Chapter 8

The _Treble_ is the whole _Hunt_, as in the former, and leads four times, and lyeth behind as many, and twice in every other place; the two _Bells_ in the 3d. and 4th. places continue dodging, when the _Treble_ moves out of the 4th. place, until it comes down there again, and then the two hindmost dodge, till the _Treble_ displaceth them; who maketh every double _Change_, except when it lieth behind, and then the double is on the four first, and on the four last when it leads. Every single (except when the _Treble_ lies there) is in the 5th. and 6th. places; or if possessed by the _Treble_, then in the 3d. and 4th. places: Every _Bell_ (except the _Treble_) lies four times in the Second place: But enough; a word is enough to the Wise. See it here Deciphered.

123456 | ------ | 452136 | 165432 | 126534 | 156432 213465 | 452163 | ------ | 126543 | _bob._ 213456 | 451236 | 143652 | ------ | 165423 231465 | 451263 | 143625 | 154263 | 165432 231456 | 415236 | _bob._ | 154236 | ------ 234165 | 415263 | 134652 | 152463 | 132654 234156 | 145236 | 134625 | 152436 | 132645 243516 | 145263 | ------ | ------ | 136254 245316 | 142536 | 162345 | 143526 | 136245 243561 | 142563 | 162354 | 143562 | ------ 245361 | ------ | 163245 | _bob._ | 124365 423561 | 156423 | 163254 | 134526 | 124356 425361 | 156432 | ------ | 134562 | 123465 423516 | _bob._ | 125634 | ------ | 123456 425316 | 165423 | 125643 | 156423 | ------

This will go _Six-score Changes_, but by making _bobs_, it will go 240, 360, or 720. The _Bob_ is a double _Change_ at the leading of the _Treble_, in which the _Bell_ in the 4th. place lyeth still.

London Nightingale.

_Doubles_ and _Singles_.

The Whole-hunt is the _Treble_, who lyeth four times before, and as many behind, and twice in every other place: The two hind _Bells_ continue dodging, when the _Treble_ moves down out of the _Fifth_ place, till he comes there again, the _Bell_ in the _Fourth_ place lying still all the while: When the two hind _Bells_ aforesaid leave dodging, then the two _First Bells_ take their dodging places, till dispossessed again, by the return of the said Hind _Bells_ to their dodging; and then they Cease.

123456 | ------ | 425316 | 162534 | 142365 | 164532 213465 | 452136 | ------ | 124356 | _bob._ 213456 | 452163 | 153624 | 124365 | 165423 231465 | 451236 | 153642 | ------ | 165432 231456 | 451263 | _bob._ | 136245 | ------ 234165 | 415236 | 156324 | 136254 | 143652 234156 | 415263 | 156342 | 163245 | 143625 243516 | 145236 | ------ | 163254 | _bob._ 423516 | 145263 | 134562 | ------ | 146352 243561 | 154236 | 134526 | 125634 | 146325 243561 | 154263 | _bob._ | 125643 | ------ 423561 | ------ | 135462 | 152634 | 132465 245361 | 126543 | 135426 | 152643 | 132456 425361 | 126534 | ------ | ------ | 123465 245316 | 162543 | 142356 | 164523 | 123456

This will go 120, and by making _Bobs_, 240, 360, or 720.

_College Bobs._

In this _Bob_, when the _Treble_ leaves the two Hind _Bells_, they dodge till it comes there again, and till the _Treble_ gives way for the dodging again of the said two Hind _Bell_, the two _First Bells_ dodge, but after Cease dodging, when the two Hind _Bells_ dodge.

123456 | ------ | 243651 | 421635 | 152364 | 165324 214365 | 426315 | 246153 | 135246 | _bob._ 124356 | 462135 | 241635 | 153246 | 156342 213465 | 641253 | 426153 | ------ | ------ 231456 | 642135 | 462513 | 126543 | 132546 324165 | 461253 | _&c._ | 125634 | 135264 321456 | 416235 | 165432 | ------ | ------ 234165 | 142653 | _bob._ | 164235 | 124365 243615 | 412635 | 156423 | 162453 | 123456 426351 | 146253 | ------ | ------ | ------ 246315 | 142635 | 143526 | 143652 | 423651 | 416253 | _bob._ | _bob._ | 246351 | 146235 | 134562 | 134625 | 423615 | 412653 | ------ | ------ |

_Another._

Here, every _Bell_, when it comes to lead, makes a dodge before, then after one _Change_, it lyeth still; after it has made another dodge, it moves up into the 4th. place, where twice it lyeth still; and down again; except the _Treble_ happens to dodge with it in the 4th. place, then it hunts up behind. When the _Treble_ moves down out of the _3d_. place, the two _Bells_ in the _3d._ and _4th._ place continue there, till the _Treble_ comes up thither again, the two hind _Bells_ dodging in the mean time.

