part 1 contained _Legal and Commercial Transactions from the

Neo-babylonian Empire to Darius II_, by A. T. CLAY, 1908; vols. ix and x, by the same author, contained _Business Documents of Murashû Sons of Nippur in the reign of Artaxerxes I_ (1898), and _Business Documents in the reign of Darius II_ (1904). A new series has since been commenced.

_The Museum Publications of the Babylonian Section of the University of Pennsylvania_ (Philadelphia Museum), vol. ii, no. 1, gives _Business Documents of Murashû Sons of Nippur_, by A. T. CLAY (1912), and vol. ii, no. 2, _Documents from the Temple Archives at Nippur_, by the same author (1912).

_Selected Business Documents of the Neo-Babylonian Period_ in the _Semitic Study Series_, by A. UNGNAD (Leiden, Brill, 1908), forms a useful introduction to the subject.

In 1911 appeared _Hundert ausgewählte Rechtsurkunden aus der Spätzeit des babylonischen Schrifltums von Xerxes bis Mithridates, 485-93 v. Chr._, by A. UNGNAD and J. KOHLER (Leipzig, Pfeiffer), and I. L. HOLT contributed to the _American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures_ a study of _some Tablets from the R. C. Thompson Collection in Haskell Oriental Museum, The University of Chicago_.

Of considerable interest as in some senses a link between Babylonia and Palestine are the Cappadocian Tablets. The first notice of them was given by T. G. PINCHES in the _Proceedings of the Society of Biblical Archaeology_, Nov. 1, 1881, pp. 11-18. Some tablets in the British Museum were acquired from a dealer who said they had been found in Cappadocia. The script was then quite unfamiliar, and they were supposed at first to be written in a language neither Sumerian nor Semitic. GOLENISCHEFF published in 1891 the text of twenty-four tablets of the same class which he had acquired at Kaisareyeh. He made out that many words were Assyrian and read many names. FR. DELITZSCH made a most valuable study of them in the _Abhandlungen der philos.-hist. Classe der K. Sächs. Gesellschaft d. Wissenschaften_, 1893, no. 11. In 1894 P. JENSEN in the _Zeitschrift für Assyriologie_, vol. ix, pp. 62-81, made many corrections and additions. F. E. PEISER then discussed them in his introduction to the fourth volume of SCHRADER’s _Keilinschriftliche Bibliothek_, and gave the transcription and translation of the texts of nine, pp. 50-56. A considerable number more were discovered at Boghaz Köi, Kara Eyuk, and elsewhere, and published by V. SCHEIL in the _Mémoires de la Mission en Cappadoce_, and commented upon by A. BOISSIER in the _Proceedings of the Society for Biblical Archaeology_, 1900, pp. 106 ff. Four Cappadocian tablets were published by THUREAU-DANGIN among his _Lettres et Contrats_, see p. 82, above.

In _Babyloniaca_, 1908, pp. 1-45, A. H. SAYCE translated the Golenischeff texts, and others published by Chantre, or found by Ramsay, &c.

T. G. PINCHES with A. H. SAYCE published and discussed _The Cappadocian Tablet from Yuzghat in the Liverpool Institute of Archaeology_, 1906.

In 1908 T. G. PINCHES published twenty more in the _Annals of Archaeology of the Liverpool University_, vol. i, pp. 49-80. In the _Florilegium de Vogüé_, pp. 591-k, THUREAU-DANGIN discussed _Un acte de répudiation sur une tablette cappadocienne_, 1909, and in the _Revue d’Assyriologie_, 1911, pp. 142-51, gave more texts fixing _La date des tablettes cappadociennes_ as contemporary with the _Dynasty of Ur_ in Babylonia, thus proving cuneiform to have been widely used in that region to write a Semitic language long before the time of Hammurabi. In _Babyloniaca_, 1911, pp. 65-80, A. H. SAYCE gave some _Cappadocian Cuneiform Tablets from Kara Eyuk_, affiliating them with early Assyrian rulers. In the same journal, 1911, pp. 216-28, A. BOISSIER gave more texts under the title _Nouveaux documents de Boghaz Köi_. In the same journal, 1912, pp. 182-93, A. H. SAYCE wrote upon _The Cappadocian Cuneiform Tablets of the University of Pennsylvania_.

