CHAPTER I

_Background and Organization_

I. INTRODUCTION 19 1. History of Norway (brief sketch) 19 2. Geographical features 22 3. National characteristics, aims and ideals 25

II. DIFFERENTIATION OF SCHOOLS 28 1. Primary school--rural and city 28 2. Secondary 30 3. The University and other schools 32

III. DISTRIBUTION OF SCHOOLS AND PUPILS 34 1. Primary--rural and city 34 2. Secondary--middle school and gymnasium 41 3. Teachers' Seminaries 41 4. The University 41 5. Private schools 43

IV. PUPILS 44 1. Age in primary schools, secondary schools and teachers' seminaries 44 2. Comparisons with America in equipment and time spent in school 50 3. Specialization 51

V. ORGANIZATION--Relation to state, commune and city 51 1. The state department and its divisions 51 2. Units of organization 53 3. The school board and school committees 56 4. City superintendent (_Inspector_) and ward principles (_Overlaererer_) 60 5. Private citizens a factor 61 6. Financial support of schools 62

VI. BUILDINGS AND GROUNDS 64 1. General character of buildings 64 2. Equipment 64 3. Playgrounds 69 4. Homes for principals and teachers 70

VII. GENERAL FEATURES OF INNER ORGANIZATION 71 1. The teaching staff 71 2. Plan of instruction 72 3. Gymnastics 74 4. Lunches 75 5. School discipline 76 6. Attendance 77 7. Health 77