Chapter 6

This may be done three ways, first with the single Step, the same way you approach with it, only whereas in approaching with the single Step you lift your Right-foot first, here you must lift your Left-foot first, and the rest observe, as in the Approach with the single Step.

The second is, that with the double Step, and is done the same way as in the Advance, only in approaching you throw your Left-foot before Right, when in retiring you must throw your Right-foot backward behind your Left; and the rest is done as in Advancing with the double Step.

The third is done by a sudden jump backwards on the strait Line, with both your Feet in the Air at once, but you must lift your Right-foot first, and after your jump is done, stand to your Guard again, unless you find occasion to redouble your jump to be farther out of reach.

Lesson 3. _Of giving in the Thrust._

To Thrust or make an Elong, observe (when you stand to your Guard, and your Adversary be within your Measure) that your Sword be as you please, either within or without your Adversaries Sword, and suppose within, then stretch out your Right-arm, and Step forward with your Right-foot as far as may be, keeping the Point strait forwards, and let the Motion of your Arm begin a thought before you move your Foot, so that the Thrust may be given home before your Adversary can hear your Foot touch the Ground; and when you are at your full stretch, keep your Left-hand stretched, and ever observe to keep a close Left-foot, which must be done by keeping your Left-heel and broad side of your Foot close to the Ground, without any drawing it after you, for keeping a close Foot is one of the chiefest things to be observed in this Science. When you give in your Thrust throw your Left-hand behind you, or so place it on your Left-side, that your Sword and both your Arms may make a strait Line from your Adversary. This must be when you design not to make use of your Left-hand for a Parade, but if you do, then in the very time of giving in your Thrust, throw your Left-arm forward as far as you can, without putting the rest of your Body into disorder, turning the Palm from you, by turning your Thumb down, and your little Fingers up, and so Parie your Adversaries Thrust, if you find he will Thrust, upon the same time you make your Thrust, always remembring when you Thrust within the Sword, to do it with your Nails in Quart or upwards, and Quart well your Hand and Shoulder; but when a Thrust is made without the Sword, then give it in with your Nails in Terce or downwards, and keep your Hilt much lower than your Point, and your Head as clear as may be from you Adversaries Sword.

Take notice in all Lessons in which you do not first secure or bind your Adversaries Sword, that you are to Thrust close by the Feeble of his Sword, with the Fort of yours. But there is a difference when you first secure your Adversaries Sword, for after your securing or binding, you quit his Sword, and give a strait home Thrust, without touching it, after it is bound.

In these Rules there is great advantage, as in the Quarting of your Hand, when you Thrust within, the Sword, preserves them from your Adversaries Counter-Temps Thrusts in the Face; so likewise does your Thrusting close by the Feeble of the Sword, and keeping your Hilt lower than the Point, when you Thrust without the Sword, as also the holding of your Head to the contrary side your Adversaries Sword is on, preserve you from Counter-Temps, ever observing as a general Rule; to keep your Head on the contrary side of your Adversaries Sword, on what side soever you Thrust, for this will frequently preserve your Face from being hit.

Lesson 4. _Of Caveating or Disengaging._

In this case, when your Sword is presented within your Adversaries Sword, and you would have it without (keeping your Nails in Quart) slope your Point so low that you may bring it up under the out-side of his. This must be done with the Wrist, and not any Motion of the Arm, because when you Disengage, if the Arm move, your body would be too much discovered; so that your Adversary would have an advantage to give in his Thrust, which he could not do if only your Wrist moved, and this must be done with a sudden Motion; and by this you may learn to slip your Adversaries Sword at pleasure.

Lesson 5. _Feinting or Falsifying_

Of these, there are several kinds, and the first retreat on is _the Ordinary single Feint_; When you are on your Guard, and within your Adversaries Sword, disengage and make your Feint without, which you must do with a beat of your Right-foot against the Ground, just as you disengage, and your Sword on the out-side of your Adversaries, and immediately after, if you perceive him answer your Feint, and offer to Parie, disengage again, and give him the Thrust within the Sword.

Lesson 6. _The Double Feint._

There is a difference between this and the single Feint; for in the single one you must make two Motions, _viz._ With the first you make your Feint, and with the next you give in your Thrust, unless you make your Feint on that side your Sword lyeth, which may be done without disengaging, and is the simplest of all others in all single Feints, it must be given in upon the side your Sword was before you made your Feint; But in the double Feint you are to make three Motions, and the Thrust (unless when you make your first Motion on that side your Sword was presented) is given in on the other side, and not on the side the Sword was just before you began to make your Feint; and to play this, there are two ways, _viz._ When you are within Measure, you must play it one way, and without Measure another way.

