The Recent Mammals of Tamaulipas, México
mi. N La Pesca, 5; Soto la Marina, 25; Sierra Madre
Oriental, 5 mi. S, 3 mi. W Cd. Victoria, 1900 ft., 18; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 2 mi. S, 10 mi. W Piedra, 1200 ft., 36; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 3 mi. S, 10 mi. W Piedra, 1200 ft., 1; Ejido Santa Isabel, 2 km. W Pan-American Highway, 2000 ft., 3; Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 25 mi. N, 3 km. W El Mante, 300 ft., 1; Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 6 mi. N Gómez Farías, 300 ft., 8; 10 km. N, 8 km. W El Encino, 400 ft., 1; 2 km. W El Carrizo, 6; 53 km. N El Limón, 4; 8 km. NE Antiguo Morelos, 2; Altamira, 1; 1 mi. S Altamira, 3; 10 mi. NW Tampico, 1; 7 km. N Tampico, 2.
Additional records: Hidalgo (Goldman, 1911:59); Matamoros (_ibid._); Bagdad (_ibid._); Sierra de San Carlos (Hooper and Handley, 1948:20); 3 mi. W Soto la Marina (Hooper, 1953:5); [Cd.] Victoria (Goldman, 1911: 59); Acuña (Hooper and Handley, 1948:20); Mesa de Llera (Hooper, 1953:5); Gómez Farías (Goodwin, 1954:9); 2 mi. S Cd. Mante (Ingles, 1959:394); Antiguo Morelos (Hooper and Handley, 1948:20).
=Castor canadensis mexicanus= V. Bailey
Beaver
1913. _Castor canadensis mexicanus_ V. Bailey, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 26:191, October 23, type from Ruidoso Creek, 6 mi. below Ruidoso, Lincoln Co., New Mexico.
_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Probably in the Río Grande drainage.
The beaver has been reported in Tamaulipas only from Matamoros (Baird, 1858:355--three specimens) and from 12 miles below, south of, Matamoros (V. Bailey, 1905:124). In Tamaulipas the beaver may occur only in the Río Grande drainage.
=Oryzomys palustris=
Marsh Rice Rat
Previous to this report only one subspecies of _Oryzomys palustris_ had been recorded from Tamaulipas. Careful examination of the available material from the state shows that _O. p. aquaticus_ occurs in the east and _O. p. peragrus_ lives in the southwestern part of the state.
In general, specimens examined were trapped in dense brush alongside waterholes as at Altamira, or around cornfields as at the place 36 kilometers north and 10 kilometers west of Ciudad Victoria, where the bushes were mesquite and other kinds of Acacias. There the ground was covered by cat claw, and no grass was seen near the traps in which _O. palustris_ was caught. In the Sierra de Tamaulipas a specimen was caught among rocks and bushes. Ingles (1959:395) reported that his specimens were trapped alive in dense brush and "tules."
A female taken at Jaumave on July 25 had 5 embryos, each 20 mm. in crown-rump length.
=Oryzomys palustris aquaticus= J. A. Allen
1891. _Oryzomys aquaticus_ J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 3:289, June 30, type from Brownsville, Cameron Co., Texas.
1918. _Oryzomys couesi aquaticus_, Goldman, N. Amer. Fauna, 43:39, September 23.
1960. _Oryzomys palustris aquaticus_, Hall, The Southwestern Nat., 5:173, November 1.
_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--North part of state, and coastal area south to Tampico.
Weights of two males were 80 and 82, and of a female 66 grams.
_Oryzomys palustris aquaticus_ differs from _O. p. peragrus_ in having a rich cinnamon, reddish color and the interorbital region constricted to less than 14.7 per cent of the greatest length of the skull. _O. p. peragrus_ is ochraceous and grayish. The least width of its interorbital region is more than 14.5 per cent of the greatest length of the skull. Individuals studied from the Sierra de Tamaulipas are typical _aquaticus_. Of those from Altamira, one has the color as in _aquaticus_, but the color of the other two resembles that of _peragrus_; nevertheless, all of the mentioned specimens are here assigned to _aquaticus_.
_Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 4: Sierra de Tamaulipas, 10 mi. W, 2 mi. S Piedra, 1200 ft., 1; 6 mi. N, 6 mi. W Altamira, 2; 5 mi. N, 5 mi. W Altamira, 1.
Additional records: Camargo (Goldman, 1918:40); Matamoros (_ibid._); near Cd. Tampico (Ingles, 1958:395).
=Oryzomys palustris peragrus= Merriam
1901. _Oryzomys mexicanus peragrus_ Merriam, Proc. Washington Acad. Sci., 3:283, July 26, type from Río Verde, San Luis Potosí.
1918. _Oryzomys couesi peragrus_, Goldman, N. Amer. Fauna, 43:39, September 23.
1960. _Oryzomys palustris peragrus_, Hall, The Southwestern Nat., 5:173, November 1.
_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Western part of state, along Sierra Madre Oriental.
Two males from Jaumave weighed 62 and 65 and one pregnant female weighed 67 grams.
Most records of _O. p. peragrus_ are from places along the Sierra Madre Oriental, but Lawrence (1947:103) recorded a specimen from the Río Corona, which is east of, but not far from the mentioned Sierra. Baker (1951:215) reported two specimens from two different localities labeled with reference to Ciudad Victoria (same specimens reported here) as _O. p. aquaticus_, but pointed out that they tended "toward the darker _O. c. peragrus_." Examination of more material and taking into consideration the relation between the interorbital constriction and the greatest length of skull, cause me here to refer those specimens to _peragrus_.
Hooper (1953:8) reported three young specimens from Rancho Pano Ayuctle as of the subspecies _aquaticus_, but study of two adults from the same locality reveals that this locality should be included within the geographic range of _peragrus_.
_Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 9: 36 km. N, 10 km. W Cd. Victoria, 1; Jaumave, 2400 ft., 5; Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 25 mi. N, 3 km. W El Mante, 2; 70 km. S Cd. Victoria (by highway) and 6 km. W of Highway, 1.
Additional records: Río Corana (Lawrence, 1947:103); Pano Ayuctle (Hooper, 1953:8).
=Oryzomys melanotis=
Black-eared Rice Rat
_Oryzomys melanotis_ occurs in Tamaulipas from Soto la Marina southward. Two subspecies are recorded: _O. m. carrorum_ in the north and _O. m. rostratus_ in the tropical area from Rancho Pano Ayuctle to Altamira.
Specimens from the Sierra de Tamaulipas were trapped along a stream, edged with trees, bushes and rocks; at Rancho Pano Ayuctle the animals were in grass between banana groves. The specimen from 70 kilometers south of Ciudad Victoria was taken in tall grass near a field of sugar cane in a line of traps that yielded also _Peromyscus leucopus_, _Sigmodon hispidus_, _Liomys irroratus_, and _Oryzomys fulvescens_. Hooper (1953:8) and Ingles (1959:395) reported _O. melanotis_ as caught at the edges of cane fields.
=Oryzomys melanotis carrorum= Lawrence
1947. _Oryzomys rostratus carrorum_ Lawrence, Proc. New England Zool. Club, 24:101, May 29, type from Rancho Santa Ana, about 8 mi. SW Padilla, Río Soto la Marina, Tamaulipas.
1959. _Oryzomys melanotis carrorum_, Hall and Kelson, The Mammals of North America, 2:560, March 21.
_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Southeast part of state; known only from the type locality and the Sierra de Tamaulipas.
The original description of this subspecies was based on three specimens collected at Rancho Santa Ana. Specimens examined from the Sierra de Tamaulipas extended the known range 45 miles southeast of the type locality, and also extend the previously known altitudinal range of 300-350 feet elevation to 1200 feet.
Specimens examined correspond in color and measurements to those recorded by Lawrence (1947:102-103). Of 12 specimens studied, the tympanic bullae of six touch the surface of the table when the skull rests on the tips of the incisors and the occipital condyles. In the other six the bullae are 0.3 to 1.3 mm. above the table top. The mesopterygoid space in the specimens examined are broad and U-shaped and not V-shaped as in the three specimens examined by Lawrence (_op. cit._). Weight of six males was 52.5 (48-63) and of four females 44.7 (40-49) grams.
_Measurements._--Average and extreme measurements of six males are as follows: 255.3 (240-269); 135.7 (120-147); 135.7 (120-147); 30.4 (30-31); 21 (20-22); greatest length of skull, 31.6 (30.9-32.5); zygomatic breadth, 15.3 (14.7-16.1); interorbital constriction, 4.8 (4.5-5.1); breadth of skull, 31.6 (30.9-32.5); length of nasals, 12.9 (12.4-13.4); length of anterior palatine foramina, 5.5 (5.2-5.7); length of palatal bridge, 6.1 (5.8-6.4); length of maxillary tooth-row, 4.0 (3.9-4.1). The females average slightly smaller.
_Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 12 from Sierra de Tamaulipas, 10 mi. W, 2 mi. S Piedra, 1200 ft.
Additional record: Type locality (Lawrence, 1947:102).
=Oryzomys melanotis rostratus= Merriam
1901. _Oryzomys rostratus_ Merriam, Proc. Washington Acad. Sci., 3:293. July 26, type from Metlatoyuca, Puebla.
1953. _Oryzomys melanotis rostratus_, Hooper, Occ. Papers Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan, 544:8, March 25.
_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Extreme southeastern part of state, in tropical area.
Ingles (1959:395) reported one specimen from two miles north of Ciudad Mante as _O. melanotis_; here it is referred to _O. m. rostratus_ on geographic grounds.
_Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 2: 2 km. W El Carrizo, 1; Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 25 mi. N El Mante and 3 km. W Highway, 1.
Additional records: 2 mi. N Cd. Mante (Ingles, 1959:395); Altamira (Goldman, 1918:54).
=Oryzomys alfaroi huastecae= Dalquest
1951. _Oryzomys alfaroi huastecae_ Dalquest, Jour. Washington Acad. Sci., 41:363, November 14, type from 10 km. E Platanito, San Luis Potosí.
_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only from Rancho del Cielo (Hooper, 1953:8).
=Oryzomys fulvescens=
Pygmy Rice Rat
The pygmy rice rat in Tamaulipas was collected in grass. Two kilometers west of El Carrizo in grass around a sugar cane field, traps, baited with scraps of deer meat, caught _Oryzomys fulvescens_, _Sigmodon hispidus_, _Peromyscus leucopus_ and _Liomys irroratus_. Seven kilometers north of Tampico, _O. fulvescens_ was taken along with _Peromyscus leucopus_, _Sigmodon hispidus_ and _Baiomys taylori_.
A female obtained on March 2, at Rancho Pano Ayuctle, had 4 embryos 16 mm. in crown-rump length.
=Oryzomys fulvescens fulvescens= (Saussure)
1860. _H[esperomys]. fulvescens_ Saussure, Revue et Mag. Zool., Paris, ser. 2, 12:102, March, type from Veracruz; fixed by Merriam (Proc. Washington Acad. Sci., 3:295, July 26, 1901) at Orizaba.
