. 93 Clocks: The “Mother Clock” at the Royal Observatory, Greenwich, iv. 282 Clyde and its ship‐building yards, The, ii. 97 Coal: early trade in “sea‐coal,” i. 271 Coal in the Arctic regions, iii. 107; in Vancouver Island, i. 168 Coast‐guardsmen and their cottages, iv. 232, 234 Cobb, Captain: burning of the “Kent,” i. 69–74 Cobden, Richard: his support of M. de Lesseps and the Suez Canal, i. 107 Cochrane, Admiral: his description of Lieutenant Larmour and the naval service, i. 216 Cockles, iv. 204, 205 Cockroaches in ships, i. 221 Cocoa‐nut oil manufactories at Sierra Leone, i. 203 Cocos, or Keeling Coral Island: Darwin’s description, iv. 75, 76 Cod: the Newfoundland and English fisheries, iv. 175, 176 Cod‐liver oil a protection to swimmers, iv. 264 Cœlenterata: Hydrozoa and Actinozoa, iv. 115 Coffin‐ships, i. 3; ii. 112 Cold in the Arctic regions, iii. 171, 225, 236, 237, 276. (_See_ Temperature.) Colden, C. D.: his “Life of Fulton,” ii. 94, 150 Coles, Captain Cowper Phipps: his invention of revolving turrets, i. 54; loss of the _Captain_, _ib._ Collins, Wilkie: the pilchard fishery, iv. 173; Botallack Mine, 207, 209; Looe, 212; Cornish hospitality, 216; pedestrianism, 218 Collins line of steam‐ships, ii. 106–108 Collinson, Captain: Search of Franklin in the _Enterprise_, iii. 211, 214 Collodon, Dr., on the diving‐bell, iv. 83 Colorado: newspapers at George Town and Central City, iv. 27 Colour of the sea, i. 35, 87; iv. 96 Colpoys, Admiral: mutiny at Spithead, i. 251 Columbus, Bartholomew, brother of Christopher Columbus: iii. 285, 295; his visit to England, 285; imprisoned, 296 Columbus, Christopher: his landing at Trinidad, i. 177; history of his life and discoveries, by his son, iii. 283; his personal character and appearance, _ib._; voyage to Iceland, _ib._; first application to Ferdinand and Isabella, 285; portrait, _ib._; first voyage, 286; land discovered, 288, 289; his caravels, 288; at Cuba and Hispaniola, gold and tobacco, 290, 291; is shipwrecked, 291; return to Spain, royal reception, 289, 293; second voyage, 294; disaffection and mutiny in Hispaniola, _ib._; return and third voyage, 295; general mutiny, _ib._; his arrest and subsequent ill‐treatment, 296, 297; fourth voyage, _ib._; his death, 297; burial and final interment at Havana, 298; his voyage to Greenland and Iceland, 118 Columbus, Diego, brother of Christopher Columbus: imprisoned by Bobadillo, iii. 296; made Governor of San Domingo, 308 Columbus, Ferdinand, son of Christopher Columbus: his history of his father and his discoveries, iii. 283 Concerts on board ship, iv. 35 “Congress” burnt in action with the “Merrimac,” i. 20, 22, 23 Conrad, Chevalier: his co‐operation with M. de Lesseps, i. 111 Conus, a univalve shell, iv. 141 Coode: construction of Portland Breakwater, ii. 194 Cook, Captain James: his discovery of Botany Bay, i. 151; his Arctic voyage, iii. 155, 158; voyage of the _Resolution_ and _Adventure_, 277; discoveries, 278; his career, 318; his tragical death, _ib._ Cook, captain of the “Cambria:” his assistance at the burning of the “Kent,” i. 74 Cook, Eliza, her verses on the Sea, iv. 299 “Comet,” Bell’s passenger steamer, ii. 95, 96 _ Comet_, naval steam‐tug, ii. 98 Compass on iron