Chapter 50

TWO CENTURIES OF SILENCE

[Footnote 1: See Diary of Richard Cocks, and Introduction by R.M. Thompson, Hakluyt Publications, 1883.]

[Footnote 2: For the extent of Japanese influence abroad, see M.E., p. 246; Rein, Nitobe, and Hildreth; Modern Japanese Adventurers, T.A.S.J., Vol. VII., p. 191; The Intercourse between Japan and Siam in the Seventeenth Century, by E.M. Satow, T.A.S.J., Vol. XIII., p. 139; Voyage of the Dutch Ship Grol, T.A.S.J., Vol. XI., p. 180.]

[Footnote 3: The United States and Japan, p. 16.]

[Footnote 4: See Professor J.H. Wigmore's elaborate work, Materials for the Study of Private Law in Old Japan, T.A.S.J., Tōkiō, 1892.]

[Footnote 5: See the Legacy of Iyéyasŭ, by John Frederic Lowder, Yokohama, 1874, with criticisms and discussions by E.M. Satow and others in the _Japan Mail_; Dixon's Japan, Chapter VII.; Professor W.E. Grigsby, in T.A.S.J., Vol. III., Part II., p. 131, gives another version, with analysis, notes, and comments; Rein's Japan, pp. 314, 315.]

[Footnote 6: Old Japan in the days of its inclusiveness was a secret society on a vast scale, with every variety and degree of selfishness, mystery, secrecy, close-corporationism, and tomfoolery. See article Esotericism in T.J., p. 143.]

[Footnote 7: Since the abolition of feudalism, with the increase of the means of transportation, the larger freedom, and, at many points, improved morality, the population of Japan shows an unprecedented rate of increase. The census taken in 1744 gave, as the total number of souls in the empire, 26,080,000 (E.J. Reed's Japan, Vol. I., p. 236); that of 1872, 33,110,825; that of 1892, 41,089,910, showing a greater increase during the past twenty years than in the one hundred and thirty-eight years previous. See Résumé Statistique de l'Empire du Japon, Tōkiō, 1894; Professor Garrett Droppers' paper on The Population of Japan during the Tokugawa Period, read June 27th, 1894; T.A.S.J., Vol. XXII.]

[Footnote 8: For the notable instance of Pere Sidotti, see M.E, p. 63; Séi Yō Ki Buu, by S.R. Brown, D.D., a translation of Arai Hakuséki's narrative, Yedo, 1710, T.N.C.A.S.; Capture and Captivity of Pere Sidotti, T.A.S.J., Vol. IX., p. 156; Christian Valley, T.A.S.J., Vol. XVI., p. 207.]

[Footnote 9: T.A.S.J., Vol. I., p. 78, Vol. VII., p. 323.]

[Footnote 10: See Matthew Calbraith Perry, Boston, 1887.]

[Footnote 11: See the author's Townsend Harris, First American Minister to Japan, _The Atlantic Monthly_, August, 1891.]

[Footnote 12: See Honda the Samurai, Boston, 1890; Nitobe's United States and Japan; The Japan Mail _passim_; Dr. G.F. Verbeck's History of Protestant Missions in Japan, Yokohama, 1883; Dr. George Wm. Knox's papers on Japanese Philosophy, T.A.S.J., Vol. XX., p. l58, etc. Recent Japanese literature, of which the writer has a small shelf-full, biographies, biographical dictionaries, the histories of New Japan, Life of Yoshida Shoin, and recent issues of The Nation's Friend (Kokumin no Tomo), are very rich on this fascinating subject.]

[Footnote 13: A typical instance was that of Rin Shihei, born 1737, author of _Sun Koku Tsu Ran to Setsu_, translated into French by Klaproth, Paris, 1832. Rin learned much from the Dutch and Prussians, and wrote books which had a great sale. He was cast into prison, whence he never emerged. The (wooden) plates of his publications were confiscated and destroyed. In 1876, the Mikado visited his grave in Sendai, and ordered a monument erected to the honor of this far-seeing patriot.]

[Footnote 14: Rein, pp. 336, 337]

[Footnote 15: Rein, p. 339; The Early Study of Dutch in Japan, by K. Mitsukuri, T.A.S.J., Vol. V., p. 209; History of the Progress of Medicine in Japan, T.A.S.J., Vol. XII., p. 245; Vijf Jaren in Japan, J.L.C. Pompe van Meerdervoort, 2d Ed., Leyden, 1808.]