All these works have contributed comments of more or less value, and the whole point to a close connexion with Babylonia and Assyria, and the extended use of cuneiform in Cappadocia from very early times, whence it was doubtless taken over by the later Hittites.

BABYLONIAN AND ASSYRIAN LETTERS.

A very large number of letters have been preserved to us from all periods of Babylonian and Assyrian history. Many of them are addressed to private correspondents, and concern matters of everyday life. They are often most obscure, as they assume so much knowledge on the part of the recipient which is withheld from us. Where we can grasp their reference they furnish considerable light upon social conditions.

A large number, however, are royal letters or dispatches from the king and his officers to subordinates, or _vice versa_. These more often concern public affairs.

As yet few letters have come down to us which we can date before the First Dynasty of Babylon, but some will be found in the _Inventaire des tablettes de Tello_ (see p. 80), and among the various publications of Temple accounts and contracts, as early as the times of Sargon of Akkad.

In the _Beiträge zur Assyriologie_, vol. ii, pp. 557-64, 572-9, MEISSNER published _Altbabylonische Briefe_ (1893), with discussions.

In the times of Hammurabi, or the First Dynasty of Babylon, our sources for epistolary correspondence become very ample. L. W. KING in his magnificent work, _The Letters and Inscriptions of Hammurabi, King of Babylon, about B. C. 2200; to which is added a series of letters of other Kings of the First Dynasty of Babylon_ (vol. i, _Introduction and Babylonian Texts_; vol. ii, _Babylonian Texts_, continued; vol. iii, _English Translation, Commentary, Vocabularies, Introduction, etc._, London, Luzac & Co., 1898), gave a complete edition of these letters. The materials for history and social life were epoch-making. In the _Beiträge zur Assyriologie_ G. NAGEL translated a number of these texts, _Briefe Hammurabi’s an Sin-iddinam_, vol. iv, pp. 434-83, to which FR. DELITZSCH added _Zusatzbemerkungen_, pp. 483-500. He, with J. A. KNUDTZON, wrote on the same subject, vol. iv, pp. 88-100. M. W. MONTGOMERY took _Briefe aus der Zeit des babylonischen Königs Hammurabi_ as subject for her doctor’s dissertation (Leipzig, Pries, 1901). A. KLOSTERMANN published _Ein diplomatischer Briefwechsel aus dem 2. Jahrtausend v. Chr._ (Leipzig, Deichert, 1903). C. V. GELDEREN contributed _Ausgewählte babylonisch-assyrische Briefe_ to the _Beiträge zur Assyriologie_, iv, 1902, pp. 501-45. Another great collection was published by THUREAU-DANGIN in _Lettres et contrats de l’époque de la première dynastie babylonienne_ (Paris, P. Geuthner, 1910). The author transliterated, translated, and commented upon three of these texts as _Lettres de l’époque de la première dynastie babylonienne_ in _The Hilprecht Anniversary Volume_, pp. 156-63.

_Les Lettres de Hammurapi à Sin-idinnam, transcription, traduction et commentaire, précédées d’une étude sur deux caractères du style assyro-babylonien_, by F. C. JEAN (Paris, J. Gabalda, 1913), gives an idea of the subject.

P. S. LANDERSDORFER, in 1908, had edited _Altbabylonische Privatbriefe, transkribiert, übersetzt und kommentiert, nebst einer Einleitung und 4 Registern_ (Paderborn, Schöningh), and G. A. BARTON gave an article _On an old Babylonian Letter addressed to Lushtamar_ in the _Journal of the American Oriental Society_, pp. 220-22.

A. SCHOLLMEYER wrote on _Altbabylonische Privatbriefe_ in _Babyloniaca_, vi, pp. 57-64, 1912, and in 1911 published _Neuveröffentlichte altbabylonische Briefe und ihre Bedeutung für die Kultur des Orients: Sechs Vorträge vor der Hildesheimer Generalversammlung_ (Köln, P. Bachem).

