Chapter 6
4. Teaching as an aim in the recitation, 12 _a._ Give the child an opportunity for self-expression, 13 _b._ Give help on difficult points, 15 _c._ Bring in new points supplementing the text, 16 _d._ Inspire the pupils to better efforts and higher ideals, 17 _e._ Lead pupils into good habits of study, 17
5. Drill as an aim in the recitation, 19 _a._ Drill should be employed wherever a high degree of skill is required, 21 _b._ Drill must be upon correct models, and with alert interest and attention, 21 _c._ Drill must not stop short of a reasonable degree of efficiency, or skill, 23 _d._ Drill must be governed by definite aims, 23
6. A desirable balance among the three aims, 25
II. THE METHOD OF THE RECITATION
1. Method varies with aim, 29
2. Fundamental principles of method, 30 _a._ Interest is the first requisite for attention and all mental activity, 30 _b._ The natural mode of learning is to proceed from the known to the related unknown, 31
3. The use of special forms of method, 32
4. The question-and-answer method, 33 _a._ When and where to employ the question-and-answer method, 34 _b._ Dangers of the question-and-answer method, 38
5. The topical method, 40 _a._ Where the topical method is most serviceable, 41 _b._ The question of standards in topical recitations, 44
6. The lecture, or supplemental, method, 45 _a._ How the lecture method is to be used, 46 _b._ Dangers from the lecture method, 47
7. The written recitation, 48 _a._ The use of the written recitation, 48 _b._ Dangers in the use of the written method, 49
III. THE ART OF QUESTIONING
1. The importance of good questioning, 55
2. Need of fundamental principles, 56
3. The principle of freedom from textbooks, 56
4. The principle of unity or continuity in questions, 61
5. The principle of clearness, 64 _a._ Freedom from ambiguity or obscurity of wording, 65 _b._ Adaptation to the age and understanding of the child, 66 _c._ Brevity, 67
6. The principle of definiteness, 68
7. Secondary principles of good questioning, 73
8. The treatment of answers, 76
IV. CONDITIONS NECESSARY TO A GOOD RECITATION
1. Freedom from distractions, 81 _a._ Distractions by the teacher, 82 _b._ Distractions by the class, 84 _c._ Distractions by the school, 86 _d._ Physical distractions, 87
2. Interest and enthusiasm, 89 _a._ The teacher's command of the subject-matter of the recitation, 90 _b._ The teacher's attitude toward his work, 91 _c._ The teacher's health, 91 _d._ Experience, 93
3. Well-mastered lessons, 94 _a._ Preparation by the teacher, 94 _b._ Preparation by the class, 97
4. High standards in the recitation, 98
5. A spirit of cooperation, 100
V. THE ASSIGNMENT OF THE LESSON
1. The importance of proper assignment, 107
2. Good assignment and teaching the art of study, 107
3. The teacher's preparation for assignment, 109
4. How to assign a lesson, 111
5. Principles governing the assignment, 113
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RIVERSIDE EDUCATIONAL MONOGRAPHS
Edited by HENRY SUZZALLO
Andress's The Teaching of Hygiene in the Grades Atwood's The Theory and Practice of the Kindergarten Bailey's Art Education Betts's New Ideals In Rural Schools Betts's The Recitation Bloomfield's Vocational Guidance of Youth Cabot's Volunteer Help to the Schools Cole's Industrial Education in the Elementary School Cooley's Language Teaching in the Grades Cubberley's Changing Conceptions of Education Cubberley's The Improvement of Rural Schools Dewey's Interest and Effort in Education Dewey's Moral Principles in Education Dooley's The Education of the Ne'er-Do-Well Earhart's Teaching Children to Study Eliot's Education for Efficiency Eliot's Concrete and Practical In Modern Education Emerson's Education Evans's The Teaching of High School Mathematics Fairchild's The Teaching of Poetry in the High School Fiske's The Meaning of Infancy Freeman's The Teaching of Handwriting Haliburton and Smith's Teaching Poetry in the Grades Hartwell's The Teaching of History Haynes's Economics in the Secondary School Hill's The Teaching of Civics Horne's The Teacher as Artist Hyde's The Teacher's Philosophy Jenkins's Reading in the Primary Grades Judd's The Evolution of a Democratic School System Kendall and Stryker's History in the Elementary Grades Kilpatrick's The Montessori System Examined Leonard's English Composition as a Social Problem Lewis's Democracy's High School Maxwell's The Observation of Teaching Maxwell's The Selection of Textbooks Meredith's The Educational Bearings of Modern Psychology Palmer's Ethical and Moral Instruction in the Schools Palmer's Self-Cultivation in English Palmer's The Ideal Teacher Palmer's Trades and Professions Perry's Status of the Teacher Prosser's The Teacher and Old Age Russell's Economy in Secondary Education Smith's Establishing Industrial Schools Snedden's The Problem of Vocational Education Stockton's Project Work in Education Stratton's Developing Mental Power Suzzallo's The Teaching of Primary Arithmetic Suzzallo's The Teaching of Spelling Swift's Speech Defects in School Children Terman's The Teacher's Health Thorndike's Individuality Tuell's The Study of Nations Weeks's The People's School
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RIVERSIDE TEXTBOOKS IN EDUCATION
_General Educational Theory_
AVERILL: Psychology for Normal Schools FREEMAN: Experimental Education FREEMAN: How Children Learn FREEMAN: The Psychology of the Common Branches PERRY: Discipline as a School Problem SMITH: An Introduction to Educational Sociology THOMAS: Training for Effective Study WADDLE: An Introduction to Child Psychology
_History of Education_
CUBBERLEY: The History of Education CUBBERLEY: A Brief History of Education CUBBERLEY: Readings in the History of Education CUBBERLEY: Public Education in the United States
_Administration and Supervision of Schools_
AYRES, WILLIAMS, WOOD: Healthful Schools CUBBERLEY: Public School Administration CUBBERLEY: Rural Life and Education HOAG AND TERMAN: Health Work in the Schools MONROE: Introduction to the Theory of Educational Measurements MONROE: Measuring the Results of Teaching MONROE, DEVOSS, KELLY: Educational Tests and Measurements NUTT. The Supervision of Instruction RUGG: Statistical Methods Applied to Education SEARS: Classroom Organization and Control SHOWALTER: A Handbook for Rural School Officers TERMAN: The Hygiene of the School Child TERMAN: The Measurement of Intelligence TERMAN: The Intelligence of School Children
_Methods of Teaching_
BOLENIUS: Teaching Literature in the Grammar Grades and High School KENDALL, MIRICK: How to Teach the Fundamental Subjects KENDALL, MIRICK: How to Teach the Special Subjects STONE: Silent and Oral Reading TRAFTON: The Teaching of Science in the Elementary School WOOFTER: Teaching in Rural Schools
_Secondary Education_
BRIGGS: The Junior High School INGLIS: Principles of Secondary Education SNEDDEN: Problems of Secondary Education THOMAS: The Teaching of English in the Secondary School
HOUGHTON MIFFLIN COMPANY