[Footnote 16: Honda the Samurai, pp. 249-251; Nitobé, 25-27.]

[Footnote 17: The Tokugawa Princes of Mito, by Professor E. W. Clement, T.A.S.J., Vol. XVIII, p. 14; Nitobé's United States and Japan, p. 25, note.]

[Footnote 18: M.E. (6 Ed.), p. 608; Adams's History of Japan, Vol. II., p. 171.]

[Footnote 19: See the text of the anti-Christian edicts, M.E., p. 369.]

[Footnote 20: T.A.S.J., Vol. XX., p. 17.]

[Footnote 21: T.A.S.J., Vol. IX., p. 134.]

[Footnote 22: Tales of Old Japan, Vol. II., p. 125; A Japanese Buddhist Preacher, by Professor M.K. Shimomura, in the New York Independent; other sermons have been printed in The Japan Mail; Kino Dowa, two sermons and vocabulary, has been edited by Rev. C.S. Eby, Yokohama.]

[Footnote 23: On Sunday, November 29, 1857, Mr. Harris, resting at Kawasaki, over Sunday, on his way to Yedo and audience of the Shōgun, having Mr. Heusken as his audience and fellow-worshipper, read service from the Book of Common Prayer.]

[Footnote 24: See a paper written by the author and read at the World's Columbian Exhibition Congress of Missions, Chicago, September, 1893, on The Citizen Rights of Missionaries.]

[Footnote 25: This embassy was planned and first proposed to the Junior premier, Tomomi Iwakura, and the route arranged by the Rev. Guido F. Verbeck, then President of the Imperial University. One half of the members of the embassy had been Dr. Verbeck's pupils at Nagasaki.]

[Footnote 26: A somewhat voluminous native Japanese literature is the result of the various embassies and individual pilgrimages abroad, since 1860. Immeasurably superior to all other publications, in the practical influence over his fellow-countrymen, is the Séiyo Jijo (The Condition of Western Countries) by Fukuzawa, author, educator, editor, decliner of numerously proffered political offices, and "the intellectual father of one-half of the young men who now fill the middle and lower posts in the government of Japan." For the foreign side, see The Japanese in America, by Charles Lanman, New York, 1872, and in The Life of Sir Harry Parkes, London, 1894, and for an amusing piece of literary ventriloquism, Japanese Letters, Eastern Impressions of Western Men and Manners, London and New York, 1891.

See History of Protestant Missions in Japan, by G. F. Verbeck, Yokohama, 1893.]

INDEX

Abbess, 318. Abbots, 312. Abdication, 214. Aborigines, 9, 38, 43, 77-79, 177. Adams, Will, 334, 340. Adi-Buddha, 174. Adoption, 122, 126. Adultery, 149. Aidzu, 119. Ainos, 2, 9, 16, 73, 177, 317, 379. Akamatsu, Rev. Renjo, 425. Akéchi, 332. Alphabets, 199, 200. Altaic, 39, 389. Amalgam of religions, 11, 13. Amatérasŭ, see Sun-goddess. American relations, 11, 12, 157. Amidaism, 276, 303. Anabaptists, 162. Analects, 128. Ancestral worship, 106. Anderson, Dr. Win, 435. Angels, 304. Animism, 15-17. Anjiro, 329. Apostolical succession, 262. Arabian Nights, 192, 201. Architecture, 82, 84, 210, 298-300. Art, 68, 1l4, 195-197, 297, 298, 303-305, 314, 356. Aryan Conquest of India, 44, 156, 157, 177, 207. Asanga, 175, 205. Assassination, 367. Asoka, 165. Aston, Mr. Wm. G., 360, 386, 387. Atheism, 163, 164. Atkinson, Rev, J.L., 410. Avalokitesvara, 170, 171, 179. Avatars, 201, 208, 221, 247, 269, 295.