1897. _Oryzomys fulvescens_, J. A. Allen and Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 9:204, June 16.
_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Reported only from Rancho del Cielo (Goodwin, 1954:10).
=Oryzomys fulvescens engracie= Osgood
1945. _Oryzomys fulvescens engracie_ Osgood, Jour. Mamm., 26:300, November 14, type from Hacienda Santa Engracia (32 km. N), NW of Cd. Victoria, Tamaulipas.
_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Central and southeast parts of state.
_Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 13: 2 km. W El Carrizo, 5; Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 25 mi. N, 3 km. W El Mante, 6; 10 km. N, 8 km. W El Encino, 1; 7 km. N Tampico, 1.
Additional record: Altamira (Osgood, 1945:300).
=Reithrodontomys megalotis hooperi= Goodwin
Western Harvest Mouse
1954. _Reithrodontomys megalotis hooperi_ Goodwin, Amer. Mus. Novit., 1660:1, May 25, type from Rancho del Cielo, 5 mi. NW Gómez Farías, 3500 ft., Tamaulipas.
_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only from type locality.
=Reithrodontomys fulvescens=
Fulvous Harvest Mouse
This is the most common species of _Reithrodontomys_ in Tamaulipas; it occurs in almost all parts of the state, from sea level to high up in the mountains and from the tropical forest to the desert plain.
The three subspecies in the state are _R. f. intermedias_ in the northern half, _R. f. griseoflavus_ in the high parts of the Sierra Madre Oriental, and _R. f. tropicalis_ in the southeast. The lines between these subspecies are difficult to establish because the zones of intergradation are broad. Characters for separating the three subspecies in Tamaulipas are listed by Hooper (1952).
=Reithrodontomys fulvescens griseoflavus= Merriam
1901. _Reithrodontomys griseoflavus_ Merriam, Proc. Washington Acad. Sci., 3:553, November 29, type from Ameca, 4000 ft., Jalisco.
1952. _Reithrodontomys fulvescens griseoflavus_, Hooper, Miscl. Publ. Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan, 77:98, January 16.
_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only from Jaumave.
Only specimens from Jaumave are clearly _R. f. griseoflavus_; all others east of this locality are intergrades between _griseoflavus_ and _tropicalis_, under which latter subspecies they are included. In _griseoflavus_ the tail is longer in relation to the head and body, 141.2 (135-153) per cent, than in the other two subspecies that occur in Tamaulipas. The average weight of 14 males was 14 (12-16) grams.
_Record of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 15, from Jaumave, 2400 ft.
=Reithrodontomys fulvescens intermedius= J. A. Allen
1895. _Reithrodontomys mexicanus intermedius_ J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 7:136, May 21, type from Brownsville, Cameron Co., Texas.
1914. _Reithrodontomys fulvescens intermedius_, A. H. Howell, N. Amer. Fauna, 36:47, June 5.
_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Northern half of state.
No specimen of this subspecies has been examined. Jones and Anderson (1958:447) reported specimens from Rancho Pano Ayuctle as _R. f. intermedius_, but here those same specimens are assigned to _R. f. tropicalis_. J. A. Allen (1891:223) recorded specimens from Santa Teresa as _Ochetodon mexicanus_. According to Hooper (1952:142) that name was used by Allen for _R. fulvescens_. Allen's specimens from Santa Teresa are here referred to _R. f. intermedius_ on geographic grounds.
_Records_ (Hooper, 1952:108): Camargo, 200 ft.; 20 mi. S Reynosa, Charco Escondido; Matamoros, 30 ft.; 7.5 mi. S Matamoros; 29 mi. S Cd. Victoria, 800 ft.; Hacienda Santa Engracia, 800 ft.; Santa Teresa (50 mi. SW Matamoros); Sierra San Carlos (El Mulato, Tamaulipeca, 1500 ft.).
=Reithrodontomys fulvescens tropicalis= Davis
1944. _Reithrodontomys fulvescens tropicalis_ Davis, Jour. Mamm., 25:393, December 12, type from Boca del Río, 8 km. S city of Veracruz, Veracruz.
_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Tropical area in southeastern part of state.
Most of the specimens examined of _R. fulvescens_ are included in this subspecies, principally because of their reddish coloration that is characteristic of _R. f. tropicalis_. According to the original description by Davis (1944:393) this subspecies is smaller than _griseoflavus_ and the posterior border of the incisive foramina terminate anterior to the plane of the molars. But, these characteristics are not found in any specimen examined from Tamaulipas and the average of external measurements is more than those given by Hooper (1952:109) for _tropicalis_. Of all specimens from Tamaulipas, those from the vicinity of Altamira and Tampico are most nearly typical of _tropicalis_. Weights of seven males and five females, from the Sierra de Tamaulipas, were, respectively, 13 (11-15), and 11 (9-14) grams.
_Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 51: Rancho Santa Rosa, 25 km. N, 13 km. W Cd. Victoria, 1; Cd. Victoria, 3; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 10 mi. W, 2 mi. S Piedra, 1200 ft., 12; 2 km. W El Carrizo, 1; Ejido Santa Isabel, 2 km. W Pan-American Highway, 2000 ft., 14; Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 25 mi. N, 3 km. W El Mante, 300 ft., 4; Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 6 mi. N Gómez Farías, 300 ft., 4; 6 mi. N, 6 mi. W Altamira, 2; 1 mi. S Altamira, 3; 16 km. N Tampico, 3; 7 km. N Tampico, 4.
Additional records: Hidalgo (Hooper, 1952:110); 5 mi. NE Gómez Farías, 1100 ft. (_ibid._); La Azteca, 5 km. NNE Gómez Farías (Goodwin, 1954:11); Gómez Farías (_ibid._); Antiguo Morelos (Hooper, 1952:110); 2 mi. W Tampico (Ingles, 1959:396).
=Reithrodontomys mexicanus mexicanus= (Saussure)
Mexican Harvest Mouse
1860. _R[eithrodon]. mexicanus_ Saussure, Revue et Mag. Zool., Paris, ser. 2, 12:109, type from mountains of Veracruz; restricted to Mirador, Veracruz, by Hooper, Miscl. Publ. Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan, 77:140, January 16.
1914, _Reithrodontomys mexicanus mexicanus_, A. H. Howell, N. Amer. Fauna, 36:70, June 5. Not _Reithrodontomys mexicanus_ (Saussure), being instead of J. A. Allen, 1895:135, which in part equalled _Reithrodontomys fulvescens difficilis_.
_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known from two localities, but probably occurs in all tropical areas in south part of state.
As noted before, J. A. Allen (1891:223) reported specimens from Rancho Santa Rosa as _Ochetodon mexicanus_, but he used this name for the species now known as _R. fulvescens_.
The specimen examined, previously reported by Jones and Anderson (1958:447), represents the northernmost occurrence of the species.
_Records of occurrence._--One specimen examined from Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 6 mi. N Gómez Farías, 300 ft.
Additional record: Rancho del Cielo, 3500 ft. (Hooper, 1952:144).
=Peromyscus maniculatus blandus= Osgood
Deer Mouse
1904. _Peromyscus sonoriensis blandus_ Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 17:56, March 21, type from Escalón, Chihuahua.
1909. _Peromyscus maniculatus blandus_ Osgood, N. Amer. Fauna, 28:84, April 17.
_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Reported only from Miquihuana (Osgood, 1909:86).
=Peromyscus melanotis= J. A. Allen and Chapman
Black-eared Mouse
1897. _Peromyscus melanotis_ J. A. Allen and Chapman, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 9:203, June 16, type from Las Vigas, Veracruz.
_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only from Miquihuana (Osgood, 1909:112).
=Peromyscus leucopus texanus= (Woodhouse)
White-footed Mouse
1853. _Hesperomys texana_ Woodhouse, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 6:242, type probably from vicinity of Mason, Mason Co., Texas.
1909. _Peromyscus leucopus texanus_, Osgood, N. Amer. Fauna, 28:127, April 17.
_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Over all of state.
This is the most common species of the genus _Peromyscus_ in Tamaulipas. It and _Liomys irroratus_ are the two rodents most easily trapped throughout the state. In general _P. l. texanus_ occurs in forested and brushy areas especially under 1200 feet in elevation, as was noted in the Sierra de Tamaulipas, where _P. l. texanus_ was taken commonly at elevations of up to 1200 feet. Above this elevation the species was rare and _P. pectoralis_ and _P. boylii_ were more abundant than at lower elevations. The three specimens of _P. l. texanus_ from 12 kilometers north and four kilometers west of Ciudad Victoria were trapped in a line of 110 traps set near tree stumps. Small burrows in the ground were noted here. The forest at this locality was composed of mesquite, ebony, acacias, a few yuccas and "nopales" (= cactuses); the ground was covered by cat claw.
Of the many young taken, 15 specimens were saved from Ejido Santa Isabel where _P. leucopus_ was abundant in an area of chaparral consisting of wild "tomate," "zapote," "huizache" and "salvadora." Most of the specimens caught at this locality were taken between 7:30 and 9:30 p. m. in traps baited with a mixture of rolled oats, peanut butter and banana. Specimens from 53 kilometers north of El Limón were taken along with _Liomys irroratus_; the specimen from two kilometers west of El Carrizo was trapped near a dead mesquite log. _Reitrodontomys fulvescens_ was taken in the same area. Four specimens of _P. leucopus_ were taken at Rancho Pano Ayuctle, around a big pile of old firewood in an abandoned sugar mill. At the locality six miles north and six miles west of Altamira, _P. leucopus_ was found in cultivated fields and along the grassy roadsides; in the vicinity of Tampico specimens were taken in an area of forested cactus-thorn. The specimen from seven kilometers south and two kilometers west of San Fernando was found in a trap set at the base of "nopal" cactus, which was surrounded by bushes and small trees (10-12 feet high).
Breeding records are as follows: Rancho Pano Ayuctle, on February 15, one female carried 2 embryos of 23 mm. in crown-rump length; Jaumave, July 26 to 29, five females, averaging 4.6 (3-6) embryos of 7 (3-15) mm., two females lactating, one on May 25 and the other on July 26; Ejido Santa Isabel, on January 20 to 25, three females lactating; Soto la Marina, on May 16, one female lactating.
Average weights were as follows: from Jaumave four pregnant females, 28.0 (25-33), eight males, 23.4 (21-27); from the Sierra de Tamaulipas, eight females non-pregnant, 21.2 (18-26), 14 males, 22.0 (19-27); from 6 mi. N, 6 mi. W Altamira, six males, 23.5 (21-27).
All specimens examined from Tamaulipas are assigned to _P. l. texanus_ because their coloration is pale. Even so the color varies some according to locality; specimens from Rancho Pano Ayuctle and the Sierra de Tamaulipas have much of the cinnamon color that is characteristic of _P. l. incensus_ from farther south, but even so specimens from the two localities last mentioned are paler than those from Veracruz that are typical _incensus_.