ships, ii. 102 Comrie, Dr. Peter, R.N.: on the discipline in training‐ships, i. 46 Copenhagen, Nelson at, ii. 65, 75 Coracles, or basket‐boats, i. 258 Coral‐islands and coral‐fishing, iv. 72, 73 Coral‐reefs in the Red Sea, i. 117 Corals of Singapore, i. 150 Coralline, iv. 201 Cordouan, Tower of, lighthouse, ii. 157 Cordova, Spanish admiral: battle of St. Vincent, i. 7, 10 Cork Harbour, ii. 308 Cornelison: his voyage of discovery, iii. 129, 133, 142 Cornwall: view on the coast of, i. 297; sketches of the coast, iv. 207–225; population, 215; mines and fisheries, 215, 216; religion, 223 Corsairs, Gibraltar attacked by, i. 92 Cost of ironclad ships of war, i. 14, 231; ii. 146 Costa Rica: towns and villages pillaged by pirates, iii. 30 Coudin, midshipman of the “Medusa,” i. 78, 80 Coupang Bay, Lieutenant Bligh at; mutiny of the _Bounty_, i. 244 “Coupland” wrecked at Scarborough, iv. 254 “Courageux” taken by the _Bellona_, i. 229 Cowries, iv. 140, 141 Crabs, iv. 129, 151, 154 Crayfish, iv. 158 Cricket‐match on board ship, iv. 33 Crimean War, its lessons, i. 15, 19 Crimson snow, iii. 164 Croatoan Island, Virginia, ii. 2 Croker Mountains, an imaginary discovery by Sir John Ross, iii. 166, 170 Cromwell’s Navy, i. 232 Cromwell’s Navigation Act, ii. 30 Crossing the Line: old ceremonies, i. 229 Crozier, Captain: Arctic exploration, iii. 179, 230 Crusaders: their ships, i. 267, 269 Crusoe, Robinson: Alexander Selkirk; Defoe and the island of Juan Fernandez, i. 33, 36 Crusoe’s Island (Tobago), i. 179; ii. 50 Crustaceans, iv. 150 Crystal Palace Aquarium, iv. 114 Cuba, i. 183; Havana, 184; the pirate Morgan, iii. 30, 31; discovered by Columbus, 290 Culloden, i. 8 Cumberland, Earl of, as a pirate, i. 291, 295, ii. 16; rich prizes, 292; action with the “Madre de Dios,” 293; _ Scourge of Malice_, i. 295; voyage with Sir William Morison, ii. 17, 18 “Cumberland” sunk in action with the “Merrimac,” i. 20, 21, 22 Cunard steamers: the first, ii. 105, 106; “Scotia,” “Bothnia,” 109; success of the Cunard Company, 110 Cushing, Lieutenant: his attack on the “Albemarle,” ii. 149 Cust, Hon. Sir Edward, D.C.L.: his “Annals of the Wars of the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries,” i. 11, 16 Cuttle‐fish, Gigantic, i. 31; iv. 147

_ Dædalus_: Captain McQuhæ’s account of the sea‐serpent, iv. 186 Da Gama, Vasco: the Cape of Good Hope doubled by him, i. 203; discovery of Natal, i. 211 Dahlgren guns on the first “Monitor,” i. 23 Dampier: on the bread‐fruit, i. 238; his re‐discovery of Australia, i. 151 Dana’s “Seaman’s Manual,” i. 51; “Two Years Before the Mast,” i. 48, 158 Dancing on board ship, iv. 34 Danes, Dr. Kane’s meeting with, iii. 253 Danish ships, i. 263, 265 Danites at Utah and Salt Lake City, iv. 25 Darien, the Indians of: Lolonois, the pirate, killed by them, iii. 28 Darling, Grace: wreck of the “Forfarshire,” iv. 64 Darling, Maggie and Jessie: their rescue of sailors in the St. Lawrence River, iv. 64 Dartmouth, iv. 224 _ Dartmouth_ in Boston Harbour, ii. 65–69; tea thrown overboard, 69, 72 Darwin: on coral reefs, iv. 74, 76; on Infusoria, 113 D’Avila, Alvares: his defence of Gibraltar, i. 92 Dawkins, Captain, of the _Vanguard_: loss of the ship, i. 63, 65 De Veer, Gerrit: map of Nova Zembla, iii. 131 Davis, John, the pirate, iii. 16 Davis, John: his Arctic explorations, iii. 127, 128 Davy, Sir Humphry: fecundity of the salmon, iv. 164 Davy Jones’s Locker and its Treasures: pearls, corals, sponges, diving, iv. 66–90 “Dead‐heads” on American railways, iv. 26 Deal: view on the coast; life‐boats, ii. 229, 232 Deal, iv. 242; life‐boat, _ib._ Deal hovellers, ii. 247, 248 Decisive voyages in history: Diaz, Columbus, Vasco da Gama, companions and followers of Columbus; Captain Cook, iii. 281 Deep‐sea soundings: cruise of the _Challenger_, i. 28, 30; the accumulator and other apparatus, 29, 30, 35 “Defensor de Pedro,” the ship of De Soto, the pirate, iii. 79 Defoe’s “Robinson Crusoe:” the island of Juan Fernandez, i. 33 De Gusman: Gibraltar besieged by him, i. 91, 92 Delorme, Dupuy: “Napoleon” constructed by, i. 226 Deptford: old Deptford dockyard, i. 280; ii. 37; Peter the Great, 38; Saye’s Court, 39 De Quiros, Pedro Fernandez: discovery of the New Hebrides, i. 151; his discoveries in the southern hemisphere, iii. 277 De Ruyter, Admiral, on the Medway, ii. 31 Desertion: from the navy; mutiny of the _Bounty_, i. 235, 239; mutiny of the _Nore_, 254; the _Wager_, ii. 53 Desolation Island, iii. 279 De Soto Benito, the pirate: his cruelty, iii. 78–84; executed, 83 “Deutschland,” Wreck of the, ii. 114, 273 De Veer: narrative of Barents’s voyage of discovery, iii. 134, 138 Devil‐fish, iv. 146 Devil’s Frying‐pan, Cornwall, iv. 225 Devonshire coast scenery, iv. 199 Devonshire boys on training‐ships, i. 46 Diamond fields of South Africa, i. 210 Diamond Rock, Martinique: the _Centaur_, i. 161, 187 Diaz, Bartholomew de: his discovery of the Cape of Good Hope, i. 203; iii. 282, 284; sea passage from Portugal to India, iii. 281 Dibdin, Charles, and his two sons; their sea‐songs, iv. 298 Dickens, Charles: his first trip to America, iv. 3–12 Dip of the magnetic needle, iii. 187 Discipline, Value of; the _Vanguard_, i. 65; “Kent,” East Indiaman, 64, 68, 69, 71, 74; wreck of the _Alceste_, i. 82, 83; loss of the “Birkenhead,” i. 74, 75; want of discipline in the wreck of the “Medusa,” i. 75–82 Disco, _Alert_ and _Discovery_ at, iii. 92, 93; “Pandora” at, iii. 95; entrance to music‐hall, 96 _ Discovery_, Henry Hudson’s ship, iii. 146 _ Discovery_, Captain Cook’s ship, iii. 155, 318 _ Discovery_: departure from Portsmouth with the _Alert_, iii. 84; narrative of the expedition, 99–114 Divers at work, iv. 85 Divers attacked by a sword‐fish, iv. 84 Diving for pearls, iv. 69 Diving for wreckage: the diving‐bell, iv. 79 Diving dress, iv. 86. (_See_ Swimming.) _ Dobb’s Galley_: its expedition to the Arctic regions, iii. 154 Dogs in M‘Clintock’s Arctic expedition, iii. 219, 225 Dogs, Edible, iii. 220 Dogs, Wild, at Tortuga, iii. 7 Dog‐fish, iv. 162, 164, 262 Dominica, i. 187 _ Dorothea_ in the ice, iii. 165, 166, 167 Doughtie, Master, executed by Drake for mutiny, i. 307 Douglas Pines of British Columbia used for canoes, i. 167 Dover, iv. 239, 240 Drake, Sir Francis: the Spanish Armada, i. 284, 286, 288; his first view of the Pacific, 289, 302; his ships, _Judith_, _Pascha_, _Swan_; his attack on Nombre de Dios, 302; at the Isthmus of Panama, 303; passes the Straits of