Babism, 166. Bakin, 444. Bangor Theological Seminary, 378. Batchelor, Rev. John, 317. Beal, Rev. Samuel, 8. Beauty, 207. Beggars, 208. Bells, 307, 308. Benten, 204, 207, 218. Bible, 27, 104, 364, 386. Binzuru, 237. Birth, 84. Bishamon, 218. Bodhidharma, see Daruma. Bodhisattva, 169, 204, 234. Bonzes, 310. Bosatsu, 170, 204; see Bodhsattva. Brahma, 247. Brahmanism, 163, 185, 186, 218. Brothers, 125, 126. Buddha. Amida, see Amidaism. the Buddha, 101, 103, 161, 162. Gautama, 155, 161-164. Shakyamuni, 160. Siddartha, 410. Tathagata, 259. Tathata, 243. Bunyin Nanjio, Rev., 231, 425. Buddhism, 42, 74, 76, 106, 133, 136, 137, 140, 185, 186, 227, 231. Buddhist, 165, 166, 183, 214, 229, 252.

Cannibalism, 74. Canon, Chinese, 103; Shintō, 39-41. Capitals of Japan, 182, 183, 296. Celibacy, 272. Cemeteries, 308. Chair of Contemplation, 252. Chamberlain, Prof. B. Hall, 39, 324, 388. Chastity, 68, 124, 149, 320. Cheng Brothers, 138, 139. China, 134, 199, 215, 328, 355. Chinese, 83, 134; Buddhism, 232. Christianity and Buddhism, 166, 183, 185, 187, 195, 217, 218, 265, 270, 300-302, 306, 315, 319. Chronology, 41, 370, 387. Chu Hi, 11, 108, 139, 143, 144, 356. Cleanliness, 84, 97. Clement, Prof. E.M., 407. Cobra-de-capello, 21. Cocks, Mr. Richard, 380. Columbus, 328. Comparative religion, 4-6. Confucius, 100-106. Confucianism, 74, 107, 213. Concubinage, 149. Constitution of 1889, 96, 122. Corea, see Korea. Courtship, 124. Creator, 145, 285. Cremation, 182. Crucifixion, 115, 368.

Dai Butsu, 203. Daikoku, 218. Dai Miō Jin, 190, 204, 206, 230. Daruma, 186, 208, 254. Davids, T. Rhys, 155, 172. Death, 84. De Brosses, 23. De Forest, Rev. J.H., 226. Demoniacal possession, 281. Déshima, 354, 358, 362-365. Dharari, 199. Dharma, see Daruma, 186. Dhyana Buddhas and Sect, 172, 252, 254. Diet, 293, 294. Divorce, 125, 149. Dō-sen, 236. Dō-shō, 181. Dragon, 20, 21, 74, 115, 198, 242. Dutch, 90, 336, 340, 353, 354, 358, 360, 362, 363-365, 366. Dutt, Mr. Romesh Chunder, 161.

Ebisu, 218. Ecclesiastes, 214. Echizen, 312. Edicts against Christianity, 335, 336, 342. Edkins, Dr. J., 249. Education, 313, 320. Embassy round the world, 373. Emperor, 148. Emura, Rev. Shu-zan, 232. England, 37. Eta, 115, 150, 275, 316, 317, 367. Ethics, 92, 94. Euhemerus, 192, 193, 197, 201. Eurasians, 344. Evil, 58, 78. Evolution, 62. Ezekiel, 36. Ezra, 102.

Family Life, 122, 125-127. Female divinities, 66, 305, 319. Fetichism, 22-27. Feudalism, 10, 108-110. Filial piety, 123, 149, 213. Fire-drill, 55, 56. Fire, God of, 53. Fire-myths, 53. Five Relations, 105, 114, 148-150. Flags, 26. Flood, 53. Flowers, 58. Forty-seven Rōnins, 118, 119. Franciscans, 336, 337. Friends, 127. Fudo, 279. Fuji Mountain, 400. Fujishima, Rev. Ryauon, 231. Fukuda, Rev. Gyo-kai, 425. Fukui, 23. Fuku-roku-jin, 218.

Gardens, 237, 294, 295. Gautama, 158, 161, 164. Genji Monogatari, 149. Genjō, 181, 232, 233, 238, 239. Germanic nations, 10, 44. Ghosts, 206. Giyoku, 183. Gnostics, 193, 195. God-possession, 201. Gold, 184, 196, 210, 291. Golden Rule, 128. Gongen, 204, 205, 220. Gore, Mr. T., 7, 384. Graveyards, 308, 368. Greater Vehicle, 165, 170, 240, 244. Gubbins, Mr. J.H., 403, 447.