E. EBELING contributed to the _Revue d’Assyriologie_, 1913, pp. 15 ff., 105-56, articles on _Altbabylonische Briefe_. _The First Letter of Rîm-Sin, King of Larsa_, was published by ST. LANGDON in the _Proceedings of the Society for Biblical Archaeology_, 1911, pp. 221-2.

The period of the Third or Kassite Dynasty has not yet yielded much.

H. RADAU made as much as possible out of a number of fragments found at Nippur in vol. xvii, 1 of Series A of _The Publications of the Babylonian Expedition of the University of Pennsylvania_ called _Letters to Cassite Kings from the Temple Archives of Nippur_ (1908).

Very little more is known of Epistolary Literature till we reach the Sargonide Dynasty in Assyria. With the Library of Ashurbanipal at Nineveh were found a large number of letters and dispatches, alike royal, public and private, Assyrian and Neo-babylonian, which early attracted notice. S. A. SMITH published a number from the collections in the British Museum in his _Assyrian Letters from the Royal Library at Nineveh, transcribed, translated, and explained_ (Leipzig, Pfeiffer, 1887-1888), and in _Miscellaneous Assyrian Texts of the British Museum with Textual Notes_ (Leipzig, Pfeiffer, 1887), besides a series of articles in the _Proceedings of the Society of Biblical Archaeology_ for 1887-1888 called _Assyrian Letters_.

The present writer dealt with _Sennacherib’s Letters to his Father Sargon_, in the _Proceedings of the Society of Biblical Archaeology_, 1895, pp. 220-39. FR. DELITZSCH in the _Beiträge zur Assyriologie_, vol. i, pp. 185-248, 613-31, and vol. ii, pp. 19-62, under the title _Zur assyrisch-babylonischen Briefliteratur_, laid deep the foundations of the study of letters, editing many fresh texts (1890-1894). H. WINCKLER published a large number of letters in his _Sammlung von Keilschrifttexten_ (Leipzig, Pfeiffer, 1894). T. G. PINCHES published _Zwei assyrische Briefe_ (Leipzig, Pfeiffer, 1887).

R. F. HARPER has continued to edit the _Assyrian and Babylonian Letters belonging to the Kouyunjik Collections of the British Museum_, vol. i, 1892; vol. ii, 1893; vol. iii, 1896; vol. iv, 1896; vol. v, 1900; vol. vi, 1902; vol. vii, 1902; vol. viii, 1902; vol. ix, 1909; vol. x, 1911; vol. xi, 1911; vol. xii, 1913; vol. xiii, 1913 (Chicago University Press; Luzac & Co., London), which will contain all the British Museum collections from Nineveh. These copies have been made with the greatest care, and constitute the chief source of this material up to the present time. Numerous works have been built upon them as foundation. CHRISTOPHER JOHNSTON wrote on _The Epistolary Literature of the Assyrians and Babylonians_ (Baltimore, 1898), reprinted from _Journal of the American Oriental Society_. E. BEHRENS published in 1906 his _Assyrisch-babylonische Briefe kultischen Inhalts aus der Sargonidenzeit_ (Leipzig, Pries, 1905). LEHMANN-HAUPT gave _Zwei unveröffentlichte Keilschrifttexte_ in _Hilprecht Anniversary Volume_ (1909), pp. 256-8.

In 1910 came M. ZEITLIN’S _Le style administratif chez les Assyriens; choix de lettres assyriennes et babyloniennes, transcrites, traduites et accompagnées de notes_ (Paris, Geuthner). In the _Zeitschrift für Assyriologie_ C. BEZOLD gave _Zwei assyrische Berichte_ (vol. xxvi, 1912, p. 114-25).