123456 | ------ | 265314 | 132564 | 135426 | 164352 214365 | 625341 | 315246 | ------ | ------ 124356 | 263514 | 351426 | 153246 | 146532 213465 | 236154 | 534162 | 152364 | _bob._ 231645 | 321645 | 351462 | ------ | 164523 326145 | 236145 | 534126 | 125634 | ------ 231654 | 321654 | _&c._ | 126543 | 146253 326154 | 312564 | 153624 | ------ | 142635 362415 | 135246 | _bob._ | 162453 | ------ 634251 | 315264 | 135642 | 164235 | 124365 364215 | 132546 | ------ | ------ | 123456 632451 | 135264 | 153462 | 146325 | ------ 623541 | 312546 | _bob._ | _bob._ |

Both these _bobs_ will go _One Hundred_ and _Twenty Changes_, and by making of _bobs_, they will go, 240, 360, or 720. And thus with little Variation, there are other _bobs_ may be made after the same manner, and afford as Admirable Musick, as possibly can be made on _Bells_. I shall therefore hasten to finish this days Work, only first present you with this one more called,

The City Delight:

_Doubles and Singles._

The whole _Hunt_ is the _Treble_, and lieth as before in the _Nightingale_: When the _Treble_ moves out of the _3d._ place, the _Singles_ are made in the _2d._ and _3d._ place, till the _Treble_ repossesses his _3d._ place, and then behind, till it moves up again out of the _3d._ place. The two hind _Bells_ dodge, when the _Treble_ moves out of the _4th._ place, till he returns again; the _Bell_ in the _4th._ place lying still all the while.

123456 | 264351 | 154362 | 162534 | 143265 ------ | 265413 | _bob._ | 162543 | 143256 213465 | 256413 | 153426 | 126534 | 134265 213456 | 265143 | 153462 | 126543 | 134256 231465 | 256143 | ------ | ------ | ------ 231456 | 251634 | 156234 | 124365 | 135642 234165 | 251643 | 156243 | 124356 | 135624 234156 | 215634 | 165234 | 142365 | _bob._ 243156 | 215643 | 165243 | 142356 | 136542 234615 | 125634 | ------ | ------ | 136524 243615 | 125643 | 164352 | 145623 | ------ 243615 | 152634 | 164325 | 145632 | 132465 246351 | 152643 | _bob._ | _bob._ | 132456 264351 | ------ | 163452 | 146523 | 123465 246531 | 154326 | 163425 | 146532 | 123456 | ------ |

This will go as many _Changes_ as the last mentioned, by making _Bobs_. And here I will shut up this days Peal upon Six _Bells_ with

The Evening Delight.

_Doubles_ and _Singles_.

The Whole _Hunt_ is the _Treble_, and lyes as before specified, with this exception only: That it dodges in the _2d._ and _3d._ places, every time it _Hunts_ up, and down. Observe when _Treble_ goes to lead, and leaves of leading, the _Bells_ in the _3d._ and _4th_ places lye still, _&c._ Note the pricking this _Peal_.

123456 | ------ | 254163 | 164235 | 145326 | 156324 213465 | 245163 | ------ | 154326 | _bob._ 231465 | 241536 | 162453 | ------ | 165342 213645 | 214536 | 126453 | 153462 | 156342 231645 | 241356 | _bob._ | 135462 | ------ 236154 | 214356 | 162435 | 153642 | 153624 263154 | 124365 | 126435 | 135642 | 135624 236514 | 142365 | ------ | ------ | 153264 263514 | 124635 | 124653 | 136524 | 135264 265314 | 142635 | 142653 | 163524 | ------ 256341 | ------ | 124563 | _bob._ | 132546 265431 | 146253 | 142563 | 136542 | 123546 256431 | 164235 | ------ | 163542 | 132456 254613 | _bob._ | 145236 | ------ | 123456 245163 | 146253 | 154236 | 165324 | ------

This Peal will go 120 _Changes_, and by making _Bobs_, as many as above.