Hachiman, 204. Hades, 53, 64. Hara-kiri, 112, 121, 339. Harris, Mr. Townsend, 145, 352, 360, 370, 371. Hayashi, 129. Heathen, 13, 30. Heaven, 62, 63, 70, 81, 105, 112, 118, 144. Hepburn, Dr. J.C., 372. Hidéyori, 340, 342. Hidéyoshi, 313, 333, 338. Hindu history, 156. Hi-nin, 115, 150. Hinayana, 165, 167, 169, 228, 232, 238. Hiouen Thsang, see Genjō. Hiraii, 2. Hirata, 86. History of China, intellectual, 137. of Japan, intellectual, 230. of Japan, political, 10, 37, 44, 219. of Japan, religious, 227, 228. Hitomarō, 60. Hiyéisan, 16, 297. Hodge, 102. Hodgson, Mr. Brian H., 411, 414. Hokké-Kiō, see Saddharma Pundarika. Hokusai, 314. Holland, 338. Hōnen, 261, 264. Hō-ō, 184, 237. Hospitals, 216, 315. Hossō-Shu, 238, 239. Hotéi, 218. Hotoké, 202, 269.

Idols, 175, 207, 216. Idzumo, 44, 65. Ikkō, 273. Inari, 190. Indra, 163, 247. Ingwa, 217, 302, 321; see Karma. Inquisition, 347, 348, 368. Insurance by fetich, 24, 25. Isaiah, 100. Isé, 28, 184, 201. Iyéyasŭ, 91, 100, 132, 134, 204, 205, 338, 342, 357, 358. Izanagi and Izanami, 52, 63, 64, 207, 218.

Jade, 292. Jains, 166. Japan, area, 9. Census, 9. Ethnology, 43, 44. Geography, 9, 43, 44. Government, 40. History, 10, 37, 44, 109. Origins, 43. Population, 8, 9. Various names of, 73. Japanese Bride, The, 125, 149. Japanese characteristics, 112, 285, 361. Language, 113, 116, 135. Writing, 200. Jataka tales, 169. Jealousy, 124. Jesuits, 247, 329, 337, 341, 342. Jesus, 76, 97, 100, 117. Jimmu Tennō, 389, Jin Gi Kuan, 49, 94, 390-392. Jizo, 247, 305. Jō dō sect, 250, 275. John, 2, 60. Jō-jitsu sect, 181, 235. Joss, 23. Jun-shi, 68, 76, 119. Ju-rŭ-jin, 218.

Kaburagi, 36, 60. Kada Adzumarō, 91. Kamui, 30. Kami-dana, 86, 88, 295. Kamui, 30. Kana, 199, 200, 274. Kanda, Dai Miō-Jin, 205. Karma, 162, 169, 186, 234, 258. Kato Kyomasa, 278, 334, 339. Ké-gon sect, 242-244. Kéichu, 91. Kern, Prof. H., 155, 239. Kiōto, 183, 296, 330, 336. Kirin, 19. Kishimoto, Mr. Nobuta., 11. Kiushiu, 339. Kiyomori, 120. Knos, Dr. George Wm., 182, 228, 288, 385. Kobayashi, Rev. Zé-jun, 425. Kōbō, 89, 197, 205, 248, 250. Kojiki, 29, 32, 40, 41, 52, 74, 82-90, 149, 195, 197. Ko-ken, Empress, 310. Kompira, 204. Konishi, 334, 335. Korea, 9, 21, 26, 40, 41, 74, 106, 107, 168, 179, 180, 292, 310, 328, 332, 333, 334, 355, 368. Kosatsu, 368. Ku-ya, 198. Kumi, Prof., 76-82. Kun-shin, 111, 113, 116, 117, 213. Ku-sha sutra, 232, 233. Kwannon, 181, 207, 247, 319. Kyūso, 132, 144.

Lamaism, 107. Language of China, 237. of England, 295. of Holland, 364, 365. of Japan, 39, 113, 116, 134, 265, 295, 299, 364. of Korea, 116. Lao Tsze, 102, 144, 218. Laws of Japan, 358. Lecky, Mr., 344. Legendre, Gen., 385, 389. Legge, Dr. J., 100, 378. Libraries, 253, 327. Lingam, see Phallicism. Literature, 39, 100, 141, 156, 159, 216, 252, 313, 318, 369. Liturgy, see Norito. Lloyd, Rev. A., 258. Loo-choo, see Rin Kin. Lotus, 434, 435, 437. Love, 117, 118. Lowell, Mr. Percival, 397, 423. Loyalty, see Kun-shin. Luther, 271. Lyman, Prof. B.S., 383.