Magellan, 305; his circumnavigation of the globe, _ib._; natives of Seal Bay, 306; execution of a mutineer, 307; his ship, the _Golden Hinde_, 308; portrait, 309; treasure ship, “Cacafuego” taken by him, 311; arrival at Ternate, 312; at San Francisco, _ib._; at Celebes, 313; death, funeral, and character, 314 _ Drake_ taken by Paul Jones, iii. 75 Draper, Rev. Mr., lost in the “London,” ii. 294 _ Dreadnought_, i. 5 _ Dreadnought_, hospital ship, ii. 120; iv. 285 Dredges at work on the Suez Canal, i. 112, 113 Dredging in the deep sea, i. 30, 31 Dredging instruments on board the _Challenger_, i. 38 Drinkwater’s “Siege of Gibraltar,” i. 16, 91, 97 Drowning. (_See_ Swimming.) Duel of English and French ships, i. 271 Duncan, Admiral, addressing his crew on the _Venerable_, mutiny of the Nore, i. 253 Dundas, Lord: Symington’s steam vessel, “Charlotte Dundas,” ii. 84 Dundonald, Earl of: his “Autobiography of a Seaman,” i. 216 Dunmore, Lord: life saved by him from shipwreck, iv. 243 D’Urville, Admiral: discovery of South Polar Land, iii. 279 D’Urville, Dumont: Trepang fishery at Raffles’ Bay, iv. 127 Dust falling at Shanghai, i. 125 Dutch East India Company, ii. 13 Dutch fisheries, ii. 23 Dutch naval war, ii. 30; Martin Tromp, _ib._; Admiral Van Tromp, 31 Dutch shipping and English compared by Raleigh, ii. 10 Dutch voyages of discovery, iii. 129 Dyke Sand: the Goodwins, ii. 255 Dynamite, its explosive power, ii. 152

“Earl of Balcarras,” East Indiaman, ii. 15 Earthquakes: at Shanghai, i. 123; California, 162; West Indies, 186 Eastbourne, iv. 235 East India Company; its history, ii. 11 East India Station, i. 119 Echinoderms, iv. 126 Edinburgh, His Royal Highness the Duke of: the _Galatea_ at the Cape, i. 205, 209 Edward III.: his fleet, i. 271, 272 Edwards, Captain Edward: expedition of the _Pandora_ to find the mutineers of the _Bounty_, i. 244–246 Eddystone Lighthouse, ii. 156; its history, 159; Winstanley’s lighthouse, _ib._; Rudyerd’s, 161–163; Smeaton’s, 164–171; views of former and present lighthouses, 160, 161, 168; interior of the light chamber, 171; portrait of Smeaton, 170 “Effort” on the Goodwin Sands, ii. 247 Egerton, Sub‐lieutenant, in Arctic exploration, iii. 105, 106 Egyptian galleys, i. 259 Eider ducks and their eggs, iii. 167, 251, 252 El Dorado, The search for, ii. 4 Electrical phenomenon at Cape Horn, i. 176 Electricity employed to remove the _Royal George_, i. 62 Ekenhead, Lieutenant: his swim with Byron across the Hellespont, iv. 257 Electric light for lighthouses, ii. 187 Elephant‐hunting in South Africa, i. 208 Elizabeth, Queen: her navy, i. 232, 282; the Spanish Armada, 283–291; Drake’s circumnavigation of the globe, 314; her patronage of Gilbert and Raleigh; present to Gilbert, 316; encouragement of Frobisher, iii. 123, 124 Elliott, General: his defence of Gibraltar, i. 16–18 El Puerto del Santa Maria, Cuba: taken by the pirate Morgan, iii. 30 “Ely”: rescue of the “Woolpacket,” Bideford Bay, ii. 251, 252 Emigration of Chinese to California, i. 162 Emigration: to Australia, i. 154; Cape of Good Hope, 210; America, ii. 62, 69; Melbourne, iv. 54, 55 Engineers on board ship, i. 224–226; engine room of the _Warrior_, 225; rank and pay of engineers, _ib._ English sailors, i. 226 Enisco, M. F. de: his generosity to Nicuesa, iii. 309; his expeditions, capture of gold, iii. 314 _ Enterprise_: search for Franklin, iii. 211, 214 _ Erebus_, Franklin’s ship in his last voyage, iii. 207 _ Erebus_ and _Terror_ among the icebergs, iii. 193; discovery of relics, 227 Ericsson, Captain John: his battery in the first “Monitor,” i. 23; portrait, ii. 97; introduction of the screw‐propeller, 102 Espinosa, Spanish admiral: his letter to the pirate Morgan, iii. 39 Esquemeling, Joseph, a bucanier: his account of them, iii. 3, 6 Esquimalt, Vancouver Island, i. 163, 165 Esquimaux, The, iii. 117; described by Frobisher, 123; portraits, 172; snow village, 173, 174; Franklin’s fight with Esquimaux, 195; kaiyacks and boat, 196; Dr. Kane at Etah, 238, 251; relics of Franklin, 225; plot against Dr. Hayes in Dr. Kane’s expedition, 241; a laudanum stew, 243; snow‐houses, 244; portrait of Kalutunah, 245; sledges and team of dogs, 163, 225 Esquiros, Alphonse: on “English Seamen and Divers,” i. 42; on street arabs, 47; on Lloyd’s, ii. 125–128; on the diving‐bell, iv. 81, 83 Etah, Esquimaux at, iii. 251 Eugénie, Empress of the French, at the inauguration of the Suez Canal, i. 115 Euplectella (Venus’s flower‐basket,), i. 30, 32 _ Eurydice_ training‐ship: lost off the Isle of Wight, iv. 227, 228

Falconer, James; his poem “The Shipwreck,” iv. 297; his Marine Dictionary, _ib._ Falkland Islands, i. 176 Falmouth: its history, iv. 222; lighthouse, _ib._; harbour, i. 72 Farmer Peck’s Inn, Simon’s Bay, i. 206 Fat: its influence on longevity, iv. 168 Faulkner, Captain R., in the _Bellona_ takes the “Courageux,” i. 228 Fearney, William, Nelson’s bargeman at the battle of St. Vincent, i. 8 Fearon, Colonel: burning of the “Kent,” i. 69 Female pirates: Mary Read and Anne Bonney, iii. 67, 68 Ferdinand and Isabella: surrender of Gibraltar to, i. 92; their negotiations with and support of Columbus, ii. 286; reception of him after his first voyage, 289, 293; his second and third voyages, 295; his arrest and subsequent treatment, 296, 297; their conduct to Ojèda and Nicuesa, 307 Fernandez, Juan: his supposed Antarctic voyage, iii. 276 Ferry‐boats at New York, i. 196, 197 Field, Cyrus W.: his promotion of submarine telegraphy, iv. 98–100 Figuier: on sea‐monsters, i. 31; foraminifera, iv. 112; mussels, 130; oysters, 131; pteropoda, 142 Fiji Islands, iv. 47 Filey, iv. 252 Fins of fish as organs of locomotion, iv. 159 Fire: The Ship on Fire; burning of the “Amazon,” ii. 256, 278–290 Fires in Californian forests, i. 166 Fire‐ships attacking the Spanish Armada, i. 288 Fish‐life: voices of fish; Do fish sleep? iv. 178 Fish, Anatomy of, iv. 159 Fish‐bladder, iv. 159 Fish: salmon in British Columbia, i. 164, 168, 170, 171; cod in Behring Sea, 170 Fish: Dutch fisheries, ii. 23 Fisheries of Cornwall, iv. 215, 216 Fish at Juan Fernandez, i. 34 Fiskernæs, South Greenland, iii. 164 Fitch’s improvements in steam vessels, ii. 85, 89 Fitzjames, Captain, of the _Erebus_, iii. 230 Flags of the World, Naval, ii. 1 Flamborough Head, iv. 251 Floating ice, iii. 125, 130 Floating light‐ships, iv. 244 Flogging in the Navy, i. 51–53 Flying‐fish, i. 80; iv. 162, 164 Fogs: loss of the _Vanguard_, i. 