In 1911, E. G. KLAUBER wrote _Zur babylonisch-assyrischen Briefliteratur_ in _Babyloniaca_, iv, pp. 180-86; and in 1912 _Zur Politik und Kultur der Sargonidenzeit: Untersuchungen auf Grand der Brieftexte_ in the January and July numbers of vol. xxviii of the _American Journal of Semitic Languages and Literatures_. In the January number of this volume also appeared L. WATERMAN’S _Textual Notes on the Letters of the Sargon Period_. A most valuable contribution to an obscure period of Ashurbanipal’s reign was made by H. H. FIGULLA, _Der Briefwechsel Bêlibni’s: Historische Urkunden aus der Zeit Asurbanipals_, in _Mitteilungen der Vorderasiatischen Gesellschaft_ (Leipzig, Hinrichs, 1912). E. G. KLAUBER, in 1910, published _Assyrisches Beamtentum nach Briefen aus der Sargonidenzeit_ (Leipzig, Hinrichs), and in _Der alte Orient_, xii, Heft 2, _Keilschriftbriefe: Staat und Gesellschaft in der babylonisch-assyrischen Briefliteratur_ (Leipzig, Hinrichs, 1911). V. SCHEIL under the title _Diplomatica_ dealt with similar texts in the _Hilprecht Anniversary Volume_, pp. 873 ff.

Letters of the Neo-Babylonian period are numerous but not much published. R. C. THOMPSON published _Late Babylonian Letters_ (London, Luzac & Co., 1906) with translations, &c. FR. MARTIN gave _Lettres néo-babyloniennes_ (Paris, Champion, 1909), and _Trois lettres néo-babyloniennes_ in the _Hilprecht Anniversary Volume_, 1909. In the _Proceedings of the Society of Biblical Archaeology_, 1911, pp. 157-8, T. G. PINCHES published _Two late Babylonian Letters_.

NOTES

[1] This, at any rate, is usually stated on the authority of the monkish chroniclers. J. R. GREEN in _A Short History of the English People_ (London, Macmillan, 1875), p. 46, records that the Ten Commandments and a portion of the Law of Moses were prefixed to the code drawn up by Alfred and so became part of the law of the land. Whether this ancient tradition will survive modern criticism remains to be seen. The tradition at any rate continues to command widespread credence.

[2] It has been pointed out that references to a particular edition would be out of place here, but for elementary students one may refer to _Ancient Law, its connexion with the early history of society and its relation to modern ideas_ (London, G. Routledge and Sons). The many references given in the bibliography to various ancient legislations will suffice for our comparisons, but articles in the _Encyclopaedia Britannica_ or the _Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics_ may be consulted for further study.

[3] So I was informed by the late Professor Maitland, but I have unfortunately lost the reference he gave me.

[4] In the _Beiträge zur Assyriologie_, 1902, p. 86.

[5] Wednesday, Oct. 29, 1902.

[6] _The Laws of Moses and the Code of Hammurabi_ (London, A. & C. Black, 1903).

[7] See on the racial character of the Sumerians, L. W. KING’s _Sumer and Akkad_, _passim_, and the references there.

P. 2, notes 7, 8, 9, see _Survey of Bibliography, Anticipations_, p. 65.

[10] But this work may have to be done when the data exist for recognizing the Sumerian Elements, cf. p. 76 and references to Sumerian Law in the Index.

[11] The Code must have been drawn up later than the conquest of Rîm-Sin, or rather its present redaction must. The date was discussed by KING, SCHORR and E. MEYER as well as WINCKLER, most lately by E. CUQ, see _Comptes rendus de l’Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres_, Jan. 1912, p. 5.

[12] Most recently in _Ancient Babylonia_, by C. H. W. JOHNS (Cambridge, University Press, 1913) pp. 76-80.

[13] See under these names in _Index and Bibliography_.

[14] See p. 67.

[15] See p. 74.

[16] See p. 74.

INDEX

Abraham, 4, 17, 19, 24, 34.

Abu Habba, 81.

Abyssinia, 53.

Adoption, 10.

Akkad, 18.

Akkadian language, 1.

Alexander the Great, 20.

Alfred’s laws, iii, n. 1.

Amenophis, 9.

Amhara, 53.

Amnesty, 57.

Amorite, 7, 8, 22, 36, 51, 53.

Amraphel, 3, 17, 18.

Amurru, 18.

Anticipation of Code, 65.

