Part 27

Paganism: influence on Christian thought, 349 ff.; service to Christianity, 355 f. Pan, 83, 130. Panaetius, 186 f., 243. Panathenaic festival, 111. Pandora, 36 f. Pantheism, 13, 46, 54, 84 f., 93, 119, 140, 163 f., 192 ff., 268 ff. Parthenon, 110 f., 112. Pathos in Homer, 25, 46. Paul, 161, 302, 311 ff., 348, 349; on Christ’s death and resurrection, 312 f.; dualism, 316; faith, 313 ff.; Holy Spirit, 315 f.; indwelling Christ, 314; salvation, 312 ff. See also Colossians, Corinthians, Ephesians, Galatians, Philippians. Paulus, Julius, 198. Pausanias, 83. Pax Romana, 245, 246, 299. Peloponnesian War, 124, 127, 133. Penates, 228, 237. Pericles, 110, 113 ff., 117 f., 124, 133 f. Persephone, 19, 62 ff., 231, 286. Persian Wars, 82, 83, 109, 117. Pessimism: in Theognis, 77; under Roman Empire, 204 f. Phaedra, 135 f. Pharisees, 304 f., 309. Phidias, 26, 110, 117. _Philippians: Epistle to_, III, 10 f.: 315. Philo of Alexandria, 207, 210 ff., 216, 258, 320, 331, 332, 338, 351. _De alleg. leg._, III, 29 ff.: 214; _quis rer. div. her._ 205 f.: 212; _de somn._, I, 149: 213; _de special. legib._, I, 329: 211. Philo of Larissa, 244. Philoctetes, 101. Philodemus, 93. Philolaus, 55. Philosophers, banished from Rome, 240 f. Philosophic schools at Athens closed, 118. Philosophy: Greek, and Apologists, 328 ff.; beginnings of, 43 f.; Clement’s attitude toward, 342; enemy of traditional religion, 117 ff.; function of according to Plato, 158; influence on Christianity, 302, 317 f., 324 ff., 355 f., 358; influence at Rome, 239 ff.; practical guide of life, 184 ff., 201 f.; reconciliation with Jewish theology, 206 f., 258; and religion, 179 ff.; rival of Christianity, 358; spread to the West, 297. See also Aristotle, Epicureanism, Philo, Plato, Socrates, Sophists, Stoics, etc. Philostratus, 206. φωτισμός φωτίζεσθαι, 353. Pindar, 52, 81 ff., 117, 137; _Isth._, III, 5 f.: 85; V, 13 ff.: 87; VI, 71: 87; _Nem._, VI, 1 ff.: 83; XI, 13 ff.: 87; _Ol._, I, 52: 86; I, 64: 85; II, 63 ff.: 90; X, 3: 85; XIII, 83: 84; _Pyth._, II, 49 ff.: 84; III, 29: 85; III, 78 f.: 83; IX, 44 ff.; X, 49: 84; _Frgg._, 131: 89; 137: 71; 140: 85; 142: 84; 205: 85. Pisistratidae, 48. Pisistratus, 53, 110 f. Plato, 144 ff., 183, 184, 186, 187, 199, 208, 209, 210, 211, 212, 216, 217, 257, 346, 349, 351; ascetic tendencies, 158; on creation, 167 f.; debt to Orphics and Pythagoreans, 156, 160 ff.; debt to Socrates, 146 ff.; doctrine of recollection, 153 f.; dualism, 148; on final fate of soul, 163; goodness as attribute of god, 164; on highest good of man, 156; human reason, 152; ideas, 148 ff.: immortality, 152 ff.; matter, 165 f.; morality, 156 ff., 169; nature of god, 151 f.; and Orphic dualism, 156; pantheism, 163 f.; on problem of evil, 165 ff.; psychology, 155 f.; transmigration of souls, 161 f. _Alc._, II, 149 D ff.: 23; _Apol._, 37 E: 105; _Crat._, 399 f.: 160; 389 f.: 166; _Euth._, 14 E: 23; _Gorgias_, 492 E-493 A: 160; _Laws_, VI, 759: 180; X, 894 B ff.: 153; X entire: 180; XII, 966 E: 153; _Meno_, 81 ff.: 153; _Phaedo_, 63 ff.: 160; 66 E ff.: 159; 72 ff.: 153; 82 f.: 158; 86 ff., 105: 154; _Phaedrus_, 245: 153; 246 f.: 155; 248 f.: 163; _Phil._, 22 C: 152; _Rep._, IV, 427 ff.: 155; IV, 438 A-441 C: 346; VI, 440 E-441 A: 155; VI, 484 ff.: 156; VI, 504: 155; VIII, 550: 155; IX, 580 f.: 155; X, 613: 157; X, 614 ff.: 163; _Statesm_., 272 ff.: 165, 167; _Theaet._, 176: 157, 165, 167; _Tim._, 28 A-29 E, 37 A: 152; 42 ff.: 165, 346; 49 E-52 B: 166; 69-72: 155 f.; 92 C: 152. Plautus, 234. Pliny the Elder, _N. H._, VII, 112: 241; XIII, 84 ff.: 240. Pliny the Younger, _Epist._, X, 96. Plotinus, 207, 209, 215 ff.; _Enn._, I, 2: 219; IV entire, 215; IV, 3, 7, 9: 217; V entire: 215; V, 1: 215, 217, 218; V, 9, 1: 219; VI entire: 215; VI, 9, 3: 215; VI, 9, 11: 219. Plutarch: philosophy of religion, 270; _de aud. poet._, 21 F: 72; _de Is. et Osir._, 67: 270; _C. M._, 22: 241. Pluto, 63 f., 231. Politics, Roman: in relation to religion, 232. Polynices, 97, 104. Pompeii, 262. Pompey, 187, 246, 263. Pontifex maximus, 229. Pontifices, 229. Porphyry, 207, 209, 218, 219; _de abst._, I, 31: 218; _ad Marc._, 32: 218; _vita Plot._, 1 ff.: 218; 23: 215, 220; apud Euseb., _H. E._, VI, 19, 6: 343; VI, 19, 7 f.: 348. Poseidon, 18, 230. Priesthoods, Roman, 229. Proclus, _ad Plat. Tim._, p. 293 C: 69. Prodicus, _Frg._, 5: 128. _Prometheus Bound_, 91 ff. Prometheus, myth of, 36 f. Proserpina, 231. See Kore. Protagoras, 124, 126 f., 128, 151; _Frg._, 1: 127; 4: 128. Providence, 13, 194 f. Prudentius, _Peristeph._, X, 1011 ff.: 289. ψυχή: in Plotinus, 215. Psychology: Aristotelian, 176 ff.; Gnostic, 339; Homeric, 24; Origen’s, 346; Orphic, 55; Platonic, 155; Stoic, 192, 195. Ptolomaeus, _Epist. ad Floram_, 339. Ptolemy Soter, 271 f. Purification, 45. Puteoli, 262, 263, 264. Pythagoras, 60 f., 251. Pythagorean books at Rome, 240. Pythagoreanism, 52, 60 ff., 145, 206, 209, 216, 217, 257, 351.