Mabuchi, 90, 91. MacDonald, Rev. James, 8. Magatama, 68, 292. Mahayana, 105; see Greater Vehicle. Maitreya, 169, 170, 218, 236, 244. Malays, 9, 43. Mandala, 203. Munjusri, 170, 171, 179, 262. Mantra, 248. Manyū-shu, 39, 40. Marco Polo, 42. Mark, 60. Marriage, 123, 126, 149. Martyrs, 337, 344, 359, 360, 362, 366-369. Masakado, 209. Matsugami, 209. Matsuri, 28. Meiji Era, 112, 116, 256. Mencius, 106, 112, 137. Mendez, Pinto, 42. Mexico, 349. Mikado, 44, 45, 76, 92, 95, 96, 114, 117, 184, 191, 201. Mikadoism, 45-49, 74-82, 184, 202. Military monks, 247. Minamoto, 271. Ming dynasty, 134. Mioken, 279. Miracles, 216, 267. Mirror, 83. Missionary training, 6-8. Mito, 111, 134, 143, 366. Miya, 82-84, 209. Monasteries, 162, 165, 298, 311, 312. Monotheism, 15, 81, 103, 104, 145, 174, 187. Morse lectureship, 4. Morse, Prof E.S., 377. Motoöri, 80, 91, 290. Mozoomdar, 411, 420. Müller, Prof. Max, 211. Munzinger, Rev. C., 403. Murray, Dr. David, 402. Mutsuhito, 60, 316.

Nagasaki, 332, 337, 343, 344, 358, 362. Nakatomi, 48. Names, 127, 202, 265. Names of Japan, 73, 82. Namu-Amida-Butsu, 259, 261. Nanjio Bunyin, 231. Nara, 182, 237, 243, 296. Nehan, see Nirvana. Nepal, 167, 168, 171. New Buddhism, 284, 285. Nichiren, 277, 278. Sect, 277-280, 334, 339. Nihilism, 236, 240, 241. Nihongi, 41, 56, 62. Nikkō, 185, 263. Nirvana, 162, 163, 186, 200, 302, 303. Nitobé, Mr. Inazo, 352, 360. Nobunaga, 312, 331, 332. Norito, 38, 47-49, 54, 55-58, 79, 80, 96. Northern Buddhism, 165.

Obaku sect, 283. Offerings, 57. Ogurusu, Rev. Ku-chō, 214. Obashi Junzo, 145. Ojin, 204. Onna-ishi, see Phallicism. Original prayer, 271. Original vow, 273, 312. Orphan asylums, 216. Osaka, 130, 312, 368.

Pagés, Mr. Leon, 449. Pagodas, 203. Pantheism, 31, 142, 143, 187, 219, 243. Paradise, 210, 229, 259, 261, 280. Parliament of Religions, 5, 39, 72, 283. Peking, 105. Perry, Commodore M.C., 129, 316, 352, 360, 364, 365. Persecutions, 93, 343. Persian elements, 195, 202, 304. Personality, 116. Pessimism, 214. Phallicism, 29-30, 49-53, 88, 380-384. Philo, 192, 197, 201. Phoenix, 19, 20. Pilgrimages, 298, 290. Pindola, see Binzuru. Poetry, 223; see Manyūshu. Politeness, 74, 241. Popular customs, 192. Population, 8, 9, 177, 291, 359. Popular movement in China, 138. Portuguese, 344, 345, 347. Pratyekas, 234. Prayers, 86-88. Prayer-wheels, 175. Printing, 133, 134, 200. Prometheus, 53. Protestantism, 155, 162, 252, 274. Pronouns, 116. Proverbs, 28, 179, 226, 270, 307, 332, 352, 389. Psychology of the Japanese, 230, 241. Pure Land of Bliss, 198, 263-265. Purification of 1870, 206, 210, 213, 222, 248, 360. Pyrronism, 240.

Rai Sanyo, 143. Rakan, 305. "Reformed" Buddhism, 270, 274-277. Rennyō Shō-nin, 258. Revision of Confucianism, 148-152. Revival of pure Shintō, 91-96. Revolving libraries, 253. Ris-shu, 236-238. Rituals, see Norito. Riu Kiu, 9, 109. Riyōbu, 89, 191, 203, 209, 211, 212, 223. Rosaries, 266.