Appeal, 37.

Arabs, 9.

Arioch, 3, 19.

Aristocrat, 32, 36.

_Armenstiftler_, 9.

Arrangement, xv.

Artisan, 5.

Ashurbanipal’s Library, 2, 65, 70.

Assyriologist’s opinions, 20.

Asylum, 35.

Aztecs, 54.

_Babel und Bibel_, 65.

Babylon, 82, 86.

Babylonia, 2, 62.

Babylonian influence, 24.

Bedawin, vi, 32.

Berlin copy of Code, 2.

Bogos Laws, 53.

Book of the Covenant, 21, 25.

Borsippa, 86.

Boundary stones, 83.

British Museum, 1, 2.

_Bürgerliche Gesetzbuch_, 14.

_Bürgerliche Recht_, 65.

Burglary, 36.

Canaan, 17, 22.

Canaanite law, 22, 59.

Cappadocia, 88.

Chaldees, 4.

Chedorlaomer, 19.

Chronology, 17.

Cities of refuge, 35.

Class legislation, 31, 32.

_Code civile_, 14.

Code of Hammurabi, 2, 3, 4, 65.

Common-law dower, 6.

Common Semitic custom, 24, 51.

Compensation, 32, 33.

Constantinople Museum, 66, 81.

Contracts, 80.

Copies of Code, late, 2.

Crimes and Punishments, 72.

Criminal law, 4.

Damage to crops, 37.

Daniel, 1.

Date of Code, 3, n. 11.

Death penalty, 36.

Debt, 56. See hostage, slave.

Decads, 61.

Deed of sale, 35.

Deposit, 38.

Deuteronomy, 21.

Differential treatment, 32, 36, 42, 46.

Dilbat, 82.

Discovery of Code, 1.

Discussions of Code, 69.

Divine punishment, 46, 47. See oath, ordeal.

Doctors, 35.

Double portion, 85.

Dréhem, 78.

Duplicates of Code, 2.

Earlier codes, 3. See Sumerian.

Editio princeps, 65.

Education, 6.

Elam, 1, 18, 52, 53.

Ellasar, 3, 19.

Entail, 5.

Erasure, 1.

Evolution of Code, 3.

Evolution of institutions, 54.

False claims, 37.

Family, 5.

Fines, 36.

First Dynasty of Babylon, 2, 3, 7, 22.

Fourteenth chapter of Genesis, 3, 17.

Freedman, 11.

Gemara, 15.

Gortyna Code, iii.

Grades of society, 7.

Grammar of Code, 69.

Hammurabi, 1, 4, 17.

Hammurabi Amraphel, 3.

Higher Critics, 17, iv.

Hiram, 28.

Hostage for debt, 41, 45.

Imprisonment, 72.

Incest, 60.

Independence, vii.

Integrity of Code, 3.

Irrigation, 37.

Jewish view of law, 15, 23.

Jews, 16.

Josephus, 61.

Kadashman-Ellil, 9.

Kassites, 83.

Kidnapping, 34.

King’s judges, 5.

Kish, 82.

Kudur-mabuk, 53.

Language of Code, 72.

Larsa, 3, 18, 83.

Laws from Shamash, 1.

Laws of Moses, 20.

Legal documents, 4.

Letters, 89.

Leviticus, 21.

Lexicography, 74.

_Lex talionis_, 27, 28, 30, 31.

Local government, 5.

Louvre Museum, 1, 65.

Mancipium, 42.

Manu, Laws of, 47, 53, iii.

Maximum penalty, 37.

Mesopotamia, 4.

Metayer system, 5.

Mishna, 15.

Moabites, 22.

Mosaic Codes, 16, 17.

Moses, 17, 20.

Mycenaean pottery, 55.

Nippur, 2. ——copy of Code, 34, 66, 76. ——tablets, 87.

Noah, 52.

Normans, 32.

North Syrians, 22.

Oath, 6, 35, 72, 73.

Ordeal, 6, 72, 73.

Palace, 8.

Palestine, 4.

Penalty of burning, 60.

Pentads, 26, 71.