As to the first, your Sword being presented within your Adversaries Sword, then disengage and make your first Motion without his Sword, to stand a Thought on it to try whether he will answer you, by offering to proceed to the Parade; if he do not answer, it is useless, but if he do, then presently make your second Motion within his Sword, and your third Motion without it, by giving the Thrust; both these Motions must be done with admirable quickness; at every Motion give a beat with your Foot, and disengage; turning your Nails in Quart.

If you are without distance, make a Motion to see if he will answer your Feint, and if he do begin again, make your first Motion, as within distance, approaching at the same time, and so your second and third.

There is a contrary to these, that is to be observed when your Adversary makes use of them against you, Then you must make use either of the Counter-caveating Parade, or keep your Sword Point immoveable towards his Face that opposes you, your Arm as much stretched out as possible; and when you do so you must recover your Body, by drawing your Right foot close to your Left, stand as it were on Tip-toe, and if for all this your Adversary give a home Thrust, then you must Counter-temps him in the Face, and Parie his Thrust with your Left-hand; or if you perceive him make variety of Feints, then upon every one of them make a half Thrust, which will oblige him to betake himself to the Parade, and so when you please you may take the pursuit, or when he makes variety of Feints, give a plain home Thrust, as smart as may be, and endeavour to defend your self from Counter-temps with your Left-hand, and to prevent them, it is always in this Case best when you give a Thrust, to use your Left-hand.

Lesson 7. _The Single Feint at the Head._

Being within distance you may present your Sword within or without your Opponents Sword, making a Feint or Motion at his Face, if your Sword be presented without, by a little stretching out your Right-Arm, your Nails in Quart, and when you make the Motion, give a little beat with your Right-foot, and if the Feint be answered, then immediately give in your Thrust at his Arm-pit your Head under your Sword-arm, your Left-hand held before you, with the Palm of it looking towards your Right-side, and that part of your Arm, from the Points of your Fingers to your Elbow, must stand in a manner strait upwards, which posture you must ever observe when you give in this Thrust, because in doing it, it defends you from the Thrust of your Adversary, if it be above, and without your Sword; and you may at the same time make a Motion at his Face.

Lesson 8. _Of the double Feint at the Head._

Being within distance, make your first Motion or Feint, as before, at the Face, your second Motion low without your Adversaries Sword, towards his belly; and with the third, give a Thrust without, and above his Sword, your Nails in Quart, marking every motion with your Head, Hands and Feet; and when you make your second Motion, hold your Hand as in the single Feint, and when you give in your Thrust above Sword, you must Quart your Head well, because you must give it in with your Nails in Quart; and by this means your Body will be kept secure within your Sword, when in Terce it would ly open, especially to Counter-temps.

There is a Parying the contrary, either with the Counter-caveating Parade, or by answering every Motion, by what means you will fall to Parie your Adversaries with the first Parade in Terce.

Lesson 9. _Containing the manner of the Feint at the Head on the True Parade._

The contrary to the second Parade is this, and to do it you must make your Motion at your Adversaries Face, and if you imagine he intends to Parie you with the second Counter-caveating Parade, make round his Sword, as it were going a circle about it, and so give a Thrust at his Arm-pit, and with your Left-hand avoid Counter-temps, and being within distance, approach with your first Motion, and in so doing you Caveat his Sword and shun his Parade, or if your Adversary follows your Sword, you may make two or three circles till you find a fit time to let in your Thrust.

Lesson 10. _Of the Low Feint._

When you intend to proceed in this, you must have your Sword without your Adversaries and when it is so, make directly the Second Motion of the double Feint at the Head, and give in the Thrust above, and when you are without distance, make your approach with the Feint, or first Motion; and make in your Thrust with the second. And this may be Paryed, by answering every Motion, or using the Counter-caveating Parade.

The contrary to it, is, when your Adversary is making his low Feint, to take time, and give in the Thrust above his Sword, your Nails in Quart.