63–67 Fog in the Polar regions, iii. 111, 166, 182, 183, 259 Fog‐horns, or Siren signals, iv. 280 Foraminifera, iv. 111 Forecastle pest‐houses, ii. 121 Forest, Submerged, iv. 199 “Forfarshire,” Wreck of the, iv. 64 Fortifications of Cherbourg, ii. 189; of Portland, 195 Fort Enterprise, Franklin at, iii. 188, 190, 193 Forts and ships of war at Sebastopol, i. 14, 15 Fossil ivory, iii. 162 “Fougueux” taken at Trafalgar, i. 11 “Fox”: the search for Franklin, iii. 215 Franklin, Sir John: his tombstone, iii. 98; Arctic voyages, 166, 168, 178, 189, 190, 191, 193, 195; his last voyage, 204; portrait, 205; memoir, 206; the search for, 207–232; relics found by Dr. Rae, 215; other relics, 227, 229, 231 Franklin, Lady: her advocacy and support of Polar exploration, iii. 92, 93, 98; search for Sir John Franklin, 207, 215, 222 Franz Josef Land, discovered by Lieutenant Payer, iii. 272 Frederick William, Emperor of Germany: Arctic expedition of the “Germania” and “Hansa,” iii. 259 Free‐board of the _Captain_, i. 54 Free Town, Sierra Leone, i. 202, 204 Freezing, The sleepy comfort of: Dr. Kane’s experience, iii. 237 French ironclads, i. 83 French sailors, i. 226 Frobisher, Sir Martin: the Spanish Armada, i. 284, 287; his voyages of discovery, iii. 123, 124, 126; portrait, 128 Frobisher’s Strait, iii. 146 Frost‐bite, iii. 171 Fruit at Shanghai, i. 123; in South Australia, 154 Fulton, Robert: steam navigation, ii. 87–95; submarine boat, 88; “Clermont,” 93; portrait, 95; his torpedoes and torpedo boat, ii. 149, 153 Funeral at sea, ii. 153 Fur‐sealing: Alaska and San Francisco, i. 170, 171 _ Fury_: Arctic voyage, iii. 172, 176 Fusaro, Lake: its oysters, iv. 136

_ Galatea_, Cruise of the, i. 205 “Gallia,” Atlantic steamer, iv. 3 “Gamo,” Spanish frigate, taken by Admiral Cochrane, i. 219 Gann, John: his diving apparatus, iv. 87 Garry Island: Franklin’s flag unfurled, iii. 194 Gasparin, Madame de; her reminiscences of a thunderstorm, iv. 193 Gasteropoda, iv. 139 Gems in Ceylon, i. 119 George II.’s navy, i. 232; laws against wrecking, ii. 237 George IV.; Lukin’s life‐boat, ii. 210 Georgia, Gulf of, i. 166, 167 Géricault’s painting of the raft of the “Medusa,” i. 81, 82 German Arctic expeditions, iii. 258 “Germania,” Arctic exploring ship, iii. 258, 267 Gerritz, Dirk, discovery of Southern Polar land, iii. 277, 278 Gibraltar, Siege of: red‐hot shot, i. 16, 17, 18; view from the mainland, 65; Browning’s lines on the Straits, 87; history of the rock, 88; sieges, _ib._; view of the Neutral Ground, 89; Stephens’s “History of the Place and its Sieges,” 90; first taken by England, 93, 94; Moorish tower, 93; Spanish attempts to regain the place, 94, 95; Sayer’s “History of Gibraltar,” 95, 96; the great siege, _ib._; the rock described, 96; monkeys, 97; Morgan’s attack on, iii. 33, 39 Gibraltar, a town in Venezuela, iii. 20; taken by pirates, 21, 22, 23, 25 Gilbert, W. S.: his operettas, iv. 303 Gilbert, Sir Humphrey: colonisation and trade with America, i. 315; Queen Elizabeth’s patronage and present, 315, 316; voyage to Newfoundland, 316; possession taken, 318; Gilbert’s fate, 317, 319; his advocacy of the discovery of the North‐west Passage, iii. 123, 126 Gilmore, Rev. W.: “Storm Warriors; or, Lifeboat