Perpetual servitude, 34, 41.

Persepolis, 1.

Persia, 1.

Phoenicians, 22, x.

Poor man, 46.

Position of women, 1, 78.

Post, 5.

Pre-Sargonic, 79.

Priest’s daughter, 60.

Primitive Semitic Law, vi.

Purgation by oath, 35.

Purity of text, 2, 3.

Rabbinic, 15, 61.

Rahab, 60, 61.

Re-editions, 66.

Retaliation, 32.

Rîm-Sin, 3, 18, 19, 80, 90.

Roman law, 6, 27, iii, iv. See Twelve Tables.

Sacred numbers, 59.

Senkereh, 80.

Shamash, 1.

Shinar, 3, 18.

Shushan, 1.

Shutruk-nakhunde, 1.

Singara, 18.

Sippara, 81, 86.

Slave, 10, 39, 40, 73.

Social grades, 32.

Solomon, 28, 29.

State dues and liabilities, 5.

State of society, 5.

Status, 7.

Structure of Code, 71.

Sumer, 18.

Sumerian influence, 69.

Sumerian law, vii, 52, 56, 75, 76.

Susa, iv, 1, 2.

Syntax of Code, 69

Talmud, 15, 61.

Tattoos, 12.

Tavern, 60, 61.

Tell el Amarna tablets, 9, 18, 22, 61, xi, xiii.

Telloh, 76, 77, 78.

Temple accounts, 76.

Tenure, 5.

Theft, 36.

Theocratic Law, 47.

The Priestly Code, 21.

The will, 6.

Tidal, 3, 19.

Transcriptions and translations, 65.

Translations only, 68.

Trust, 38.

Twelve Tables, 36, 53, 56, iii, x.

Ur, 4, 53.

Urkundenbuch, 67.

Urukagina’s law, 76

Vestals, 60, 61, 72.

Votary, 60, 61, 72.

Vowed women, 6, 60, 61.

Warka, 80.

West Goths, 53.

William the Conqueror, 32.

Wineshops, 60.

Witchcraft, 6.

Women, 1, 5.

AUTHORS MENTIONED

Allotte de la Fuÿe, 79, 80.

Arnold, W. R., 77.

Ball, C. J., 83.

Barton, G. A., 77, 78, 90.

Behrens, E., 91.

Belser, C., 83.

Bezold, C., 91.

Boissier, A., 87, 88.

Bonfante, P., 68.

Boscawen, W. St. Chad, 68, v.

Clay, A. T., 76, 79, 83, 87.

Cohn, G., 53, 72.

Combe, E., 9, 74.

Cook, S. A., 23, 47, 53, 73, 76, v.

Cruveilhier, P., 70.

Cuq, E., 72, 74, 85.

Daiches, S., 69, 72, 74.

Dareste, R., 8, 71, 72.

Davies, W. W., 69.

Deimel, A., 66, 78.

Delaporte, L., 78.

Delitzsch, Fr., 2, 65, 73, 75, 85, 87, 88, 89, 90, v.

De Morgan, J., 1.

Demuth, L., 86.

Dhorme, P., 72, 79.

Driver, S. R., 50.

Dykes, D. O., 70.

Ebeling, E., 90.

Edwards, C., 68.

Fehr, H., 72.

Figulla, H. H., 91.

Freund, L., 73.

Friedrich, Th., 81.

Gautier, J. E., 82.

Gelderen, C. V., 89.

Genouillac, H. de, 77, 78, 79, 80.

Golenischeff, Fr., 88.

Grimme, H., 53.

Harper, R. F., 66, 70, 90, v.

Haupt, P., 75, 76.

Hilprecht, H. V., 74, 77, 84.

Hinke, W. J., 83, 84.

Hobhouse, L. T., 70.

Holt, I. L., 88.

Hommel, F., 9, 75.

Huber, E., 79.

Hussey, M. J., 79.

Jean, F. C, 90.

Jelitto, J., 72.

Jensen, P., 88.

Jeremias, A., 20, 76.

Jhering, R. von, iii, _n._ 3.