Lesson 11. _Of Battery._

This is a kind of a Beat from whence it derives its name, and therefore when you play it you must present your Sword either without or within your Adversaries, if within, and he within your Measure, then keep your Sword half a Foot from his, and when you intend to play, Strike a small stroak on the Edg, and Feeble of your Sword on the Edg, and Feeble of his, and at the same Moment give a Beat with your Foot, which will surprize your Adversary, if not well skilled; if it does not, nor that he answers you by offering to Parie, give a strait home Thrust at his Right-Pap, as you give in a plain Thrust within the Sword, moving the Sword only with your Wrist, and thereby keeping your Body close. If your Adversary offers to answer your stroak, and go to the Parade, then your best way is to slip him, and give in a Thrust without, and above the Sword, or when you perceive him going to Parade, then suddenly slip and make a double Feint on the other side, and Thrust on that side you gave the Beat.

In the contrary of this Parie, with the Counter-caveating Parade, or meet his stroak, and make a half Thrust, which will force him to the Parade; and so you may pursue.

Lesson 12. _Of Volt Coupe._

In this observe to present your Sword within your Adversaries, he being within your Measure; then make a Feint at the Face your Nails in Quart, and upon this give a Beat with your Foot, and carry your Hand well Quarted, and if by offering to Parie, he answers this, and that high, then Thrust at the Belly, your Nails in Terce, and keep your Left-hand as a Guard from Counter-temps; if by Parying low, you are disappointed of this advantage, then after you have made your Feint, instead of a Thrust in the Belly, slip his Parade, and give the Thrust without, and above the Sword; and when you are within distance approach with the first Motion: If your Sword be presented without your Adversaries, you must first then disengage.

The contrary to this is either to Parie his Sword with the second Parade in Quart, or to take time and give your Thrust the way he was to give it in upon you, at the instant he makes his Motion at your Face, or you may pass without his Thrust.

Lesson 13. _Of Binding your Adversaries Sword._

This is the securest Play, and chiefest Mistery in the Art of Fencing, wherefore to do it after you have presented your Sword, either within or without your Adversaries, on a sudden over-lap six or seven Inches of his with eight or ten of yours; and this is sufficient to secure it; but this must be always done with the Edg of the Sword, whether you present it within or without, and immediately after you have bound it, give a Thrust strait home. In this case, always observing to keep a close Left-foot, also to give a Beat with your Foot, and to bind with a Spring, _viz._ Press your Sword almost to the Ground, but stay not with it, but immediately bring it up again and then give the Thrust; and this prevents Counter-temps, and the best Parade against it is, the Counter caveating Parade, and if your Adversary flips your Sword, you must endeavour to bind him within or without the Sword again. You may also put upon him the double or single Feint, or having bound your Sword without, you may give in your Thrust, as in playing the single Feint at the Head.

Lesson 14. _Of the Flancanade._

To do this, when you have presented within your Adversaries Sword, over-lap it with 12 Inches of yours, within eight of his, and give in the Thrust on his Right-flank, on the other side of the Sword, and beneath it your Nails side-ways, throwing forward your Left-hand and turning the Palm from you to keep off Counter-temps in the Belly, and in Thrusting let your Hilt be lower than the Point, which secures his Sword; and note when you lap over to do it with the flat, and not with the Edg as when you bind.

And thus much may serve for an introduction to the learner in the Science of Defence, and therefore for other Lessons, not here set down, I refer him to a Master.

_Of HAWKING._

_Of Hawks there are two sorts._

The Long-Winged Hawks.

_Faulcon_ and _Tiercle-gentle_, _Gerfaulcon_ and _Jerkin_. _Saker_ and _Sakaret_. _Lanner_ and _Lanneret_. _Barbary Falcon._ _Merlin_ and _Jack_. _Hobby_ and _Jack_.

The Short Winged Hawks.

_Eagle_ and _Iron_. _Goshawk_ and _Tiercle_. _Sparrow-Hawk_ and _Musket_.

There are others too of inferiour sort, as,

_Ring-Tail._ _Raven_ and _Buzzard_. _Forked Kite._ _Hen-driver_, &c.

And as the Age of these _Hawks_ is, so we name them, as

The first Year a _Soarage_. The second Year an _Intermewer_. The third Year a _White Hawk_. The fourth Year a _Hawk of the first Coat_.