Work,” ii. 217; hovellers and wreckers, ii. 245, 247, 253 Girvan, Private, a diver: his submarine combat with Corporal Jones, iv. 88 Glaciers, iii. 155, 166 Globe‐fish, iv. 162, 164 Globigerina, from the Atlantic, i. 32 _ Gloucester_, Commodore Anson’s ship, ii. 46, 50, 56, 57 Goats in Malta, i. 99 Goat Island, San Francisco, i. 157 Goggles worn in Arctic exploration, iii. 110 Going aloft, i. 97 Gold: in Australia, discovered by Hargreaves, i. 151; iv. 55; in California, i. 158; miners’ vicissitudes, 164; Cariboo mines, British Columbia, i. 163, 164; search for El Dorado, ii. 4, 6; Frobisher’s voyage in search of, iii. 125, 126; voyages of Columbus, iii. 291, 293, 294, 295; of Ojeda, Nino, and De Bastides, 303, 306; taken from Indians by Nicuesa, 311; by Enisco, 314 Gold‐washing, Ancient, at St. Domingo, iii. 293 Golden State and City. (_See_ California, San Francisco.) _ Golden Hinde_: Drake’s circumnavigating ship, i. 308–314; Sir Humphrey Gilbert’s expedition, 318 Goodwin Sands and Life‐boats, ii. 198, 215; wreck of the “Samaritano,” 217–223; “Violet,” 224; “Fusileer,” _ib._; Portuguese brig, 225; other wrecks, 229, 230; loss of the “Effort,” 247; “Albion” lugger‐hovelling: the lugger lost, 248, 249; the sands described, _ib._; map, at low water, 252; rescue of “La Marguerite,” 253; the Sands mentioned by Shakespeare, iv. 294 Gosnold, Captain: first direct voyage to America, ii. 10 Gosse, P. H.: growth of echinoderms, iv. 126; hermit crabs, 154; attractions of the sea‐shore, 191; on the sea coast, 194; enormous Medusæ, 195; sea anemones, 196, 198; rapid influx of the tide, 197; Devonshire coast scenery, 199; spinous cockle, 204 Granada: the Moors in Spain, i. 88, 90; at Gibraltar, 94 Great American Desert, iv. 22 “Great Britain,” ii. 102 “Great Eastern,” i. 13; its tonnage, 232; contrasted with the _Great Harry_, 232, 233; first and subsequent voyages, ii. 134–137; arrival at New York, 136; gale off Cape Clear, 128, 137; its history, _ib._; Brunel and Scott Russell, 130; their portraits, 129; view and launch of the ship, 130–133; laying the Submarine Atlantic Telegraph Cable, iv. 3, 102–110 Great Fish River, iii. 217 _ Great Harry_, i. 275, 282; contrasted with the “Great Eastern,” 233 Greathead’s Life‐boats, ii. 209, 210, 211 “Great Michael,” James IV. of Scotland, i. 281 Great Mogul’s ship taken by Avery, the pirate, iii. 60, 61 “Great Queensland,” blown up, ii. 122 “Great Western” steam‐ship, ii. 101, 106 Grecian ships, i. 261 Greene, Henry: his mutiny against Hudson, iii. 147; killed by natives of Labrador, 148 Greenland, iii. 95; its colonisation, 116, 117; James Hall at, 143; Henry Hudson at, 146; William Baffin at, 149; icebergs, _ib._; change in the ice‐fields, 162; Sir John Ross at, 163; portraits of Esquimaux, 172; a snow village, 173, 174; view of Whale Sound, 233; of Cape Alexander, 249 Greenwich: Peter the Great and Halley, ii. 40 Grinnell, H.: American expedition in search of Franklin, iii. 214; the “Advance” fitted out by him; Dr. Kane’s search for Franklin, 233; Dr. Hayes’s Arctic expedition in the “United States,” iii. 255 _ Griper_: Arctic voyages, iii. 168, 169, 176 Grippe, or mistral, i. 107 Grog, Admiral Vernon (“Old Grog”): his grogram