Note that in all the foregoing Peals upon _Six Bells_, the _Bobs_ are double _Changes_, and made always at the leadings of the _Whole-Hunt_. He that Rings the _Half-Hunt_, may best call _Bob_ in all Peals.

I come now to the _Changes_ upon Seven _Bells_, which though the seldom Practice of them might excuse my omitting them; yet, because I promised to say somewhat of them, I shall be as good as my Word, (the Character of an Honest man) and present you with a couple of Examples, and then proceed to _Peals_ upon _Eight_: But this I must crave leave to premise, That Variety of _Changes_ may be prick'd upon Seven _Bells_, as _Triples_, and _Doubles_, _Triples Doubles_, and _Single Doubles_, &c. and the same Methods may be prick'd upon _Seven_, as may be upon _Five_, the true difference of Proportion being observed; but to proceed.

_Dodging Triples._

_Triples_ and _Doubles_, and indeed all _Peals_ upon Six, may likewise go upon Seven _Bells_, thus,

1234567 | ------- | 2143576 | 4523671 | 3514276 2415367 | 5432761 | 3152467 4251376 | 4523716 | 1325476 4523167 | 5432176 | 1352746 5432617 | 5341267 |

Plain Triples.

1234567 | ------- | 2143657 | 6745231 | 3517264 2416375 | 7654321 | 3152746 4261735 | 7563412 | 1325476 4627153 | 5736142 | 6472513 | 5371624 |

In this all the Bells have a Hunting _Course_.

_College Triples_, dodging before, and behind,

1234567 | ------- | 2143576 | 2467315 | 4176235 2415367 | 4276135 | 4712653 4251376 | 2471653 | 7421635 2453167 | 4217635 | 4726153 4235617 | 4126753 | 7462513 2436571 | 1462735 | 4765231 4263751 | 1467253 |

This Peal thus prick't, will go, 84 _Changes_, and the _Treble_ leading, and the _Half Hunt_ lying next it, and a parting _Change_ (which is a double on the four middlemost of the Six hind _Bells_) being made, it will go 420, and by making _Bobs_ 5040.

Thus much shall suffice for _Peals_ upon Seven _Bells_, I proceed to _Changes_ upon _Eight_.

_Peals of Eight Bells._

Without amusing our selves with what Notes are most _Musical_, to _lye behind_, we will come to the matter of Fact; for those Methods of _Peals_ that are prick'd on _six_, may be the same upon _Eight_, Observing only, that _Triples_ and _Doubles_ upon _Six_, must be _Quadruples_, and _Triples_ upon _Eight_.

The Imperial Bob.

_Quadruples_ and _Triples_.

The _Treble_ hath a dodging _Course_, the two first, and two last _Bells_ always dodge, till hindered by the _Treble_, the two next to these, lying still one _Change_, dodge the next, till the _Treble_ hinders them too, Those in the 5th. and 6th. places dodge (the _Treble_ being behind) and those in the 3d. and 4th. places likewise dodge (the _Treble_ being before) and so till hindered by the _Treble_.

12345678 | -------- | 42361875 | 16847253 | 14283675 21436587 | 24368157 | 16482735 | -------- 12346578 | 42631875 | -------- | 18645273 21436587 | 24613857 | 18765432 | 18462537 24136578 | 42168375 | _bob._ | -------- 42315687 | 24618357 | 17864523 | 16587432 24135678 | 42163857 | -------- | _bob._ 42316587 | 41268357 | 16573824 | 15684732 24361578 | 14623875 | _bob._ | -------- 42635187 | 41263857 | 15678342 | 18753624 24631578 | 14628375 | -------- | _bob._ 42365187 | 14263857 | 17352648 | 17856342 24635817 | 41628375 | 17536284 | -------- 42368571 | 14268357 | -------- | 15372846 24365817 | 41623875 | 13274586 | 15738264 42638571 | 46128357 | 13725468 | -------- 24365871 | 64213875 | -------- | 13254768 42638517 | 46123857 | 12438765 | 13527486 24635871 | 64218375 | 12347856 | -------- 42368517 | 46281357 | -------- | 12436587 24638157 | _&c._ | 14826357 | 12345678 --------

By this method the Peal will go 224 Changes, and by making of _Bobs_ it will go 448, 672, 1344. The _Bob_ is a _Triple_ Change at the leading of the _Treble_, wherein the Bell in the _Fourth_ place lies still.