Thus much for their Names, now we come to speak of the Flights of these _Hawks_; which are these,

The _Faulcon-Gentle_, for _Partridge_ or _Mallard_. _Gerfaulcon_, will fly at the _Herne_. _Saker_, at the _Crane_ or _Bittern_. _Lanner_, at the _Partridge_, _Pheasant_ or _Choofe_ _Barbary Faulcon_, at the _Partridge_ only. _Merlin_ and _Hobby_, at the _Lark_, or any small Bird. _Goshawk_ and _Tiercle_, at the _Partridge_, or _Hare_. _Sparrow-Hawk_, at the _Partridge_ or _Black-Bird_.

And the

_Musket_, at the _Bush_.

Your _Hawk_ watch, and keep from Sleep, continually carrying him upon your Fist, familiarly stroak him with a Wing of some Dead Fowl, or the like, and play with him; Accustom to gaze, and look in his Face with a Loving, Smiling, Gentle Countenance; and that will make him acquainted, and familiar with Men.

Having made him familiar, the next thing is to _Bring him to the Lure_, (which the _Faulconer_ makes of Feathers and Leather, much like a Fowl, which he casts into the Air, and calls the _Hawk_ to) which is after this manner. Set your _Hawk_ on the Perch, unhood him and shew him some Meat within your Fist, call him by _Chirping_, _Whistling_, or the like, till he comes, then Feed him with it; if he comes not, let him Fast, and be sharp set: Short-winged _Hawks_ are properly said to be called, not _Lured_. Make him bold, and acquainted with Men, Dogs, and Horses, and let him be eager and sharp-set, before you shew him the _Lure_, knowing his _Luring_ Hours; and let both sides of the _Lure_, be garnished with warm and bloody Meat; let him likewise know your Voice well; so that being well acquainted with Voice, and _Lure_, the Hearing of the one, or sight of the other, makes him Obedient; which you must reward by Feeding, or punish by Fasting. But before _Luring_ (or any Flight) it is requisite to Bathe your _Hawk_ in some quiet and still shallow Brook, or for want of that in a Large Bason, shallow Tub, or the like, lest being at liberty, you lose your _Hawk_, (whose Nature requires such Bathing) and make him range. Now to make him know his _Lure_, is thus: Give your _Hawk_ to another, and having loosned in readiness his Hood-strings, and fastened a _Pullet_ to the _Lure_, go a little distance, cast it half the length of the string about your Head, still _Luring_ with your Voice, unhood your _Hawk_, and throw it a little way from him; if he stoop and seize, let his plum the _Pullet_, and feed on it upon the _Lure_: Then take him and Meat on your Fist, Hood him and give him the Tiring of the Wing, or Foot of the said _Pullet_.

Having Manned and _Lured_ your _Hawk_ before you bring him to his Flight, one thing is to be observed and done, called in the _Faulconers Dialect_, _Enseaming_, which is to cleanse him from Fat, Grease, and Glut, know by his round Thighs, and full Meutings; and thus you may do it: In the Morning when you feed him, give him a bit or two of Hot-meat, and at Night very little or nothing. Then feed him Morning and Evening with a _Rook_, wash't twice till the Pinions be tender; then give a Casting of Feathers as his Nature will bear; and once in two or three dayes give him a Hens-neck well joynted and washt: Then a quick Train _Pigeon_ every Morning; and after by these and his own Exercise, he has broken and dissolved the Grease, give him three or four _Pellets_ of the Root of _Sallandine_, as big as a Garden Pease, steept in the Sirup of _Roses_; and you have done this part of your Duty.

To Enter your _Hawks_, for _Partridge_ or Fowl, Lay an old Field _Partridge_ in a Hole, covered with something, and fasten to it a small _Creance_ (_i.e._ a Fine small long Line of strong and even-wound Packthread fastned to the _Hawks_ Leash when first Lured,) and uncoupling your ranging Spaniels, pluck off the Covering of the Train _Partridge_ and let it go, and the _Hawk_ after it; and as soon as he has slain it, reward him well with it. And thus to make him fly at Fowl, feed him well with the Train of the Fowl you would have; doing afterwards as above.