Saddharma Pundarika, 170, 229, 246, 280, 304. Sado, 341. Salt, 85. Samurai, 110, 119, 146, 151, 152. San Kai Ri, 211. Sanron sect, 182, 240. Sanskrit, 25, 182, 200, 210, 245, 249. Saratashi, 218. Satow, Mr. Ernest, 39, 47, 386. Satsuma, 313. Schools of Philosophy: Chinese, 136-139. Indian, 159-164, 232. Japanese, 356-358, 369. Sekigaharu, 338. Sendai, 119. Seppuku, see Hara-kiri. Serpent-worship, 30-33, 278, 279, 385. Seven Gods of Good Fortune, 217, 218. Shaka, 160, 161, 179, 254. Shakyamuni, see Shaka. Shaminism, 15-17. Shang-Ti, 103, 104. Shari, 182. Shastra and Sutra, 231. Shichimen, 278. Shigomori, 120. Shimabara, 344. Shingaku movement, 369, 370. Shingon sect, 185, 203, 248-251. Shinran, 271-274. Shin sect, 270-276, 317. Shintō, 38, 42, 76, 89, 96, 97, 142, 184, 195, 214, 319. Sin, 285, 288. Shō-gun, 110, 115, 143. Shomon, 236. Shōtoku, 180, 181, 208, 236, 313. Siddartha, 410. Soga no Inamé, 180. Soshi, 95, 278. Southern Buddhism, 165, 167. Spaniards, 336, 337, 340, 347. Stars, 92. Statistics of Buddhism, 309. of Shintō, 400, 401. Sugawara Michizané, 204. Suicide, 112, 118-121, 147, 151. Suiko, 180. Sung dynasty, 414, 437. Sun-goddess, 66, 104, 201, 203. Sun-worship, 46, 47, 82, 87. Swastika, 305. Swords, 7, 378. Syle, Rev. E.W., 36. Syncretism, 191-194, 205. Synergism, 268, 271, 272. Szma Kwang, 138.

Taikō, see Hidéyoshi. Takahashi, Mr. Gorō, 384. Takashi, Rev. Dai-Ryo, 238. Takétori Monogatari, 423. Tantra system, 194. Taōism, 106, 215, 218. Tathagata, 259. Tathata, 243, 246. Taylor, Bayard, 380. Tea plant, 208. Téi-Shn philosophy, 139, 145. Temples, 83, 93, 209, 305-309. Ten, 144. Tendai sect, 185, 244-248, 268. Tenjin, 204. Tennō, 184. Tenshi, 184. Terence, 128. Theism, 172. Theological seminaries, 6-8. Tibet, 165, 167, 170. Tobacco, 209. Tokugawas, 141, 143, 356, 365. Torii, 84, 210. Tortoise, 19. Transmigration of souls, 315. Tree-worship, 30, 31. Triads, 171, 255, 279. Trinity, 428. Tripitaka, 160, 170, 231. Tsuji, Rev. Ken-ko, 425. Tsukushi, 44. Tsushima, 44. Tycoon, see Shō-gun.

Uéda, Rev. Sho-Hen, 425. Upanishads, 156, 161, 162. Ushi toki mairi, 31. Uzumé, 68.

Vagra, 305. Vagrabodhi, 248, 249. Vairokana, 184, 244, 250. Vedas, 156, 158, 159, 160, 162. Vehicles, the three, 234, 235; see also Hinayana and Mahayana. Victims, 74.

Washington, 114. Western Paradise, 277. Wheel of the law, 302. Whitney, Prof. W.D., 211, 277. William the Silent, 114. Woman, 123, 149, 275, 318-320.

Xavier, 324, 329, 330, 345, 346, 347.

Yamato, 44, 76, 87, 91, 109, 177, 179. Damashii, 44, 147, 151, 152, 172. Yamato-Tosa art, 114, Yedo, 110, 115, 119, 141, 220, 238, 340, 360, 366. Yen Sect, 252-256. Yezo, 43, 317. Yoga, 157, 197, 199, 201, 209, 211. Yoga-chara, 194, 203, 249. Yokoi Héishiro, 112, 316, 366, 367. Yori, see Phallicism. Yoshida Shoin, 147. Yoshiwara system, 404.

Zendō, 261-262, 267. Zenkōji, 179, 181.

End of Project Gutenberg's The Religions of Japan, by William Elliot Griffis