The next that comes to our Observation, and answers to what we first hinted at in the beginning of this discourse of _Peals_ upon _Eight_ Bells, I mean _Precedency in Title_, is the

Bob Major.

_Plain Quadruples_ and _Triples_.

In this all the _Bells_ have a direct _Hunting Course_, until the _Treble_ leads, and then the six hindmost _Bells_ dodge.

12345678 | -------- | 21436587 | 86745231 | 35172846 24163857 | 87654321 | 31527486 42618375 | 78563412 | 13254768 46281735 | 75836142 | 31527486 64827153 | 57381624 | 68472513 | 53718264 |

By this method this will go 112. And by making _Bobs_, 224, 336, or 672. The _Bob_ is a _Triple Change_, as in the foregoing _Imperial_ is specified. By making two _Extreams_, it will go 1344, and with four _Extreams_, 2688.

All Peals upon Six Bells, wherein half the Changes are _Triples_, will go upon _Eight_ according to the method before-going, thus; If it be a Peal upon Six consisting of 360, or 720 Changes, then there must be five _Hunts_ in the Ringing of it upon _Eight_, the _Treble_ being the first, 2 the Second, _&c._

College Bob Major.

_Quadruples_ and _Triples_.

There is four ways of pricking these. The first hath single Dodging behind, and is thus Peal'd.

The First.

12345678 | -------- | 21436587 | 56348271 | 78136524 24163578 | 53684721 | 71863542 42615387 | 35867412 | 17685324 46251378 | 38576142 | 16758342 64523187 | 83751624 | 65432817 | 87315642 |

The Second.

This hath Single Dodging before and behind, thus prickt.

12345678 | -------- | 21436587 | 42358671 | 42173865 24163578 | 24385761 | 41237856 42615387 | 42837516 | 14328765 24651378 | 24873156 | 13482756 42563187 | 42781365 | 24536817 | 24718356 |

The Third.

This hath double Dodging behind, thus Prickt.

12345678 -------- | 21436587 | 63548271 | 78153624 24135678 | 65384721 | 71856342 42316587 | 56837412 | 17583624 43261578 | 58673142 | 15786342 34625187 | 85761324 | 36452817 | 87216342 |

The Fourth.

This hath double Dodging before and behind both, thus.

12345678 -------- | 21436587 | 42638571 | 42167358 24135678 | 24368751 | 41263785 42316587 | 42637815 | 14627358 24361578 | 24367185 | 16423785 42635187 | 42631758 | 24365817 | 24613785 |

These may be prick't several other ways, but that I Omit here for Brevities sake; The _Dodging_ is without Intermission, except an hinderence comes by the _Treble_; as likewise between two Bells, until _Treble_ parts the Fray. The _Bobs_ are _Triple Changes_, as the _Treble_ leads; in the _1st._ _2d._ and _6th._ the Bell in the _4th._ place lies still at the _Bobs_, and in the _3d._ _4th._ and _5th._ that in the _2d._ place lies still.

Each of these will go 112 Changes, and by making _Bobs_ 224, 336, or 672.

College Triples Dodging both before and behind.

This Peal is the same for _Bobs_, as the _Bob Major_, and will go as many Changes by making _Bobs_, or otherwise, as any of the foregoing Four, and is thus Peal'd.

12345678 | -------- | 21436587 | 42568371 | 42157836 24153678 | 24586731 | 41275863 42513687 | 42587613 | 14725836 24531678 | 24578163 | 17452863 42536187 | 42571836 | 24563817 | 24517863 |

The Wild-Goose Chase

_Triples._

The Explanation shall follow the Peal; intending here to put an end to my _Epitome_ of the _Art of Ringing_, and therefore shall first present you with this Prick't thus.

