Part 15

Hunt, Helen, 299, 347.

Insects, on the heights, 108, 111.

Jay, Rocky Mountain, 64, 265.

Jordan, Dr. David Starr, 338.

Junco, gray-headed, 115.

Kellogg, Vernon L., 338.

King, Clarence, his "Mountaineering in the Sierra Nevada" quoted, 11.

Lake Agnes, 162.

Lake Mills, 351.

Lake Moraine, 309.

Lake Nanita, 351.

Lake Odessa, 158, 350.

Lakes, made by glaciers, 149-153; beauties of, 154-160; names, 157, 158; ice on, 160; filled by débris and landslides, 161-165; in Rocky Mountain National Park, 350, 351.

Landslides, destruction of lakes by, 162-165.

Leucosticte, brown-capped. _See_ Finch, rosy.

Lewis, Judge Robert E., decision as to scenery, 324-326.

Lion, mountain, a game-hog, 42; pursuing mountain sheep on the heights, 106, 107; killing a herd of deer, 265.

Lizard Head, 176.

Loch Vale, 158, 338.

Long, Stephen H., his expedition, 302.

Long's Peak, guiding experiences on, 3-18; the Narrows, 13; temperature at timber-line, 60; altitude, 102, 336; life on the summit, 102; glacial records about, 338; flowers on summit, 343; view, 347, 348; individuality, 348; geological history, 349.

Magpie, 64, 136.

Mary Lake, 44.

Meadows, glacier, evolution of, 237-239; termination, 239, 240.

Mertensia, 118.

Middle Park, 229-231.

Mills Moraine, 339, 349.

Milner Pass, 345.

Minnehaha Falls, 306.

Montana, the Chinook wind in, 71, 73.

Moose, yarding habit, 262, 263.

Moraine Lake, 157.

Moraine Park, 338, 340.

Moraines, in Rocky Mountain National Park, 339, 340.

Mt. Audubon, 352.

Mt. Clarence King, 336.

Mt. McHenry, 339.

Mt. Meeker, 42; altitude, 348; geological history, 349.

Mt. Orizaba, 59.

Mt. Richthofen, 162.

Mt. Washington (Colo.), 163, 349.

Mt. Wilson, 176.

Mountain-climbing, speed in, 3-6; keeping the party together, 7; quarrels, 7, 8; sickness, 9-11; autocracy of the guide, 12-14; a narrow escape, 15, 16; suggestions to climbers, 18; advantages of, 18, 19.

Mountain-sickness, 5, 6, 9, 14; causes and cure, 10, 11.

Muir, John, quoted, 19, 58, 149, 150.

Mummy Mountain, 335.

Mummy Range, 335.

National Monuments, 318, 319.

National Parks, in Canada, 315, 326, 327; in the United States, 315 note, 318, 319; need of separate management, 320, 326-329; perishable attractions, 321; wild life in, 322, 323; as an investment, 323, 324; development, 326; should be kept separate from Forest Reserves, 326-329; establishment of Yellowstone Park, 329; Rocky Mountain National Park, 335-353.

North Park, 229, 231.

Ophir Loop, 176, 180.

Orton, Dr. Edward L., 338.

Ouray, 171, 172.

Ouzel, water, in winter, 272, 273.

Ouzel Lake, 158.

Paint-brush, 118.

Parks, mountain, their characteristics, 229-232; origin, 233-235; end, 235-237; glacier meadows, 237-240; as camping-places, 240-245.

Parks, National. _See_ National Parks.

Penn, William, 329.

Pika, or cony, 110, 111, 344.

Pike, Zebulon M., 301.

Pike's Peak, situation, 295; altitude, 295; accessibility, 295, 296; view, 296; characteristics, 297; attractions, 297-300; history, 301, 302; climate, 302-305; summit, 305; life zones, 305, 306; bird-life, 306, 307; big game, 307; wild flowers and trees, 308, 309; geology, 309, 310.

Pillars of Hercules, 300.

Pine, limber, 61-63.

Pine, lodge-pole, 125, 126, 140; extension of area, 211; seeding, 211-213; spread dependent upon fire, 213; elements of success, 214; a forest pioneer, 218, 219; hoarding of seed, 219, 220; rapidity of growth, 220, 221; overgrown cones, 221-223; fruitfulness, 223; release of seeds, 223; character of stands, 224; giving way to other species, 225; dependence upon fire, 225, 226; range, 226.

Pine, pitch, 214.

Pine, short-leaved (_Pinus Montezumæ_), 59.