Goldman (1942:158) reported specimens from Altamira as _P. l. incensus_, in which subspecies Ingles (1959:397) included specimens from two miles west of Tampico, but specimens examined from the same area do not differ from individuals from far north thereof; for this reason I identify specimens from these localities as _texanus_. Osgood (1909:131) and Hooper (1953:7) also referred specimens from the southern part of Tamaulipas to _texanus_. These two authors examined 156 specimens and did not find any intergradation between _texanus_ and _incensus_, but to me, the cinnamon tones of specimens from Rancho Pano Ayuctle and the Sierra de Tamaulipas, suggest intergradation between the two subspecies.
Osgood's (1909:265) measurements of _P. l. texanus_, from Brownsville, Texas, and those of 40 specimens from different localities in Tamaulipas are about the same except that the anterior palatine foramina average longer in Tamaulipas. Baker's (1956:262) specimens from Coahuila, averaged larger even than Tamaulipan specimens. Another difference between Osgood's measurements and Baker's was the shorter 3.4 (3.0-3.7) maxillary tooth-row in Tamaulipan specimens.
Hooper (1953:7) recorded specimens from General Terán, as in Tamaulipas; actually this locality is in Nuevo León.
_Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 149: 4.5 mi. S Nuevo Laredo, 1; 3 mi. SE Reynosa, 2; 7 km. S, 2 km. W San Fernando, 1; Villa Mainero, 1700 ft., 1; Rancho Santa Rosa, 25 km. N, 13 km. W Cd. Victoria, 260 m., 2; 9.5 mi. SW Padilla, 800 ft., 2; 15 mi. N Cd. Victoria, 2; 4 mi. N La Pesca, 1; Soto la Marina, 11; La Pesca, 1; 12 km. N, 4 km. W Cd. Victoria, 3; 7 km. NE Cd. Victoria, 1; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 10 mi. W, and 2 mi. S Piedra, 1200 ft., 31; Ejido Eslabones, 10 mi. W, 2 mi. S Piedra, 1200 ft., 6; Jaumave, 20; Ejido Santa Isabel, 2 km. W Pan-American Highway, 2000 ft., 15; 53 km. N El Limón, 12 km. S Río Guayalejo, 5; Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 25 mi. N El Mante, 3 km. W Highway, 300 ft., 16; Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 6 mi. N Gómez Farías, 300 ft., 7; 8 km. W, 10 km. N El Encino, 400 ft., 3; 8 mi. N Tula, 4500 ft., 2; 2 km. W El Carrizo, 3; 6 mi. N, 6 mi. W Altamira, 9; 16 km. N Tampico, 1; 7 km. N Tampico, 3.
Additional records (Osgood, 1909:131, unless otherwise noted): Nuevo Laredo; Mier; Camargo; near Bagdad; Sierra San Carlos (Hooper, 1953:7); Matamoros-Victoria Highway (_ibid._); Charco Escondido (Baird, 1858:464); Hidalgo; Cd. Victoria; 10 mi. NE Zamorina (Hooper, 1953:7); Gómez Farías (Goodwin, 1954:12); Chamal (_ibid._); Tula (Hooper, 1953:7); Antiguo Morelos (_ibid._); Altamira (Goldman, 1942:158); 2 mi. W Tampico (Ingles, 1959:397); Tampico.
=Peromyscus boylii=
Brush Mouse
Specimens examined were obtained at higher elevations in the oak-tree zone of the Sierras in traps set among rocks, trees and in grassy areas. _Peromyscus boylii_ was trapped in the same area as was _P. pectoralis_ and no habitat distinction between the two was noted. Some behavioral differences, however, are pointed out in the account of _P. pectoralis_. Morphological differences between these two species in Tamaulipas were reported by Hooper (1952:372).
A female taken on August 5 in the Sierra Madre Oriental carried two embryos 15 mm. in crown-rump length.
For the taxonomic status of _P. boylii_ in Tamaulipas see Alvarez (1961).
=Peromyscus boylii ambiguus= Alvarez
1961. _Peromyscus boylii ambiguus_ Alvarez, Univ. Kansas Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist., 14:118, December 29, type from Monterrey, Nuevo León.
_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only from the Sierra San Carlos.
_Record of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 7 (UMMZ), all from La Vegonia, Sierra San Carlos.
=Peromyscus boylii levipes= Merriam
1898. _Peromyscus levipes_ Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 12:123, April 30, type from Mt. Malinche, 8400 ft., Tlaxcala.
1909. _Peromyscus boylii levipes_, Osgood, N. Amer. Fauna, 28:153, April 17.
_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Central and southern parts of state.
Weights of 19 males and 18 females from the Sierra Madre Oriental are, respectively, 25.2 (22-30) and 23.6 (20-29); weights of eight males and five females from the Sierra de Tamaulipas are 24.9 (22-32) and 29.6 (24-31).
_Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 54: Sierra Madre Oriental, 8 mi. S, 6 mi. W Victoria, 4000 ft., 37; 5 mi. S, 3 mi. W Victoria, 1900 ft., 2; Ejido Eslabones, 10 mi. W, 2 mi. S Piedra, 1200 ft., 1; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 11 mi. W, 8 mi. S Piedra, 2000 ft., 13; 2 km. W El Carrizo, 1.
Additional records: Rancho del Cielo (Hooper, 1953:7); 3 mi. NW Acuña (_ibid._); Rancho Viejo (Goodwin, 1954:12); Santa María (_ibid._); Joya de Salas (_ibid._).
=Peromyscus pectoralis=
White-ankled Mouse
_Peromyscus pectoralis_ and _P. boylii_ are closely related morphologically and seem to occupy the same habitat. In the Sierra Madre Oriental, according to the field notes of the collector (Heinrich, June 6 to August 5, 1953), individuals of _P. pectoralis_ had a pinkish coloration on the mouth and forefeet produced by the juice of the "nopal" cactus fruit, on which obviously the mice feed, whereas only a few specimens of _boylii_ were thus discolored. It was noted that _boylii_ was feeding on acorns. Furthermore, the two species may differ in time of breeding; in August, males of _pectoralis_ had the testes well developed when those organs were small in _boylii_ collected at the same locality.
A specimen from 53 kilometers north of El Limón, was shot at a height of 10 feet on a concrete underpass. Other specimens were taken in a trap line that yielded _Peromyscus boylii_, _P. leucopus_ and _Liomys irroratus_.
Two subspecies of _P. pectoralis_ occur in Tamaulipas: _P. p. collinus_ is widely distributed in the central and western parts of the state and _P. p. eremicoides_ occurs only in the western "corner" of the state.
=Peromyscus pectoralis collinus= Hooper
1952. _Peromyscus pectoralis collinus_ Hooper, Jour. Mamm., 33:372, August 19, type from San José, 2000 ft., Sierra San Carlos, 12 mi. NW San Carlos, Tamaulipas.
_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Along the central and western mountains.
A female obtained on January 21 at a place 53 kilometers north of El Limón, contained three embryos. A lactating female was taken on August 2 in the Sierra Madre Oriental. Males, as previously noted, had well-developed testes in August. The weights of 17 males and 20 females from the Sierra de Tamaulipas were, respectively, 26.6 (24-33), and 25.6 (21-31) grams.
Measurements of specimens from different localities in Tamaulipas averaged about the same, except that those of specimens from Palmillas, averaged smaller. The small size suggests intergradation between the subspecies _collinus_ and _eremicoides_. The latter occurs to the west and differs from _collinus_ in smaller size, more grayish coloration, completely white tarsal joint and relatively longer tail. Hooper (1952:374) reported specimens from Jaumave as intergrades between the two subspecies before mentioned and Osgood (1909:164) identified two specimens from there as _eremicoides_. In the present account, individuals from Palmillas and Jaumave are referred to _collinus_.
_Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 101: 7 km. SW La Purisima, 1; Sierra Madre Oriental, 5 mi. S, 3 mi. W Victoria, 1900 ft., 12; Sierra Madre Oriental, 8 mi. S, 6 mi. W Victoria, 4000 ft., 16; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 2 mi. S, 10 mi. W Piedra, 1200 ft., 36; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 3 mi. S, 14 mi. W Piedra, 1200 ft., 14; 14 mi. N, 6 mi. W Palmillas, 5500 ft., 1; Palmillas, 4400 ft., 3; 53 km. N El Limón, 12 km. S Río Guayalejo, 5; Joya Verde, 35 km. SW Victoria, 3800 ft., 9; 10 km. N, 8 km. El Encino, 400 ft., 1; 8 km. NE Antiguo Morelos, 500 ft., 3.
Additional records (Hooper, 1952:374, unless otherwise noted): Sierra San Carlos (Marmolejo, 1700 ft., San José, 2000 ft., Tamaulipeca, 1500 ft., La Vegonia, 2900 ft.); Villagran, 1300 ft.; Cd. Victoria; near Jaumave, 2400 ft.; Sierra de Tamaulipas, near Acuña, 1600 ft.; La Joya de Salas (Goodwin, 1954:12).
=Peromyscus pectoralis eremicoides= Osgood
1904. _Peromyscus attwateri eremicoides_ Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 17:60, March 21, type from Mapimi, Durango.
1909. _Peromyscus pectoralis eremicoides_, Lyon and Osgood, Bull. U. S. Nat. Mus., 62:128, January 28.
_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only from Miquihuana and vicinity of Tula.
The two specimens from Miquihuana are typical _P. pectoralis eremicoides_ in external and cranial measurements. Specimens from nine miles southwest of Tula are characteristic of _eremicoides_ in cranial measurements but the tail is shorter than usual for this subspecies, in this respect approaching _P. p. lacianus_.
_Measurements._--Average and extreme measurements of 10 specimens from nine miles southwest of Tula and measurements of two males (56169, 56415) from Miquihuana are, respectively, as follows: 181.5 (173-197), 180, 197; 96.2; (87-110), 103, 113; 20.2 (19.0-21.5), 21, 21; 18.1 (16.5-19.0), 18, --; greatest length of skull, 24.8 (24.1-25.6), 25.5, 25.6; length of nasals, 9.0 (8.6-9.3), 9.3, 9.3; zygomatic breadth, 12.2 (11.7-12.8), 12.3, 12.9; interorbital constriction, 3.8 (3.7-4.0), 3.7, 3.9; length of maxillary tooth-row, 3.6 (3.5-3.7), 3.6, 3.8. Weights of the 10 specimens from nine miles southwest of Tula average 17.9 (16-24) grams.
_Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 28: Miquihuana, 6200 ft., 2; Nicolás, 56 km. NW Tula, 5500 ft., 1; Tajada, 23 mi. NW Tula, 5200 ft., 1; 8 mi. N Tula, 4500 ft., 2; 9 mi. SW Tula, 3900 ft., 19; 17 mi. SW Tula, 3900 ft., 3.
=Peromyscus melanophrys consobrinus= Osgood
Plateau Mouse
1904. _Peromyscus melanophrys consobrinus_ Osgood, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 17:66, March 21, type from Berriozabal, Zacatecas.
_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Mexican Plateau part of state.