Johns, C. H. W., 68, 69, 70, 74, 84, 85, 86, 90, iv, v.

Johnston, Chr., 91.

Keiser, C. E., 83.

Kent, C. F., 24, 25, 26, 37, 68, 71.

King, L. W., 76, 77, 84, 86, 89, _n._ 11.

Klauber, E. G., 91.

Klostermann, A., 89.

Knudtzon, J. A., 89.

Kohler, J., 4, 9, 14, 67, 72, 73, 75, 85, 87, 88.

König, E., 70.

Koschaker, P., 73.

Kotalla, E., 87.

Landersdorfer, P. S., 90.

Langdon, St., 66, 78, 79, 83, 90.

Lau, R. J., 77.

Layard, A. H., 80.

Le Gac, Y., 87.

Lehmann (Haupt), C. F., 70, 91.

Likhatscheff, N. P., 79.

Lightfoot, J., 15.

Littmann, E., 74.

Loftus, W. K., 80.

Lotichius, P., 70.

Luckenbill, D. D., 83.

Lyon, D. G., 26, 27, 70, 71.

MacAlister?, 22.

Maine, Sir H., 6.

Moldenke, A. B., 87.

Mari, Fr., 68.

Martin, Fr., 91.

Marx, V., 73, 87.

Meissner, Br., 2, 4, 65, 71, 73, 75, 81, 84, 85, 89.

Mercer, S. A. B., 73.

Mommsen, Th., 72.

Montgomery, M. W., 89.

Müller, D. H., 9, 15, 50, 53, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 73, xiii.

Nagel, G., 89.

Nathan, J., 15.

Nikolsky, M. V., 79.

Oppert, J., 72, 73, 85, 86, 87.

Peiser, F. E., 2, 4, 9, 65, 67, 70, 73, 75, 76, 81, 83, 86, 87, 88.

Pelégaud, F., 78.

Pick, H., 15.

Pilter, W. T., 72.

Pinches, T. G., 69, 70, 72, 75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 81, 86, 87, 88, 90, 91.

Place, T., 86.

Poebel, A., 66, 75, 82.

Price, I. M., 79.

Radau, H., 77, 83, 90.

Ranke, A. H., 82.

Reisner, G., 77.

Reitzenstein, F., 73.

Revillout, E. & V., 73, 80.

Rogers, R. W., 26, 68.

Sarauw, Chr., 69.

Sarzec, de E., 76, 77.

Sayce, A. H., 70, 88, 89.

Scheil, V., 8, 26, 27, 65, 68, 71, 74, 77, 78, 79, 81, 84, 85, 88, 91.

Schiffer, S., 86.

Schmersahl, 72.

Schollmeyer, A., 90.

Schorr, M., 4, 14, 67, 71, 73, 74, 5.

Schrader, Eb., 81, 83, 87, 88.

Smith, G., 80.

Smith, S. A., 90.

Smith, W. R., 25, 27, 73.

Steinmetzer, F., 84.

Stooss, C., 72.

Strassmaier, J. N., 86, 87.

Tallquist, K. L., 84, 85, 86.

Thompson, R. C., 91.

Thureau-Dangin, Fr., 77, 78, 79, 80, 82, 88, 89.

Torczyner, H., 79.

Ungnad, A., 4, 9, 66, 68, 69, 71, 73, 75, 76, 82, 85, 86, 87, 88.

Virolleaud, C. H., 78.

Ward, W. H., 68.

Waterman, L., 91.

Winckler, H., 66, 68, 72, 74, 76, 84, 90.

Wohlframm, E., 69.

Zehnpfund, R., 86.

Zeitlin, M., 91.

Ziemer, E., 87.

Zimmern, H., 8, 67, 74.

BABYLONIAN WORDS

amêlu, 7, 74. dinâni, 2. gallabu, 12. kânu, 8. kittu, 1. kudurru, 83. mishâru, 1. mâr banûtu, 12. mash-en-kak, 8. mushkênu, 8, 9, 46, 74. nihûtu, 42. ninu Anum tsirum, 2. rîd tsâbê, 74. wardu, 7, 10.