CHAPTER VIII

NORTHERN BUDDHISM IN ITS DOCTRINAL EVOLUTIONS, PAGE 225

Four stages of the doctrinal development of Buddhism in Japan.--Reasons for the formation of sects.--The Saddharma Pundarika.--Shastras and Sutras.--The Ku-sha sect.--Book of the Treasury of Metaphysics.--The Jō-jitsu sect, its founder and its doctrines.--The Ris-shu or Viyana sect.--Japanese pilgrims to China.--The Hos-sō sect and its doctrines.--The three grades of disciples.--The San-ron or Three-shastra sect and its tenets.--The Middle Path.--The Kégon sect.--The Unconditioned, or realistic pantheism.--The Chinese or Tendai sect.--Its scriptures and dogmas.--Buddhahood attainable in the present body.--Vagradrodhi.--The Yoga-chara system.--The "old sects."--Reaction against excessive idol-making.--The Zen sect.--Labor-saving devices in Buddhism.--Making truth apparent by one's own thought.--Transmission of the Zen doctrine.--History of Zen Shu.