Pine, Western yellow, two stumps, 125, 126; a good fire-fighter, 129; preserved by fire, 140.

Porcupine, 270.

Prospect Dome, 300.

Ptarmigan, 102, 113, 114; in the winter snows, 271, 272; food, 272.

Rabbit, snowshoe, 344.

Rabbits, 270.

Rats, mountain, 137.

Redwood, 128, 130; a forest-fire record, 131-133.

Rocky Mountain National Park, location, area, and topography, 335, 336; geology, 337-340; forests, 341, 342; wild flowers, 342, 343; animal life, 343-345; roads and trails, 345; streams, 346; climate, 346; scenery, 346-350; lakes, 350, 351; accessibility, 352; visitors, 352, 353.

Rocky Mountains, Colorado, scenery of, 313, 314.

St. Vrain Moraine, 339, 349, 350.

San Cristoval Lake, 157.

San Juan Mountains, and return horses, 170, 171.

Scenery, of the Rocky Mountains, 313, 314; conservation and destruction, 314-331; in the United States, 316, 317, 321, 322; a judicial decision, 324-326; and forestry, 327-329; literary and official recognition, 329, 330.

Schneider, Dr. Edward C., quoted, 303-305.

Seven Lakes, 309.

Sheep, mountain, 64; a flock descending a mountain, 23-28; as acrobats, 24; fable as to landing on horns, 28, 29; shape and size of horns, 29, 30; a wild leap, 30-32; accidents, 32, 33; an agile ram, 33-35; hoofs, 35; size, color, and other characteristics, 35, 36; species and range, 36, 37; in winter, 37; excursions to the lowlands, 37, 38; composition of flocks, 38; craving for salt, 38; lambs, 38, 39; near approach to, 40; a ram killed by a barbed-wire fence, 40, 41; the flock on Battle Mountain, 41-46; fights, 44-46; threatened extermination, 46; at high altitudes, 105-107; watching a forest fire, 142; clings to the heights in snowy times, 266, 267.

Shoshone Peak, 339.

Silver Lake, 157.

Silverton, 171.

Snow, on summits of the Rocky Mountains, 103; and animal life, 259-275; a great snow, 268; and the Chinook wind, 269.

Snow-slides, started by dynamite, 79; a prospector outwitted, 79-84; habits, 81; observation of, 84-86; classification, 87-90; coasting on a slide, 91-94; a large slide, 94-97.

Solitaire, Townsend's, 64, 154, 241.

South Cheyenne Cañon, 298-300.

South Park, 229.

Sparrow, white-crowned, 64, 102, 115, 154.

Specimen Mountain, 38, 335, 337, 343, 344.

Sprague Glacier, 153, 337.

"Springfield Republican," quoted, 230, 231.

Spruce, Douglas, 140.

Spruce, Engelmann, 61.

Squirrel, Frémont, or pine, 64, 344.

Squirrels, and deep snow, 270, 271; hibernation, 271.

Stone's Peak, 338, 341.

Storm Peak, 349.

Switzerland, conservation of scenery in, 313-315, 323, 327.

Telluride, 171, 172, 174-176, 183.

Thatch-Top Mountain, mountain sheep on, 23-28.

Thunder Lake, 157, 158.

Timber-line, characteristics of, 49-58; altitude, 50, 59, 60, 101; determining factors, 58, 59; temperature, 60; species of trees at, 60, 61; age of trees at, 61, 62; animal life at, 63, 64; flowers at, 65; impressions at, 65, 66; animal life above, 101, 102, 105-115; flowers above, 116-120.

Trapper's Lake, 157.

Trees, species at timber-line, 60; age at timber-line, 61, 62; resistance to fire, 128-130; methods of reproduction, 214-216; tolerance and intolerance, 216-218; of Pike's Peak, 308. _See_ also Timber-line.

Trout Lake, 157, 176.

Twin Lakes, 157.

Tyndall, John, 18.

Tyndall Glacier, 338.

Wasp, battle with a beetle, 111.

Weasels, above timber-line, 111, 112; and chipmunk, 285.

Wild Basin, 338, 341; description, 350.

Willow, arctic, 61.

Willow, propagation, 215.

Wolves, 266, 268.

Woodchuck, above timber-line, 109.

Woodpeckers, 273.

Yarding, 262-265.

Yellowstone National Park, establishment of, 329.

Zones, life, 305, 306.

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End of Project Gutenberg's The Rocky Mountain Wonderland, by Enos A. Mills