Quirinus, 226.

Reason, the cosmic, 123, 139 ff. Relativity of knowledge, 126 f. Religion, Greek: of common man, 181 f.; in Athens of fifth century B.C., 112 ff. Religion, Roman, 223 ff. _Renatus_, 277, 289. Repentance, in teachings of Jesus, 306. Revelation, 209, 214, 217, 300, 334 ff., 349, 356 f. Rhetoric, Greek: spread to West, 297. Rhetoricians, Greek: banished from Rome, 241. Roman Empire: characteristics at beginning of the Christian era, 296 ff. _Romans: Epistle to_, VI; VII, 4 ff.: 315; VIII, 10 f.: 314, 315; VIII, 15; XIV, 17: 315. Rome, and Greece, 221 ff.; connection with Troy, 233; political power of, 259 ff. Romulus, 227.

_Sacrati_, 268, 276. Sacrifice: obligation of, 21 ff., 35 f. St. Demetra, 66. Salamis: battle of, 109. Salii, 227. Salvation, 47, 55, 58, 60, 212 f., 274 f., 306 f., 324, 334. Sanctity: ideal of, 209. Samothrace: mysteries of, 71. Saturn, 225, 237. Saturninus, 246. Scaevola, 243, 245. Scepticism, of Sophists, 126 ff. Sceptics, 244. _Scholia Venet. ad Il._, XX, 67: 350. Science: East home of, 297 f. Scipio, 187, 254. Second Punic War, 235, 259. Secular games, 231. Self-consciousness, 8, 21, 41 ff. Seneca, 187, 188, 204, 250 ff.; _de Ben._, III, 18, 2. 20. 28: 198; _Epist._, 11, 8-10; 25, 5. 6: 254; 41, 2: 255; 41, 8: 254; 68, 2: 199; 92, 2 f.: 254; 95, 47-50: 200, 255; 95, 52: 197; 115, 5: 200, 255; _de Ira_, III, 36, 1-4: 251; _de Otio_, 4, 1: 199; _de Vita Beata_, 17: 189, 253. Serapis, 262, 271 f. Seven Wise Men, 43. Shamash, 278. Sibyl: Cumaean, 221. Sibylline Books, 221 ff., 230 ff., 260 ff. Sicilian expedition, 133. Simonides, _Frg._, 61: 76. Socrates, 104 f., 129 ff., 144 ff., 184, 185, 188, 252. Sol invictus, 279. Solon, 41, 79, 81; _Frgg._, 4, 1-16: 79; 13: 79 f.; 13, 31 f.: 81. Sophists, 124 ff., 151, 183, 244. Sophocles, 81, 90 f., 99 ff., 117, 133 ff.; attitude toward gods, 100 f.; concept of divine ordinances, 103 f.; criticism of gods, 100 ff.; and Eleusinian mysteries, 108; on good and evil, 100; life after death, 107 ff.; suffering, 105 ff. _Ai._, 127 ff.: 102 f.; 1343 f.: 104; _Antig._, 450 ff.: 104; 621 ff.: 100; 1347 ff.: 102; _O. C._, 495 ff.: 103; 1267 ff.: 106; 1381 f.: 100; _O. T._, 863 ff.: 103; _Phil._, 446 ff.: 101; 1440 ff.: 102; _Trach._, 1136: 105; _Frgg._, 103: 101; 226: 102, 135; 600: 105; 753: 71, 108. σωφροσύνη, 94, 102. σφραγίς, 353. στέρησις, 166. Stobaeus, Ecl., I, 1, 12: 194; _Flor._, 40, 9: 199. _Stoicorum Veterum Fragmenta_ (_SVF_), I, 175, 176, 537; II, 974 ff.: 194. Stoics and Stoicism, 184 ff., 208, 209, 212, 213, 241, 243 f., 245, 249 ff., 254 