A lactating female caught on July 20 and four males from Miquihuana weighed, respectively, 51, and 50.2 (47-54) grams. A female, taken on July 24, 14 miles north and six miles west of Palmillas in a valley covered by mesquite and other bushes, had 3 embryos 10 mm. in crown-rump length, and weighed 60 grams. One specimen from nine miles southwest of Tula was caught in an outcrop of rocks and two others were taken among bushes on the desert. A female on October 10 carried 4 embryos 2 mm. in crown-rump length.
Specimens of _P. melanophrys_ here listed are the first to be reported from Tamaulipas. They are assigned to the subspecies _consobrinus_ on the basis of dark color and because their size closely corresponds to that of the holotype. The specimen from the vicinity of Palmillas and one from Miquihuana (56408) are larger than the others and grayish.
A specimen (56413) from Miquihuana lacks all the molariform teeth. Its alveoli in one maxilla are closed and those in the opposite maxilla are more open than is normal.
_Measurements._--Average and extreme measurements of four males, two females (56413, 56408) from Miquihuana, and a female (56414) from 14 miles north and 6 miles west of Palmillas, are, respectively, as follows: total length (two males only), 249, 245, 265, 247, 280; length of tail vertebrae (two males only), 137, 134, 141, 131, 157; length of hind foot, 26.7 (26-27), 27, 27, 27; ear from notch, 23.7 (23-24), 25, 24, 25; greatest length of skull, 30.3 (29.5-31.0), 31.2, 31.8, 32.2; interorbital constriction, 4.8 (4.7-4.9), 4.9, 4.8, 5.0; length of palatine slits, 6.6 (6.2-6.8), 6.9, 6.9, 6.8; length of diastema, 8.1 (8.0-8.3), --, 8.5, 8.5; alveolar length of maxillary tooth-row, 4.5 (4.3-4.7), --, 4.3, 4.6.
_Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 16: Miquihuana, 6200 ft., 6; 14 mi. N, 6 mi. W Palmillas, 5500 ft., 1; Nicolás, 56 km. NW Tula, 5500 ft., 6; 9 mi. SW Tula, 3900 ft., 3.
=Peromyscus difficilis petricola= Hoffmeister and de la Torre
Zacatecan Deer Mouse
1959. _Peromyscus difficilis petricola_ Hoffmeister and de la Torre, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 72:167, November 4, type from 12 mi. E San Antonio de las Alazanas, 9000 ft., Coahuila.
_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Westernmost part of state.
The three specimens from Miquihuana were collected among rocks and stumps, in an oak forest. The specimens from 20 miles north of Tula were collected after midnight on a hillside covered mainly with juniper brush. A female (October 11) carried 3 embryos 26 mm. in crown-rump length.
_Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 6: Miquihuana, 8500 ft., 3; 20 mi. N Tula, 5800 ft., 3.
=Peromyscus ochraventer= Baker
El Carrizo Deer Mouse
1951. _Peromyscus ochraventer_ Baker, Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 5:213, December 15, type from 70 km. (by highway) S Ciudad Victoria, 6 km. W Pan-American Highway at El Carrizo, Tamaulipas.
_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Vicinity of the type locality.
The series of specimens examined was the same used by the original describer of the species. He (1951:214-215) pointed out that the mice were taken in junglelike forest among rocks and adjacent to logs. Burrows extended beneath large blocks of limestone, and each burrow where a mouse was caught was marked by a pile of excavated earth resembling a tiny mound left by a pocket gopher. These burrows were at an elevation of approximately 2800 feet above sea level on the steep sides of a small hill in an area where the vegetation was intermediate between that of the arid and humid subdivisions of the tropical region. Each of two females, captured on January 13, carried five placental scars; one of the females was lactating.
_Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 24, from the type locality.
Additional records (Goodwin, 1954:12): Gómez Farías; Rancho del Cielo; Joya de Salas.
=Baiomys taylori taylori= (Thomas)
Northern Pygmy Mouse
1887. _Hesperomys (Vesperimus) taylori_ Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 5, 19:66, January, type from San Diego, Duval Co., Texas.
1907. _Baiomys taylori_ Mearns, U. S. Nat. Mus., Bull. 56:381, April 13.
_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--All of state, except southwestern desert part.
The species of this genus have been revised recently by Packard (1960) and the specimens from Tamaulipas are arranged according to his systematic findings. The weight of 35 specimens labeled with reference to Altamira are 7.6 (6.0-9.0) grams; 15 from Jaumave weigh 6.9 (6.0-9.0) grams. Pregnant females were collected as follows: February 22, Ejido Santa Isabel, 3 (embryos x 4 mm. in crown-rump length); March 2, Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 6 x 16; July 9, six miles north and six miles west of Altamira, 1 x 4; July 28 and 29, Jaumave, 2 x 8 and 3 x 9. The average number of embryos was 2.8 (1-5).
_Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 83: 4 mi. N La Pesca, 1; Cd. Victoria, 3; Jaumave, 2400 ft., 17; Ejido Santa Isabel, 2 km. W Pan-American Highway, 2000 ft., 7; Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 25 mi. N, 3 km. W El Mante, 300 ft., 4; Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 6 mi. N Gómez Farías, 300 ft., 1; Río Sabinas, 8 km. N El Encino, 400 ft., 1; 2 km. W El Carrizo, 2; 6 mi. N, 6 mi. W Altamira, 33; 5 mi. N, 5 mi. W Altamira, 4; 1 mi. S Altamira, 3; 16 km. N Tampico, 4; 10 mi. NW Tampico, 1; 7 mi. S Altamira, 1; 1 km. N Tampico, 1.
Additional records (Packard, 1960:654): Camargo; Charco Escondido, 20 mi. S Reynosa; Matamoras (= Matamoros); Hidalgo; 29 mi. N Cd. Victoria; Antiguo Morelos.
=Onychomys leucogaster longipes= Merriam
Northern Grasshopper Mouse
1889. _Onychomys longipes_ Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 2:1, October 30, type from Concho County, Texas.
1913. _Onychomys leucogaster longipes_, Hollister, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 26:216, December 20.
_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--From Ciudad Victoria northward.
Only a young female was examined; she weighed 22 grams and extends the known range 59 miles eastward from Ciudad Victoria.
_Record of occurrence._--One specimen examined from Soto la Marina, 500 ft.
Additional records (Hollister, 1914:253): Camargo; Reynosa; [Cd.] Victoria.
=Onychomys torridus subrufus= Hollister
Southern Grasshopper Mouse
1914. _Onychomys torridus subrufus_ Hollister, Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 47:472, October 29, type from Miquihuana, Tamaulipas.
_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--West of Sierra Madre Oriental.
The six specimens examined were collected in the desert area west of the Sierra Madre Oriental. At Nicolás a trap set in front of a hole held one specimen, and another was trapped beneath a brush fence that inclosed a cornfield. _Dipodomys merriami_ and _Perognathus penicillatus_ also were trapped beneath the fence.
A subadult from Nicolás is slightly larger (see measurements) than either of two subadults from four miles north of Jaumave and an old specimen from eight miles north of Tula, except in the interorbital constriction, which is narrower. Nevertheless measurements of Tamaulipan _Onychomys torridus_ resemble those given by Hollister (1914:483) for _O. t. subrufus_. A specimen from Nicolás is also darker than other individuals examined.
A female taken on July 15, four miles north of Jaumave, was lactating.
_Measurements._--Measurements of a female from Nicolás, a male from eight miles north of Tula, and a female and a male from four miles north of Jaumave are as follows: 158, 147, 145, 144; 59, 58, 55, 55; 22, 21, 22, 22; 21, 20.5, 18, 18; condylobasal length, 24.4, 23.1, 23.9, 23.7; interorbital constriction, 4.1, 4.4, 4.3, 4.5; length of nasals, 10.6, 10.5, 10.5, 10.1; length of maxillary tooth-row, 3.8, 3.6, 3.7, 3.7; breadth of braincase, 11.8, 11.3, 11.3, 11.0; weight in grams, 32.5, 26.0, 25.0, 25.0.
_Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 6: 4 mi. N Jaumave, 2; Nicolás, 56 km. NW Tula, 5500 ft., 2; Tajada, 23 mi. NW Tula, 5200 ft., 1; 8 mi. N Tula, 4500 ft., 1.
Additional records (Hollister, 1914:475): Miquihuana; Jaumave.
=Sigmodon hispidus=
Hispid Cotton Rat
This species, as is known, is active by day and by night. It occurs mainly in grassy areas and most of the specimens examined were trapped there. But, one mile east of La Pesca, specimens were taken on a beach having sparse grass. _Neotoma micropus_ and _Spermophilus spilosoma_, but no smaller rodents, were taken there. Also, many crabs were found in the traps. Possibly only the relatively large rodents are able to compete successfully with the crabs. The specimen from one kilometer east of El Barretal was caught in a rat-trap set in front of small hole in a fence of dead brush that surrounded a cornfield. The area outside the fence supported mesquite and ebony trees (10-12 feet high) and the ground was covered with cat claw. Six miles north and six miles west of Altamira, the two young specimens were taken on a small grassy island surrounded by mud.
According to natives, _Sigmodon_ injures corn and sugar cane. Probably other species of rodents are responsible for some or all of such damage since other kinds of rodents were taken in the same areas.
Dice (1937:245) reported females from the Sierra San Carlos that carried 8 embryos of 18 mm., 5 × 33, 7 embryos very small, and 8 × 20. Females were collected on July 22, 29, and 30.
=Sigmodon hispidus berlandieri= Baird
1855. _Sigmodon berlandieri_ Baird, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 7:333, type from Río Nazas, Coahuila.
1902. _Sigmodon hispidus berlandieri_, V. Bailey, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 15:106, June 2.
_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--From Jaumave and Llera to north.
This subspecies is distinguished from _S. h. toltecus_ by larger size and paler, grayish coloration.
TABLE 3.--DATA ON REPRODUCTION.
=========================+=============+=========+============= LOCALITY | Date | Embryos | Size in mm. -------------------------+-------------+---------+------------- 4 mi. N La Pesca | May 26 | 4 | 30 Sierra de Tamaulipas | June 10 | 3 | 10 Sierra de Tamaulipas | June 11 | 4 | 10 Sierra de Tamaulipas | June 20 | 2 | 20 Ciudad Victoria | July 12 | 5 | 5 Jaumave | July 28 | 4 | 14 Jaumave | July 29 | 6 | 25 San Fernando | August 30 | 7 | 20 San Fernando | August 31 | 8 | 11 Vicinity of Nuevo Laredo | November 15 | 3 | 5 Vicinity of Nuevo Laredo | November 16 | 5 | 2 -------------------------+-------------+---------+-------------
Baker (1951:216) reported a specimen from 35 kilometers north and 10 kilometers west of Ciudad Victoria (= 1 km. E El Barretal) as _S. h. toltecus_. Comparison of its skull with those from the vicinity of Altamira (_S. h. toltecus_) and those from Jaumave (_S. h. berlandieri_) shows that the skull from El Barretal closely resembles those from Jaumave, in having the zygomatic arches more nearly parallel and the braincase more rounded than in skulls from Altamira. Therefore the specimen from the vicinity of El Barretal is here assigned to _S. h. berlandieri_.
_Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 64: 4-1/2 mi. S Nuevo Laredo, 600 ft., 1; 10 mi. S, 11 mi. E Nuevo Laredo, 8; San Fernando, 180 ft., 8; 4 mi. N La Pesca, 10; 3 mi. N La Pesca, 1; 1 mi. E La Pesca, 3; Soto la Marina, 500 ft., 1; 36 km. N, 10 km. W Cd. Victoria, 1 km. E El Barretal, Río Purificación, 1; Cd. Victoria, 1; 2 km. W Pan-American Highway (12 km. S Llera), Ejido Santa Isabel, 2000 ft., 1; Jaumave, 2400 ft., 29.
Additional records: Matamoros (Baird, 1858:506); Sierra San Carlos (El Mulato, Tamaulipeca, San Miguel) (Dice, 1937:254); Mesa de Llera (Hooper, 1953:9); Tamaulipas [state?] (Baird, 1858:506).
=Sigmodon hispidus solus= Hall
1951. _Sigmodon hispidus solus_ Hall, Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 5:42, October 1, type from island 88 mi. S, 10 mi. W Matamoros, Tamaulipas.
_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only from two specimens from the type locality.
=Sigmodon hispidus toltecus= (Saussure)
1860. [_Hesperomys_] _toltecus_ Saussure, Revue et Mag. Zool., Paris, ser. 2, 12:98, type from mountains of Veracruz [probably near Mirador, Dalquest, Louisiana State Univ. Studies, Biol. Sci. Series, 1:163, December 28, 1953].
1902. _Sigmodon hispidus toltecus_, V. Bailey, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 15:110, June 2.
_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Tropical region in southern part of state. The specimen reported by Baker (1951:216) from one mile east of El Barretal is here referred to _S. h. berlandieri_.
_Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 69: Sierra de Tamaulipas, 10 mi. W, 2 mi. S Piedra, 1200 ft., 24; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 11 mi. W, 8 mi. S Piedra, 2000 ft., 1; Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 25 mi. N El Mante, 3 km. W highway, 300 ft., 3; Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 6 mi. N Gómez Farías, 300 ft., 3; 8 km. W, 10 km. N El Encino, 400 ft., 2; 2 km. W El Carrizo, 2100 ft., 20; 6 mi. N, 6 mi. W Altamira, 8; 6 mi. N, 4 mi. W Altamira, 1; 5 mi. N, 5 mi. W Altamira, 3; 1 mi. S Altamira, 1; 16 km. N Tampico, 3.
Additional records: Rancho del Cielo, 15 to 20 mi. S Mesa de Llera (Hooper, 1953:9); Cd. Mante (Ingles, 1959:398); Tampico (Booth, 1957:15).
=Neotoma albigula subsolana= Alvarez
White-throated Woodrat
1962. _Neotoma albigula subsolana_ Alvarez, Univ. Kansas Publ. Mus. Nat. Hist., 14:141, April 30, type from Miquihuana, 6400 ft., Tamaulipas.
_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Western side of Sierra Madre Oriental.
At Nicolás specimens were taken in traps set along a thorn fence and at Tajada two specimens were trapped along a rock wall. At other places some specimens were brought in by natives who captured the rats by tearing apart their houses.
Five females taken on October 18 at Nicolás carried embryos (one to two per female), which averaged 22.2 (11-45) mm. in crown-rump length. Another female, taken nine miles southwest of Tula on October 13, carried 2 embryos that were 35 mm. in crown-rump length. The average weight of the five pregnant females was 196.7 (183-207) grams. The average weights of nine adult males and six non-pregnant females from Miquihuana were, respectively, 215.6 (175-250) and 162.5 (155-175) grams.
_Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 51: Miquihuana, 6400 ft., 22; Joya Verde, 35 km. SW Cd. Victoria (on Jaumave Road) 3800 ft., 2; Nicolás, 56 km. NW Tula, 5500 ft., 10; Tajada, 23 mi. NW Tula, 5200 ft, 2; 9 mi. SW Tula, 3900 ft., 15.
Additional record: Jaumave (Goldman, 1910:37).
=Neotoma angustapalata= Baker
Tamaulipas Wood Rat
1951. _Neotoma angustapalata_ Baker, Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 5:217, December 15, type from 70 km. by highway S Ciudad Victoria, and 6 km. W Pan-American highway at El Carrizo, Tamaulipas.
_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Southern part of state; presently known from two localities.
Baker (1951:218) reported that specimens from the type locality were taken in crevices among rocks on a small hillside that supported a sparse cover of vegetation growing from a deep layer of humus. The specimen from eight kilometers west and 10 kilometers north of El Encino was shot about 40 yards from the entrance to a large cave, but no sign of wood rats were found there. Hooper (1953:9) reported that _N. angustapalata_ occupied caves at Rancho del Cielo, where a female with two nursing young was taken.
When Baker (_op. cit._) described _Neotoma angustapalata_ on the basis of two specimens from El Carrizo, he assigned the species to the _N. mexicana_ group because of the deep anterointernal re-entrant angle of M1. The deep angle found in _N. mexicana_ differs markedly from the typical condition in either _N. micropus_ or _N. albigula_. Study of the cranial characters and bacula of specimens of _N. micropus_ and _N. angustapalata_ tends to corroborate the statement of Hooper (1953:10), who commented on the taxonomic relationships of _N. angustapalata_ as follows: "It should be pointed out that all characters considered ... the specimens [_angustapalata_] appear to be large, deeply pigmented examples of the species _N. micropus_ notwithstanding the deep anterior fold in M1. The presence of that deep fold is far from an absolute character in the _mexicanus_ [_sic_] group."
My study of 48 crania of _N. micropus_ from Tamaulipas reveals that the depth of the re-entrant angle of M1 is extremely variable, from almost absent in some individuals to deep (as in _angustapalata_) in others. Four specimens, one (56958) from the Sierra de Tamaulipas and three (56960, 56965, 56966) from the vicinity of Altamira, have the re-entrant angle as deep as in the holotype and topotype of _angustapalata_.
Comparison of the bacula of the holotype and one topotype of _angustapalata_ with 15 bacula of _N. micropus_ reveal that on the average the baculum of _angustapalata_ differs from that of _micropus_ in being longer, and narrower at the base (greatest length, 7.1, width at base, 3.4 mm., in the topotype). One specimen of _N. micropus littoralis_ from the vicinity of Altamira, however, has a baculum of the same shape as in _angustapalata_ (this same specimen is one of the three from there in which the re-entrant angle of the M1 is deep). The shape of the baculum among specimens of _micropus_ is highly variable and bacula of specimens from different localities frequently are slightly different (see Fig. 5).
The known distributions of _N. micropus_ and _N. angustapalata_ do not overlap (neither does the distribution of _N. albigula_ overlap with either in Tamaulipas). The four specimens of _N. micropus_ having the deep re-entrant angle in M1 are from localities near where the ranges of _angustapalata_ and _micropus_ probably meet. This could be interpreted in two ways: (1) these four specimens can be regarded as intergrades between _angustapalata_ and _micropus_, in which case the former species should be placed as a subspecies of the latter. Or the four specimens, which were collected along with other specimens that lack deep re-entrant angles in the M1, can be assigned, on the basis of the deep angle, to _angustapalata_, in which case the species _micropus_ and _angustapalata_ would be in part sympatric. Until more material from critical areas is available for study, I continue to recognize _angustapalata_ as a monotypic species. I agree with Hooper that it is closely related to _N. micropus_.
_Measurements._--A female (58865) from 8 km. west and 10 km. north of El Encino, measured as follows: 404; 198; 41; 32; greatest length of skull, 49.7; basilar length, 40.8; zygomatic breadth, 25.9; length of nasals, 18.8; length of incisive foramina, 10.8; length of maxillary tooth-row, 9.9; greatest breadth of interpterygoid space, 4.0.
_Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 3: 8 km. W, 10 km. N El Encino, 400 ft., 1; type locality, 2.
=Neotoma micropus=
Southern Plains Wood Rat
Most of the specimens examined were trapped in brushy areas. On the Sierra de Tamaulipas, wood rats were caught in steel traps set near or between rocks. In the vicinity of La Pesca, specimens were trapped on the beach where _Spermophilus spilosoma_ and _Sigmodon hispidus_ were taken also.
Two females, obtained on May 19 and June 10 at Soto la Marina and on the Sierra de Tamaulipas, respectively, each carried 2 embryos that were 40 mm. in crown-rump length. Dice (1937:254) reported that two females collected on July 24 and August 16 on the Sierra San Carlos each carried 2 embryos that ranged from 34 to 36 mm. in crown-rump length.
_Neotoma micropus_ occurs throughout the Tamaulipan Biotic Province and is represented in Tamaulipas by two subspecies, each of which has its type locality in the state. Intergradation between the two takes place at Soto la Marina.
=Neotoma micropus littoralis= Goldman
1905. _Neotoma micropus littoralis_ Goldman, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 18:31, February 2, type from Altamira, 100 ft., Tamaulipas.
_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--From the Sierra de Tamaulipas southward.
Weight of two males and three non-pregnant females was 248, 254, 185, 210, 240 grams, respectively.
_Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 14: Sierra de Tamaulipas, 2 mi. S, 10 mi. W Piedra, 1200 ft., 6; 6 mi. N, 6 mi. W Altamira, 8.
Additional record: Altamira (Goldman, 1910:29).
=Neotoma micropus micropus= Baird
1855. _Neotoma micropus_ Baird, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 7:333, April, type from Charco Escondido, Tamaulipas.
_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--From Soto la Marina northward.
The weight of five males and four females from Soto la Marina averaged, respectively, 256.4 (210-317) and 233.0 (195-274) grams.
A specimen (56924) from La Pesca differs from all other specimens of _N. micropus_ examined in being smaller, having a conspicuously shorter rostrum, broader intraorbital canal, and lower broader braincase. External measurements of this specimen are as follows: 347; 155; 39; --. Its cranial measurements are: greatest length, 44.8; basilar length, 34.3; zygomatic breadth, 23.6; interorbital constriction, 6.2; incisive foramina, 6.5; length of maxillary tooth-row, 8.7; width of mesopterygoid fossa, 4.1.
_Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 58: 4 mi. SW Nuevo Laredo, 900 ft., 14; 4-1/2 mi. S Nuevo Laredo, 1; 3 mi. SE Reynosa, 1; 3 mi. S Matamoros, 2; 33 mi. S Washington Beach, 1; San Fernando, 180 ft., 1; 7 km. S, 2 km. W San Fernando, 2; 12 mi. NW San Carlos, 1300 ft., 4; 9-1/2 mi. SW Padilla, 800 ft., 3; 3 mi. N Soto la Marina, 3; Soto la Marina, 500 ft., 12; 4 mi. N La Pesca, 3; 1 mi. E La Pesca, 1; La Pesca, 2; 3 mi. NE Guemes, 1; 7 mi. NE Cd. Victoria, 1; Cd. Victoria, 6.