12345678 | | -------- | | 21536784 | 37625481 | 15327684 25163748 | 73265418 | 13572648 52613784 | 72356148 | 31752684 56231748 | 27531684 | 37125648 65327184 | 25713648 | 73215684 63572814 | 52173684 | 72351648 36758241 | 51237648 |

In this Change the 4th. Bell must first hunt up into the Sevenths place, and then the 4 and 8 always dodge behind throughout the Peal, unless when obstructed by the _Treble_. The Bell that moves up into the 6th. place, when the _Treble_ moves thence down, lies still there, till displaced by the _Treble_; during which time the two hind Bells dodge, and the _five first_ go a perfect _Hunting-course_: And when likewise the _Treble_ moveth out of the 5ths. place the five first Bells go a _Hunting-course_, till it comes down there again: By this method it will go 80 changes, and by _Bobs_ 160, 240, or 480. The _Bob_ is made as in the foregoing Changes.

And here I thought to make an end of the _Art of Ringing_, but _Cynthius aurem vellit_, the young Practitioner, whose only Information is hereby aimed at, plucks me by the Sleeve, and tells me in the Ear, that tho' Peals upon six, as _Triples_ and _Doubles_, &c. make excellent Musick upon Eight _Bells_, 4 8, 6 8, 4 1, or 1 8 lying behind: Or, _Triples_ and _Doubles_ upon the six middle Bells, the _Tenor_ lying behind; yet for him who is not arrived to such a perfection of Skill, as to Ring these compleat Peals, the most proper and easy for him are _Set-changes_, which are founded on these _Grounds_.

First, _Placing the Bells Fifths_; thus the 4 must hunt up behind the 7, the 3 behind the 6, and the 2 behind the 5; or the one may Hunt down under the other, as the 5 under the 2, the 6 under 3, and 7 under 4: Or if you will, first let a _Single_, next a _Double_, and then a _Triple_ Change be made on the middle _Bells_, all coming to the same effect; for then the Changes will lye _Fifths_ thus: 1 5, 2 6, 3 7, 4 8. In the Peal four _Concords_ are to be regarded, The first 1 5, the Second 2 6, the third 3 7, and the fourth 4 8.

These four _Concords_ may go the Methods of any Changes upon four _Bells_; 1, 5 being taken for the _Treble_; 2, 6 for the _Second_; 3, 6 for the _Third_; and 4, 8 for the _Fourth_; and the _Concords_ may Change places with one another, as you lift. In which this Observation is highly necessary, that the two Notes of every _Concord_ must constantly attend each other in their Motion; that is, whenever one of the two Notes moves, the other must follow it.

Or Secondly, _Place the Bells Thirds_; thus: The 6 4 and 2 must hunt up, or else the 3 5 7 down; or otherwise on the middlemost _Bells_ let a _Triple_, _Double_ or _Single_ Change be made, are to one effect; and then the _Bells_ will lye _Thirds_ thus, 1 3. 5 7. 2 4. 6 8. Herein are four _Concords observable_; as in the former Peal, _viz._ 1 3. 5 7. 2 4. 6 8. These _Concords_ may go the Methods of any Changes upon Four _Bells_, 1, 3 being taking for the _Treble_, 5, 7 for the Second; 2, 4 for the Third; and 6, 8 for the Fourth; moving in the same manner; as before shewed.

By these _Grounds_ Variety of excellent and Musical Changes are to be Rung; _any Concord may be made a Hunt_, and to move up and down at the beginning.

In Ringing these _Set-changes_, the Note will lye sometimes _Fifths_, sometimes _Thirds_ and both, and then to _Clam_ them, is admirable Musick: Clamming is, when each _Concord_ strike together; which being done true the 8 will strike as but four _Bells_, and make a Melodious Harmony. You may _Clam_ two or three bouts, and then strike as many times Open, alternatively, one _Clam_ one Pull, and Open the next, &c.

Vocal Musick: _Or, Plain and Easy Directions to Sing by Notes, wherein with a little Help, any one who is Musically given, may be perfected in a short time_.