f., 335, 350; allegorical interpretation of myths, 203, 350; ascetic tendency, 201; on brotherhood of man, 197 f., 202; and Christianity, 197 f.; cosmopolitanism, 196 ff., 254; eclectic character, 185 ff.; ethics, 187 ff.; on evil, 194 ff.; failure of, 256; on Fate, 194; freedom of the will, 195 f.; όγος σπερματικός, 192; on immanence of god, 193, 203; individualism, 196; missionary impulse, 199; modified by Panaetius and Posidonius, 187 ff.; a moral philosophy, 187 f., on Nature, 191; pantheism, 192 f.; on Providence, 194; psychology, 192, 195; on worship, 199 f., 255. Suetonius, _de Rhet._, 1: 241. Sulla, 246, 263. σύμβολον, 354. Syncretism, 268 ff.

Tarquins, 221, 222, 229 f. Tatian, 328; _Orat._, 5: 331; 5-7: 333; 7 f., 11: 334; 13: 333; 20: 330. Taurobolium, 288 ff. Terence, 234. Tertullian, _Apol._, 37: 358; _adv. Valent._, 17: 323. Thales, 43, 297. Theagenes, 350. Thebes, 50, 72. Theophrastus, 297. Theophilus, _ad Autol._, 2, 15: 323. Theognis, 75 ff.; 165 f.: 76; 167 f.: 77; 171 f.: 76; 319 ff.: 78; 373-380: 80; 383 ff.: 78; 425-431: 77; 583 f.: 77; 731 ff.: 81; 1029 ff.: 78; 1075 ff.: 77. Theogony, of Hesiod, 28 ff. θεός, τὸ θεῖον, in Plato, 164. Theseus, 105. Thomas Aquinas, 171. Thucydides, 113 ff., 124; _Hist._, II, 43-44: 113. θυμοειδές, 155. Thurii, 124. Tibur, 230. _Timothy: 1 Epistle to_, IV, I-3: 352. Tiresias, 139. Titans, 51 f. Transcendence of god, 176, 208 ff., 215 ff., 331 f., 338, 343, 350. Transmigration of souls, 161 f. Trinity, 350. Triumph, 222. Tusculum, 230. Typhon, 272. Tyrannies, 41.

Ulpian, 198. Union with god, 47 ff., 213, 219 f., 300, 314, 317, 322 f., 358. Uranus, 238.

Valentinian I, 66. Valentinus, 336 ff. Varro, 225, 243 f., 245. Vesta, 225, 226, 228, 233. Virgil, 234, 236, 246; _Aen._, VI: 248. Vision of God, 213 f., 219 f., 347, 349. Volcanus, 233. Vows, 227 f.

_Wisdom of Solomon_, 258. Wordsworth, quoted, 154. _Works and Days_, of Hesiod, 30 ff.

Xenophanes, 118 ff., 350; _Frgg._, 11, 14-16, 18, 23-26: 119. Xenophon, apud Stob. _Flor._, 88, 14: 76. Xerxes, 94 f.

Zaleucus, 41. Zama, battle of, 221. Zeno, 185 ff. Zeus, 14 f., 19 f., 26 f., 54, 75 ff., 79, 80, 83, 92 ff., 193 f., 203, 237, 238. Zopyrus, 53.

Transcriber's Notes:

Underscores "_" before and after a word or phrase indicate _italics_ in the original text. Carat symbol "^" designates a superscript. Small capitals have been converted to SOLID capitals. Old or antiquated spellings have been preserved. Typographical errors have been silently corrected but other variations in spelling and punctuation remain unaltered.