Additional records (Goldman, 1910:28, unless otherwise noted): Nuevo Laredo; 10 mi. S Nuevo Laredo (Booth, 1957:15); Camargo; Matamoros; Bagdad; 40 mi. S Matamoros (Hooper, 1953:9); Sierra San Carlos (El Mulato, Tamaulipeca) (Dice, 1937:254); San Fernando (J. A. Allen, 1891:224); Forlón.
=Microtus mexicanus subsimus= Goldman
Mexican Vole
1938. _Microtus mexicanus subsimus_ Goldman, Jour. Mamm., 19:494, November 14, type from Sierra Guadalupe, southeastern Coahuila.
_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Reported only from mountains near Miquihuana (Goldman, 1938:495).
=Canis latrans=
Coyote
In Tamaulipas two and possibly three subspecies of _Canis latrans_ occur. _C. l. texensis_ is known only from the northwesternmost part of the state, and _C. l. microdon_ occurs from Camargo south to Nicolás. Hall and Kelson (1959:845) guessed that _C. l. cagottis_ would be found in the southern third of the state; as yet specimens from there have not been obtained and the subspecific identity of the coyotes there, if any are present, remains in doubt.
=Canis latrans microdon= Merriam
1897. _Canis microdon_ Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 11:29, March 15, type from Mier, on Río Grande, Tamaulipas.
1932. _Canis latrans microdon_, Nelson, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 45:224, November 26.
_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Probably state-wide, reported only from the northern half of the state.
Three specimens were examined. One is a pup from the vicinity of Padilla which is assigned to this subspecies on geographic grounds. The other two are skins, collected at Nicolás by natives, who deceived the collector by providing dog skulls with the coyote skins. These two specimens are referred to _C. l. microdon_ on the basis of their dark color and dusky shading on the throat and chest. One has a rufous over-all color and the other is ochraceous yellowish. This difference in color suggests intergradation at this place between _C. l. microdon_ that ranged to the northeast, _C. l. cagottis_ to the south, and probably with _C. l. impavidus_ distributed to the west.
_Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 3: 9-1/2 mi. SW Padilla, 800 ft., 1; Nicolás, 53 km. N Tula, 2.
Additional record: Camargo (Jackson, 1951:305); 20 mi. W Reynosa (Ingles, 1959:401); Matamoros (Jackson, 1951:305); Bagdad (_ibid._); Sierra San Carlos (San Miguel, El Mulato) (Dice, 1937:251).
=Canis latrans texensis= V. Bailey
1905. _Canis nebrascensis texensis_ V. Bailey, N. Amer. Fauna, 25:175, October 24, type from 45 mi. SW Corpus Christi at Santa Gertrudis, Kleberg Co., Texas.
1932. _Canis latrans texensis_ V. Bailey, N. Amer. Fauna, 53:312, March 11.
_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Extreme northwest, known only from Nuevo Laredo (Jackson, 1951:279).
=Canis lupus monstrabilis= Goldman
Gray Wolf
1937. _Canis lupus monstrabilis_ Goldman, Jour. Mamm., 18:42, February 11, type from 10 mi. S Rankin, Upton Co., Texas.
_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Probably extinct, recorded only from Matamoros (Goldman, 1944:468).
On the maps of distribution of _C. l. monstrabilis_ published by Leopold (1959:400) and Baker and Villa (1960:370), Tamaulipas is included in the region in which the wolf is considered to be extinct.
=Urocyon cineroargenteus scottii= Mearns
Gray Fox
1891. _Urocyon virginianus scottii_ Mearns, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 3:236, June 5, type from Pinal Co., Arizona.
1895. _Urocyon cinereo-argenteus scottii_, J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 7:253, June.
_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--All of state in suitable habitats.
The specimen from the Sierra Madre Oriental was obtained by a collector who used a rabbit call. Leopold (1959:408) reported that the highest elevation [about 2800 feet] at which he found gray fox in México was at Hacienda de Acuña, in the Sierra de Tamaulipas, where "dense, brushy draws and oak openings made ideal habitat." At this place Leopold saw, in early August, a family of foxes, four well-grown young and their parents. Dice (1937:250) reported _U. c. texensis_ (a junior synonym of _U. c. scottii_), as abundant in the Sierra San Carlos.
The six specimens examined do not present any significant difference in size and shape of the skull from specimens of _scottii_ from Arizona, except that one skull from the Sierra de Tamaulipas is smaller than the others, suggesting intergradation between the subspecies _scottii_ and _tropicalis_ from farther south.
_Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 6: 2 mi. W San Fernando, 180 ft., 1; 15 km. W Rancho Santa Rosa, Sierra Madre Oriental, 4500 ft., 1; Ejido Santa Isabel, 2000 ft., 1; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 2 mi. S, 10 mi. W Piedra, 1200 ft., 2; Joya Verde, 35 km. SW Victoria, 3800 ft., 1.
Additional records: Near Marmolejo, San Carlos Mts. (Dice, 1937:250); Hacienda Acuña, Sierra de Tamaulipas (Leopold, 1959:408, only seen); La Joya de Salas (Goodwin, 1954:14).
=Ursus americanus eremicus= Merriam
Black Bear
1904. _Ursus americanus eremicus_ Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 17:154, October 6, type from Sierra Guadalupe, Coahuila.
_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Probably in high and remote parts of the Sierra Madre Oriental; recorded only from Agua Linda (Goodwin, 1954:14).
=Bassariscus astutus flavus= Rhoads
Ringtail
1894. _Bassariscus astutus flavus_ Rhoads, Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 45:417, January 30, type from Texas, exact locality unknown.
_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Western half of state.
The two specimens examined provide the second record of this species in Tamaulipas; they were shot in the bottom of an arid canyon. One animal was about 30 feet up from the ground in an oak tree, and the other was along a small arroyo containing pools of water.
From Rhoads' paper (1893:416-417) on the genus _Bassariscus_ it would seem that _B. astutus flavus_ differs from _B. a. astutus_ in smaller size, especially of the skull, shorter tail (shorter than head and body in _flavus_ and longer than head and body in _astutus_) and the presence of fulvous color. Comparison of 10 specimens of _B. a. flavus_ from Coahuila and Texas with two of _B. a. astutus_ (Distrito Federal, 1; Las Vigas, Veracruz, 1) from central México reveals that the skulls do not differ qualitatively and that the skull of _flavus_ tends to be smaller and relatively wider, but that there is overlap in size. In all _flavus_ that I measured and in the two adults of _astutus_ the tail is shorter than the head and body. The only real difference is the color; ringtails from Texas are deep fulvous instead of grayish as is _astutus_ from the Distrito Federal and Veracruz. But the specimen from Veracruz has much fulvous and on the other hand specimens from Coahuila are more grayish than those from Texas.
The two specimens from Tamaulipas can be assigned to either subspecies _astutus_ or _flavus_ with almost equal propriety. Here they are referred to _B. a. flavus_ on the basis of their relatively small skull, short tail, and presence of some fulvous color.
_Measurements._--Measurements of female and male (60239, 60240), both adult, from Joya Verde, are, respectively: 745, 760; 370, 385; 70, 75; 47, 56; greatest length of skull (excluding incisors), 81.9, 83.1; zygomatic breadth, 46.1, 51.9; interorbital constriction, 16.3, 16.3; postorbital constriction, 19.5, 18.5; breadth of braincase, 33.7, 36.6; length of maxillary tooth-row, 31.5, 32.0; breadth across postorbital processes (tip to tip), 25.3, 26.8.
_Records of occurrence._--Two specimens examined from Joya Verde, 35 km. SW Victoria, 3800 ft.
Additional record: Joya de Salas (Goodwin, 1954:14).
=Procyon lotor=
Racoon
Racoons occur all through the state. The one specimen examined was shot about 11:00 p. m. in a cypress tree. Its mouth contained fresh corn. The animal was notably fat and weighed 11 pounds. According to the natives the racoons do much damage in cornfields.
=Procyon lotor fuscipes= Mearns
1914. _Procyon lotor fuscipes_ Mearns, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 27:63, March 20, type from Las Moras Creek, 1011 ft., Fort Clark, Kinney Co., Texas.
_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Practically all of state, except western part.
_Records_ (Goldman, 1950:51, unless otherwise noted): Camargo; Matamoros; Bagdad; Marmolego; Camp 2 (= 73 mi. S Washington Beach, Selander _et al._, 1962:338, recorded only two species); Gómez Farías (Goodwin, 1954:14); Altamira.
=Procyon lotor hernandezii= Wagler
1831. _Pr[ocyon]. hernandezii_ Wagler, Isis von Oken, 24:514, type from Tlalpan, Valley of Mexico.
1890. _Procyon lotor hernandezi_, J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 3:176, December 10.
_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Western part of state; known only from Rancho Santa Rosa.
The specimen examined is identified as _P. l. hernandezii_ because the animal differs from specimens of _P. l. fuscipes_ from southern Texas and Coahuila in the same way that Goldman (1950:50) noted that _P. l. hernandezii_ differs from _P. l. fuscipes_. For example, in the specimen from Rancho Santa Rosa the interorbital region is lower, the braincase is less depressed near the fronto-parietal suture, the postorbital process is longer and more pointed, and the upper carnassial is longer. The color is the same as in specimens of _fuscipes_ from Texas except that the postauricular spot is smaller, and the ground color is slightly more grayish. The median dorsal area is black, forming a longitudinal band about 3 cm. wide.
_Record of occurrence._--One specimen examined from Rancho Santa Rosa, 25 km. N, 13 km. W Cd. Victoria.
=Nasua narica molaris= Merriam
Coati
1902. _Nasua narica molaris_ Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 15:68, March 22, type from Manzanillo, Colima.
_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Over all of state.
A male and female, both adults, from the same locality in the Sierra de Tamaulipas weighed, respectively, 3,150 grams and 4,836 grams. Three young from the same place weighed 2,250, 2,250, and 2,650 grams.
_Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 7: Sierra de Tamaulipas, 10 mi. W, 2 mi. S Piedra, 1200 ft., 5; Rancho Pano Ayuctle, 25 mi. N El Mante, 3 km. W Pan-American Highway, 2200 ft., 1; 2 km. W El Carrizo, 1.
Additional records: Sierra San Carlos (San José, El Mulato) (Dice, 1937:249); Soto la Marina (Goldman, 1942:81); Cd. Victoria (_ibid._); 10 mi. NE Zamorina (Hooper, 1953:3); 3 mi. NW Acuña (_ibid._); 19 km. SW Mante (Davis, 1944:381).
=Potos flavus aztecus= Thomas
Kinkajou
1902. _Potos flavus aztecus_ Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, 9:268, April, type from Atoyac, Veracruz.
_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Uncertain; one specimen was seen by Leopold (1959:437) near Acuña.
=Mustela frenata=
Long-tailed Weasel
This species occurs in practically all of the state, but as in most other areas actual records are few; only two specimens, both males, have been examined. One was taken at Jaumave, in a steel-trap baited with fresh egg. It weighed 325 grams. The other was taken in the vicinity of Altamira and weighed 434 grams.