Musick, especially Vocal, has been of such high Esteem in all Ages, that it is accounted no less than a Divine Science producing such Concordance, and Harmony, that it cheereth and rejoyceth the Hearts of Men, and is delightful to every Creature. It is certainly an Addition to the joy in Heaven, where the Saints and Angels sing Halleluja's and Songs of Praises before the Throne of God. St. _Austin_ tells us, that it is the Gift of God to Men, as well as to Angels, and a Representation and Admonition of the sweet consent and Harmony which his Wisdom hath made in the Creation and Administration of the World. But not to Prologue on what everywhere so much commends it self, I shall Sum up what in that Nature is expedient in a few Verses, and so proceed to the Subject Matter, _viz._

_Nature, which is the vast Creations Soul, That steady curious Agent in the whole, The Art of Heaven, the Order of this Frame Is only Musick in an other Name: And as some King Conquering what was his own Hath choice of various Titles to his Crown, So Harmony on this Score now, that then, Yet still is all that takes and governs Men: Beauty is but Composure, and we find Content is but the Concord of the Mind; Friendship the Unison of well tun'd Hearts, Honour the Chorus of the noblest Parts. And all the Worlds good on which we can reflect Is Musick to the Ear, or to the Intellect._

There are to make up a Musical Harmony computed seven Notes; now in the easiest way expressed by the Seven letters of the Alphbet, _viz._ A. B. C. D. E. F. G. And If it so fall out, that a Voice or Musick gradually rise or fall more than Seven Notes; The subsequent 8th, 9th, or 10th, will in the same order proceed, bearing the like Relation each to the other, as the 1st. 2d. 3d, _&c._ to which they respectively are _Eights_. And so that from hence every Eighth Note, being in Nature alike, is called by the name of that to which it is in an Eighth; however above or below it; and for the better understanding the various Musical Compositions out of these Notes, Musicians have devised and make use of Lines and Characters, that as a Language they may be understood and Communicated by Book, for the Instruction of the unlearned: As in the following Introductory Example, you will perceive;

In this example, before I come nearer to particulars in general, observe first, that those Characters you observe at the beginning of the Lines, are termed Cliffs or Claves, Keys to open and signify what part or pitch of Voice, _viz._ the _Treble_, _Mean_, or _Basse_ properly the Notes belong to; as likewise on what Line or Space the Seven letters expressing the Notes is placed. And then again, the five Lines and Spaces between them are useful, as Steps or Gradations whereon the degrees of Sound are to be expressed, or the Notes ascending and descending: Then Thirdly, the Characters placed on the five Lines, express the Notes themselves, or stand for them; and their difference in form, signify their quality, whether they be longer or shorter.

Your care must therefore be in this, and the Chapters following, to consider well in the first place, the _Gam-ut_, to learn the use of the Cliffs: Next to that, the Names of the Lines and Spaces, whereby you may readily know how to call a Note, as it stands on any of the Lines; and Thirdly, How you should Sing those Notes in right Tune, as well by degrees, as leaps; and last of all, to give each Note its due Quantity of Time.

This in general, being observed, and seriously weighed; that you may take a prospect of your task, I from it proceed to the _Gam-ut_, so far as I think necessary to my present design, which is to let you understand by it the use of the Cliffs, with the order and distances of the Notes, as the Parts in a Body lye together.

The consistence of this Scale is of Eleven Lines, with the Intermediate Spaces, and contains the places of all the Notes that are made use of Ordinarily in Vocal Musick. In the first Column you will find placed the Old Notes, being set down, that you may see what they are. And in the Second Column you are shewed which of the Seven letters properly belongs to each Line and Space. The Third Column contains the Cliffs, or signed Keys, demonstrating how many degrees of Notes they are one above another, which once Circumspectly observed and known, the other degrees of Distance are with more ease computed. And here

Five of these Lines, with their Spaces, are usually sufficient for the pricking down any Tune, for which reason this Scale is divided into Three Parts or Staves, compassed in with Arched Lines; and of these the lowermost five are proper and belonging to the _Bass_, and are known by this mark [Symbol: Bass Clef] on the Line of _F_. usually, therefore called the _F. Fa-ut_ Cliff or Key; because it opens to us the letters standing on the other Lines and Spaces, as in the ensuing Chapter will appear. As for the uppermost five Lines, they contain the highest of the Notes, and so belong to the Treble or highest Part. The Key to which is marked in this manner, [Symbol: G clef] and sometimes _G S._ on the lower Line but one.