tunic, i. 51 Grog on ship‐board, i. 44 “Grosser Kurfürst,” Loss of the, iv. 238 Grylls, Lieut. R.N., a survivor of the burning of the “Amazon,” ii. 282, 287, 288 Guadaloupe discovered by Columbus, iii. 294 Guano ships, ii. 122, 123 Guard ships, i. 44 Guiana, Raleigh’s expeditions to, ii. 8 Guillemard’s “Over Land and Sea”: Honolulu, Fiji, iv. 47 Gulf Stream, iv. 91 Gulf Stream light‐vessel on the Goodwin Sands, iv. 245 Gulf of Georgia, i. 166, 167 Guns: gunnery of war‐ships. (_See_ Artillery) Guy Fawkes burnt in the Arctic regions, iii. 219 “Gwenissa” wrecked near Tramore, ii. 258; Ronayne’s bravery in saving life, 257–261

Haddock: “Finnan haddies”; fishing in Scotland, iv. 175 Hakluyt’s lines on the British navy, i. 273; on the execution of Doughtie by Drake for mutiny, 307; defeat of the Spanish Armada, 289; slave‐trade, 297; on early voyages of discovery, iii. 119 Haliburton, Judge: erection and history of the town of Halifax, i. 199 Halibut, or Holibut, iv. 175 Halifax, Nova Scotia, i. 198; the town, harbour, lighthouses, _ib._; history, 199; “Blue Noses,” _ib._ Hall, Captain Basil, R.N.: “Life in Chili,” i. 174; electrical phenomenon at Cape Horn, 176; sharks, iv. 160 Hall, Captain C. F., his Arctic expedition in the “Polaris,” iii. 268; his death and funeral, 268, 269 Hall, James: attempt to discover the North‐west Passage, iii. 143, 149 Halley’s diving‐bell, iv. 81 Hamilton, Bermuda, i. 187, 188 Hammerhead, iv. 162 Hannay, James, on wasteful expenditure in naval construction, i. 47 Hanno’s voyage to Africa, i. 259 “Hansa,” Arctic exploring ship, iii. 258, 260; sinking of the ship, 261, 262; the crew in a coal‐house on an ice‐raft, 257, 260, 263; breaking up of the floe, 265; eight months on the ice‐raft, 266 Hardy, Captain, at the Battle of Trafalgar, i. 10 Hargreave, E. H.: his discovery of gold in Australia, i. 151, 153 Harpa, a univalve shell, iv. 145 Harris, Corporal: his diving exploits, iv. 87 Hartstene, Captain: his search for and meeting with Dr. Kane, iii. 254 Harvey, Captain, of the _Téméraire_, at Trafalgar, i. 10 Harvey, Captain: his torpedo, ii. 153, 155 Harwich, iv. 247, 248 Hastings, iv. 236; battle of Hastings, _ib._ Havana, i. 184; slave labour, 185 Hawaian Islands. (_See_ Sandwich Islands.) Hawkins, Sir John: the Spanish Armada, i. 284; his ships; capture of slaves, 295–301; his high‐handed trading, 297; coat of arms, 298; portrait, 300; action at St. Juan de Ulloa, 301 Hayes, Dr.: his sufferings in Dr. Kane’s expedition, iii. 240, 241; his Arctic expedition in the “United States,” iii. 255 Hayti discovered by Columbus, iii. 291; its early history, 205 Heard Island, i. 34 _ Hecla_: Arctic voyages, iii. 169, 170 Heemskirk, Gibraltar attacked by, i. 92 Hegemann, Captain: Arctic expedition of the “Hansa,” iii. 257, 259, 267 Héhaux, Brittany, Lighthouse, ii. 178 Hemans, Mrs.: lines on shipwrecks, ii. 296; her “Casabianca,” iv. 299 _ Henri Grace de Dieu_. (_See_ _Great Harry_.) Henry V., his fleet, i. 273 Henry VII.: Acts for regulating the Navy, i. 277 Henry VIII.’s navy, i. 232, 273, 282; royal navy first established, 275; encouragement of voyages of discovery, iii. 119, 120; iv. 288 Hepburn, a sailor in Richardson’s Arctic expedition; his heroism,