The Fault of _Hawks_ differ according to their Nature and Make. Long-Winged _Hawks_ faults are thus helped. If he used to take stand, flying at the River, or in Champaign Fields, shun flying near Trees or Covert, or otherwise, let several Persons have Trains, and as he offers to stand, let him that's next cast out his Train, and he killing it reward him. And indeed you ought never to be without some live Bird or Fowl in your Bag, as _Pigeon_, _Duck_, _Mallard_, &c. If he be Froward and Coy; when he Kills, reward him not as usually, but slide some other Meat under him and let him take his pleasure on it; giving him some Feathers to make him scour and cast. If he be _Wild_, _look not inward_; but mind Check, (_i.e._ other Game, as Crows, &c. that fly cross him) then lure him back, and stooping to it, reward him presently.

The faults of Short-winged _Hawks_ thus are helped. Sometimes the _Goshawk_ and _Sparrow-Hawks_, will neither kill, nor fly the Game to Mark, but will turn Tail to it: Then encourage your Dogs to Hunt, cast a Train _Partridge_ before your _Hawk_, make him seize it, and feed well upon it.

If a Hawk take a Tree, and will not fly at all, feed him then upon quick Birds, and make him foot them, and in the plain Champaign Fields unhood him, and rising up and down awhile let one cast out a Field _Partridge_ before him, let him fly at it, and footing it, feed on it. If they be too fond of a Man, that after a stroke or two will not fly, be seldom familiar with him, and reward him not as he comes so improperly: Otherwise reward him well.

As for _Mewing_ of _Hawks_, the best time for Long-winged _Hawks_ is about the middle of _April_, and _March_ for the Short-winged _Hawks_. There are two kinds of _Mewings_. 1. _At the stock or stone_; so called from its being low upon the Ground, free from Noise, Vermin or ill Air. 2. _At large_; so called from being in a high Room, with open Windows towards the _North_ or _North-East_. The former is accounted the best _Mewing_. The Faulconer, before he _Mews_ his _Hawks_, see if they have _Lice_, to Pepper and Scower them too. The best time to draw the Field _Hawk_ from the _Mew_, is in _June_, and he will be ready to fly in _August_; the _Hawks_ for the River in _August_, will be ready in _September_.

_Cures for Hawks Diseases._

The Faulconer ought diligently to observe the Complexions of his _Hawks Castings_ and _Mewtings_, to judge of their Maladies, an assured sign of knowing whether they are sick or distempered in this. Take your _Hawk_, turning up her Train, if you see her Tuel or Fundament swelleth, or looketh red; Or, if her Eyes or Ears be of a fiery Complexion, it is an infallible sign of her being not well and in good health; and then Scouring is necessary first; which is done by _Aloes Cicatrine_, about the quantity of a Pea wrapt up in her Meat; and this avoids Grease, and kills Worms too.

_For the Cataract_: Take one Scruple of washt _Aloes_ finely beaten, and two Scruples of _Sugar-candy_, mix these together, and with a Quill blow it three or four times a day into your _Hawks_ Eye.

_Pantus_ or _Asthma_: Pour the Oyl of sweet _Almonds_ into a Chickens Gut, well washt, and give it the _Hawk_: Or, scower him with _Sallandine_-Pellets, and Oyl of _Roses_, and then wash his meat in the Decoction of _Coltsfoot_.

_Filanders_ or _Worms_: To prevent them, seeing your _Hawk_ low and poor, give her once a month a Clove of _Garlick_. To cure or kill them; take half a dozen Cloves of _Garlick_, boil them very tender in Milk, dry the Milk out of them; put them into a Spoonful of the best Oyl of _Olives_, and having steept them all Night, give them both to your _Hawk_, when she has cast, in the morning: feed him not till two hours after, and then with warm meat, and keep him warm all that day.

_Lice_: Mail your _Hawk_ in some Woollen Cloth, put between his Head and Hood a little Wool, and take a Pipe of Tobacco, put the little end in at the Tream, blow the smoak, and the _Lice_ that escape killing, will creep into the Cloth: _Probatum_.

_Formica_: Take a little of the Gall of a Bull, and beating it with _Aloes_, anoint the Beak of the _Hawk_, Morning and Evening,

_Frounce_: Take the Powder of _Allume_, reduced to a Salve with strong Wine Vinegar, and wash her mouth with it; then take Juice of _Lolium_ and _Raddish_, mixt with Salt, and anoint the Sore.

_Apoplex_: Gather the Herb _Asterion_, wash your Hawks meat with the Juice thereof when you feed him.

_Wounds_: Take the Juice of _English Tobacco_, or _Mouse-ears_, after you have sticht it up with a little Lint, bathe the place.

_Of BOWLING._