Two subspecies have been reported from Tamaulipas; _Mustela frenata frenata_ that occurs in the central and northern parts of the state and _M. f. tropicalis_ that occurs in the tropical area in the southern part of the state.
=Mustela frenata frenata= Lichtenstein
1831. _Mustela frenata_ Lichtenstein, Darstellung neuer oder wenig bekannter Säugethiere ..., pl. 42 and corresponding text, unpaged, type from Ciudad México, México.
1877. _Putorius mexicanus_ Coues, Fur-bearing animals, U. S. Geol. Surv. Territories, Misc. Publ., 8:42, a _nomen nudum_ [cited by Coues in synonymy as "_Putorius mexicanus_, Berlandier, MMS. ic. ined. 4 (Tamaulipas and Matamoras)"].
_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Central and northern parts of state.
The specimen from Jaumave is clearly _M. f. frenata_, but the other from northwest of Altamira has many characters of the subspecies _M. f. tropicalis_ and is an intergrade between the two subspecies. In cranial features and in measurements the animal is like _frenata_. For example: least width of palate more than length of P4; distance between anterior border of auditory bulla and foramen ovale equal to the width of four (including I3) upper incisors; depth of tympanic bulla less than distance between it and foramen ovale; length of tail amounting to 82 per cent of length of head and body. The coloration is more nearly like that of _tropicalis_. For example, the region between the ears and the region behind the ears as far as the shoulders is almost black; hairs of the soles of the forefeet are of the same color as in _tropicalis_. But, width of the whitish underparts amounts to 53 per cent of the circumference of the body; in this respect the specimen is like _frenata_. I refer the specimen to _frenata_ because, to me, it is slightly more nearly like it.
_Measurements._--The male from 6 mi. N, 6 mi. W Altamira affords measurements as follows: 500; 226; 53; 23; basilar length (Hensel), 49.5; breadth of rostrum, 14.3; interorbital constriction, 11.9; orbitonasal length, 15.2; mastoid breadth, 27.2; zygomatic breadth, 32.4; tympanic bullae, length, 16.8; breadth, 7.5; length of m1, 5.7; P4, lateral length, 5.4, medial, 5.8; M1, breadth, 4.6, length, 2.4; depth of skull at anterior edge of basioccipital, 14.7.
_Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 2: Jaumave, 2400 ft., 1; 6 mi. N, 6 mi. W Altamira, 1.
Additional records (Hall, 1951:347): Matamoros; Miquihuana.
=Mustela frenata tropicalis= (Merriam)
1896. _Putorius tropicalis_ Merriam, N. Amer. Fauna, 11:30, June 30, type from Jico, Veracruz.
_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Tropical area in south part of state; reported only from 50 mi. south of Ciudad Victoria (Hall, 1951:366).
=Eira barbara senex= (Thomas)
Tayra
1900. _Galictis barbara senex_ Thomas, Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 7, 5:146, January, type from Hacienda Tortugas, approximately 600 ft., Jalapa, Veracruz.
1951. _Eira barbara senex_, Hershkovitz, Fieldiana-Zool., 31:561, July 10.
_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only from Pano Ayuctle (Hooper, 1953:4).
=Taxidea taxus=
Badger
The badger in Tamaulipas is poorly known because only a few specimens have been reported from the state. I have examined only two; one is the skull of a juvenile picked up in the sea along the barrier beach and the other is the skull of an adult male taken in a steel-trap baited with a bird body and rabbit meat. The trap was set in front of a hole in the semidesert area 12 miles south of San Carlos.
On their map 471 Hall and Kelson (1959:927) show a total of five subspecies of _Taxidea taxus_. They include the northern part of Tamaulipas in the geographic range of _T. t. berlandieri_. On page 926 Hall and Kelson (_op. cit._) list ten additional subspecies described by Schantz. One of them _T. t. littoralis_ (Schantz, 1949:301) was based on specimens from southeastern Texas and Matamoros, Tamaulipas. Of the two specimens examined by me the one from the barrier beach is here assigned to _T. l. littoralis_ on geographic grounds, and the other one from the vicinity of San Carlos to _T. l. berlandieri_.
=Taxidea taxus berlandieri= Baird
1858. _Taxidea berlandieri_ Baird, Mammals, in Repts. Expl. Surv. ..., 8(1):205, July 14, type from Llano Estacado, Texas, near boundary of New Mexico.
1895. _Taxidea taxus berlandieri_, J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 7:256, June 29.
_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Reported from only one locality, in northwestern part of state.
The skull examined, of an adult male, differs from Coahuilan and New Mexican skulls in having a broad rostrum, better developed sagittal and lambdoidal crests, and smaller tympanic bullae. The measurements are greater than those given by Schantz (1949:302) for _T. l. littoralis_ and it is for that reason that the skull examined is assigned to _T. l. berlandieri_.
_Measurements._--The adult male measured as follows: 710; 115; 110; 55; condylobasal length, 123.1; zygomatic breadth, 81.1; mastoid breadth, 75.5; interorbital constriction, 29.3; least postorbital constriction, 27.6; length of maxillary tooth-row, 42.7; P4, length, 11.9, width, 10.7; M1, length, 11.7, width, 11.7; tympanic bulla, length, 23.3, depth (from basioccipital), 12.8.
_Record of occurrence._--One specimen examined from 12 mi. S San Carlos, 1300 ft.
=Taxidea taxus littoralis= Schantz
1949. _Taxidea taxus littoralis_ Schantz, Jour. Mamm., 30:301, August 17, type from Corpus Christi, Nueces Co., Texas.
_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Known only from two localities in northeastern part of state.
_Records of occurrence._--One specimen examined from 33 mi. S Washington Beach.
Additional record: Matamoros (Schantz, 1949:302).
=Spilogale putorius interrupta= (Rafinesque)
Eastern Spotted Skunk
1820. _Mephitis interrupta_ Rafinesque, Ann. Nat. ..., 1:3. Type locality, Upper Missouri River?.
1952. _Spilogale putorious interrupta_, McCarley, Texas Jour. Sci., 4:108, March 30.
_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--From Sierra de Tamaulipas northward.
The young male from La Pesca weighed 480 grams. In the Sierra de Tamaulipas a lactating female was taken (June 9) in a steel trap. A young male from there weighed 275 grams. The young male from three miles north of La Pesca weighed 520 grams.
Specimens from Tamaulipas are assigned to the subspecies _interrupta_ following Van Gelder (1959:270-279). He regarded specimens from Tamaulipas as intergrades between _S. p. interrupta_ and _S. p. leucoparia_.
_Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 6: 9-1/2 mi. SW Padilla, 1; 3 mi. N La Pesca, 1; La Pesca, 1; Rancho Santa Rosa, 2 km. N, 13 km. W Cd. Victoria, 260 m., 1; Sierra de Tamaulipas, 2 mi. S, 10 mi. W Piedra, 1200 ft., 2.
Additional records (Van Gelder, 1959:279): "Tamaulipas"; Cd. Victoria.
=Mephitis mephitis varians= Gray
Striped Skunk
1837. _Mephitis varians_ Gray, Charlesworth's Mag. Nat. Hist., 1:581. Type locality, Texas.
1936. _Mephitis mephitis varians_, Hall, Carnegie Inst. Washington, Publ., 473:66, November 20.
_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--North half of state.
_Measurements._--An adult female from San Fernando measured as follows: 710; 360; 70; 30; basilar length, 56.2; condylobasal length, 64.2; zygomatic breadth, 41.3; interorbital constriction, 19.0; length of maxillary tooth-row, 20.7.
_Records of occurrence._--One specimen examined from San Fernando, 180 ft.
Additional records: Mier (A. H. Howell, 1901:32); Matamoros (_ibid._); 2 mi. up stream from Marmolejo (Dice, 1937:250).
=Mephitis macroura macroura= Lichtenstein
Hooded Skunk
1832. _Mephitis macroura_ Lichtenstein, Darstellung neuer oder wenig bekannter Säugethiere ..., pl. 46, type from mountains northwest of the city of México.
1877. _Mephitis edulis_ Coues, Berlandier Mss., Fur-bearing Animals: ..., U. S. Geol. Surv. Territories, Miscl. Publ., 8:236. Type locality, "Inhabits most of Mexico. I have found it around San Fernando de Bexar...."
_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--West of Sierra Madre Oriental.
The two specimens from Jaumave are young; they were taken on different nights but in the same place. Weights of male and female, respectively, are 195 and 290 grams. The other three specimens, two young and an adult male, were brought to the collector (Bodley) by natives.
_Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 5: San Fernando, 180 ft., 2; Jaumave, 2400 ft., 2; Nicolás, 56 km. NW Tula, 5500 ft., 1.
=Conepatus mesoleucus mearnsi= Merriam
Hog-nosed Skunk
1902. _Conepatus mesoleucus mearnsi_ Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 15:163, August 6, type from Mason, Mason Co., Texas.
_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Probably western part of state, but presently known only from Nicolás.
The specimens herein assigned to this species, represented by the skull only, differ conspicuously from those assigned to _C. leuconotus_ only in breadth of M1.
_Measurements._--Measurements of a skull (sex undetermined) from Nicolás are as follows: condylobasal length, 77.1; zygomatic breadth, 52.9; postorbital constriction, 21.1; mastoid breadth, 43.7; length of maxillary tooth-row, 23.4; breadth of M1, 7.1.
_Records of occurrence._--Two specimens examined from Nicolás, 56 km. NW Tula, 5500 ft.
=Conepatus leuconotus texensis= Merriam
Eastern Hog-nosed Skunk
1902. _Conepatus leuconotus texensis_ Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 15:162, August 6, type from Brownsville, Cameron Co., Texas.
_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--State-wide, except western part.
Three specimens are assigned to this species on the basis of the breadth of M1. In comparison with skulls from the type locality, those of Tamaulipan specimens are slightly smaller and narrower.
_Measurements._--Some cranial measurements of a male adult (old) from ten miles west and two miles south of Piedra are: condylobasal length, 79.0; zygomatic breadth, 52.3; postorbital constriction, 22.0; mastoid breadth, 44.2; length of maxillary tooth-row, 24.4; breadth of M1, 9.3.
_Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 2: La Pesca, 1; Ejido Eslabones, 10 mi. W, 2 mi. S Piedra, 1200 ft., 1.
Additional record: Near El Mulato (Dice, 1937:250).
=Felis concolor stanleyana= Goldman
Puma
1938. _Felis concolor stanleyana_ Goldman, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 51:63, March 18 (renaming of _F. c. youngi_ Goldman, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 49:137, August 22, type from Bruni Ranch, near Bruni, Webb Co., Texas).
_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Restricted to mountains of state.
The two specimens examined are skulls only, which were picked up in the field. In general the measurements are like those given by Goldman (1946:233) for the males of _Felis concolor stanleyana_. But the skull from Miquihuana yielded measurements that suggest intergradation between _F. c. stanleyana_ and _F. c. azteca_ of the western mountains of Tamaulipas.
_Measurements._--Two skulls, one from Miquihuana and the second from 9-1/2 mi. SW Padilla, yield measurements as follows: greatest length, 214.0, 213.0; condylobasal length, 195.0, 190.0; zygomatic breadth, 146.0, 140.1; height of skull (frontals to palate), 70.0, 72.4; interorbital constriction, 41.6, 41.4; breadth of nasals (at posterior union between premaxilla and maxilla), 20.1, 17.9; length of maxillary tooth-row, 62.7, 63.3; crown length of P3, 23.3, ----; breadth of P3, 11.9, 12.2; anteroposterior diameter of upper canine, 15.1, 15.3.
_Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 2: 9-1/2 mi. SW Padilla, 800 ft., 1; Miquihuana, 6400 ft., 1.
Additional records: Matamoros (Goldman, 1946:234); Zamorina (Hooper, 1953:4).
=Felis onca veraecrucis= Nelson and Goldman
Jaguar
1933. _Felis onca veraecrucis_ Nelson and Goldman, Jour. Mamm., 14:236, August 17, type from San Andrés Tuxtla, Veracruz.
_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Originally all of state; now restricted to sparsely populated areas.
Only one cranium, from the Sierra de Tamaulipas, was examined. It is in good condition but lacks all the teeth except P3 and P4 on the right side. The measurements are larger than those given by Goodwin (1954:15) for a skull from five miles north of Gómez Farías.
_Measurements._--The cranium, sex undetermined, from the Sierra de Tamaulipas, affords measurements as follows: greatest length, 238.0; condylobasal length, 204.0; zygomatic breadth, 166.0; breadth of rostrum, 66.1; interorbital constriction, 48.2; mastoid breadth, 100.7; crown length of carnassial, 24.1.
_Records of occurrence._--One specimen examined from Sierra de Tamaulipas, 2 mi. S, 10 mi. W Piedra.
Additional records: between Aldama and Soto la Marina (Nelson and Goldman, 1933:237); 5 km. N Gómez Farías (Goodwin, 1954:15).
=Felis pardalis albescens= Pucheran
Ocelot
1855. _Felis albescens_ Pucheran, in I. Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, Mammiferes, in Petit-Thoaurs, Voyage autor du monde sur ... _la Venus_ ..., Zoologie, p. 149, type locality, Arkansas.
1906. _Felis pardalis albescens_, J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 22:219, July 25.
_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--All of state, except part west of Sierra Madre Oriental.
Hall and Kelson (1959:961) reported from Tamaulipas two subspecies of _Felis pardalis_. According to Goldman (1943:379) the more northern of the two, _F. p. albescens_, is smaller than the more southern one, _F. p. pardalis_. The skull examined, of a young female, from 10 miles north of Altamira, in southern Tamaulipas, is small, smaller even than skulls of _albescens_ from Texas used in comparison. For this reason I here assign the specimen examined to _F. p. albescens_ instead of _F. p. pardalis_ as did Hall and Kelson (_op. cit._). Hooper (1953:4) and Dice (1937:251) report as _F. p. pardalis_ specimens from 10 miles northeast of Zamorina and others from the Sierra San Carlos. I assume that specimens from these two places should be referred to _albescens_ since the specimen from 10 miles north of Altamira, the southernmost locality represented in Tamaulipas, is here referred to _albescens_.
_Measurements._--Skull, from 10 mi. N of Altamira, measured as follows: condylobasal length, 97.3; zygomatic breadth, 77.6; squamosal constriction, 50.5; interorbital constriction, 22.2; postorbital constriction, 32.1; length of maxillary tooth-row, 34.7; length of upper carnassial crown (outer side), 13.6.
_Records of occurrence._--One specimen examined, from 10 mi. N Altamira.
Additional records: Matamoros (Goldman, 1943:379); Sierra San Carlos (El Mulato and San José) (Dice, 1937:251); Soto la Marina (Goldman, 1943:379); 10 mi. NE Zamorina (Hooper, 1934:4).
=Felis wiedii oaxacensis= Nelson and Goldman
Margay
1931. _Felis glaucula oaxacensis_ Nelson and Goldman, Jour. Mamm., 12:303, August 24, type from Cerro San Felipe, 10,000 ft., near Oaxaca, Oaxaca.
1943. _Felis wiedii oaxacensis_, Goldman, Jour. Mamm., 24:383, August 17.
_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Probably along Sierra Madre Oriental; known only from Rancho del Cielo (Goodwin, 1954:15).
=Felis yaguaroundi cacomitli= Berlandier
Yaguaroundi
1895. _Felis cacomitli_ Berlandier, _in_ Baird, Mammals of the boundary, _in_ Emory, Rept. U. S. and Mexican boundary survey 2(2):12, January, type from Matamoros, Tamaulipas.
1905. _Felis yaguaroundi cacomitli_, Elliot, Field Columb. Mus. Publ. 105, Zool. Ser., 6:370, December 6.
1901. _Felis apache_ Mearns, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 14:150, August 9, type from Matamoros, Tamaulipas.
_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Eastern and northern parts of Sierra Madre Oriental; known only from type locality and near Gómez Farías (Goodwin, 1954:15).
=Lynx rufus texensis= J. A. Allen
Bobcat
1895. _Lynx texensis_ J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 7:188, June 20, based on the description of a bobcat by Audubon and Bachman, The viviparous quadrupeds of North America, 2:293, 1851, from "the vicinity of Castroville, on the headwaters of the Medina [River]," Medina Co., Texas.
1897. _Lynx rufus texensis_, Mearns, Preliminary diagnoses of new mammals ... from the Mexican boundary line, p. 2, January 12 (preprint of Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 20:458, December 24).
_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Probably occurs in western half of state; known only from two localities.
The specimen examined was shot at night at about 3:00 a. m. in the beam of a headlight in typical scrub "monte." The native name for this bobcat in Tamaulipas is "gato rabón."
_Measurements._--A male, from Rancho Santa Rosa, measured as follows: 885; 170; 172; 71; condylobasal length, 105.2; interorbital constriction, 22.5; postorbital constriction, 34.6; zygomatic breadth, 83.5; squamosal constriction, 51.7; length of maxillary tooth-row (C-P2), 38.2; length of upper carnassial (outer side), 14.5.
_Record of occurrence._--One specimen examined from Rancho Santa Rosa, 360 m.
Additional records: Matamoros (Baird, 1858:96); El Mulato (Dice, 1937:251).
=Trichechus manatus latirostris= (Harlan)
Manatee
1823. _Manatus latirostris_ Harlan, Jour. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 3(1):394. Type locality, near the capes of East Florida.
1934. _Trichechus manatus latirostris_, Hatt, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 66:538, September 10.
_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Reported from mouth of Río Grande (Miller and Kellogg, 1955:791); probably extirpated in state.
=Tayassu tajacu angulatus= (Cope)
Collared Peccary
1889. _Dicotyles angulatus_ Cope, Amer. Nat., 23:147, February, type from Guadalupe River, Texas.
1953. _Tayassu tajacu angulatus_, Dalquest, Louisiana State Univ. Studies, Biol. Sci. Ser., 1:207, December 28.
_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--All of state, in suitable habitats.
Records: Near El Mulato (Dice, 1937:256); Alta Cima (Goodwin, 1954:15); Rancho del Cielo (_ibid._); approx. 10 mi. N Cues (Leopold, 1947:443 map).
=Odocoileus hemionus crooki= (Mearns)
Mule Deer
1897. _Dorcelaphus crooki_ Mearns, Preliminary diagnoses of new mammals of the genera _Mephitis_, _Dorcelaphus_ and _Dicotyles_, from the Mexican border ..., p. 2, February 11, type locality summit Dog Mtns., 6129 ft., Hidalgo Co., New Mexico.
1939. _Odocoileus hemionus crooki_, Goldman and Kellogg, Jour. Mamm., 20:507, November 14.
_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Reported only from Cerro del Tigre (Leopold, 1959:504), but probably throughout western part of state. Now rare in the state.
=Odocoileus virginianus=
White-tailed Deer
This species is relatively abundant in Tamaulipas from where three subspecies have been reported. Two specimens examined were shot at night.
=Odocoileus virginianus miquihuanensis= Goldman and Kellogg
1940. _Odocoileus virginianus miquihuanensis_ Goldman and Kellogg, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 53:84, June 28, type from Sierra Madre Oriental, 6000 ft., near Miquihuana, Tamaulipas.
_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Throughout Sierra Madre Oriental.
An adult male, having two points on each antler, and a young male were examined and identified as this subspecies because of their small size and dark color.
_Measurements._--A male from 15 km. W Rancho Santa Rosa affords measurements as follows: 1385; 245; 330; 154; condylobasal length, 234; length of maxillary tooth-row, 76.3; width across orbits at frontal-jugal suture, 100.9.
_Records of occurrence_.--Specimens examined, 2: 15 km. W Rancho Santa Rosa, 4500 ft., 1; Ejido Santa Isabel, 2000 ft., 1.
Additional records (Goodwin, 1954:15): San Antonio, 11 km. SW Joya de Salas; Rancho Pano Ayuctle.
=Odocoileus virginianus texanus= (Mearns)
1898. _Dorcelaphus texanus_ Mearns, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 12:23, January 27, type from Fort Clark [north of Eagle Pass on Big Bend of Rio Grande], Kinney Co., Texas.
1902. _Dama v[irginiana]. texensis_ [_sic_], J. A. Allen, Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 16:20, February 1.
1901. _Odocoileus texensis_ Miller and Rehn, Proc. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., 30:17, December 27, an accidental renaming of _texanus_.
_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Probably all of northern part of state.
Two fragments of lower jaw from the barrier beach were examined and assigned to this subspecies on geographic grounds.
_Records of occurrence._--Specimens examined, 2, fragments from 33 mi. S Washington Beach.
Additional records: Sierra San Carlos (El Mulato and Sardinia) (Dice, 1937:256).
=Odocoileus virginianus veraecrucis= Goldman and Kellogg
1940. _Odocoileus virginianus veraecrucis_ Goldman and Kellogg, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 53:89, June 28, type from Chijol, 200 ft., Veracruz.
_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Tropical area, reported only from Soto la Marina (Miller and Kellogg, 1955:806) and Savinito Tierre [= Tierra] Caliente (J. A. Allen, 1881:184) and Tampico (_ibid._) as _Cariacus virginianus mexicanus_.
=Mazama americana temama= (Kerr)
Red Brocket
1782. _Cervus temama_ Kerr, The Animal kingdom ..., p. 303. Type locality, restricted to Mirador, Veracruz, by Hershkovitz (Fieldiana-Zool., Chicago Nat. Hist. Mus., 31:567, July 10, 1951).
1951. _Mazama americana temama_, Hershkovitz. Fieldiana-Zool., Chicago Nat. Hist. Mus., 31:567, July 10.
_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Southern part of state in tropical area.
The specimen examined is conspicuously darker than specimens from Veracruz and Chiapas, being especially more brownish and less reddish.
_Records of occurrence._--One specimen examined from Rancho Pano Ayuctle (skin only).
Additional records: Alta Cima (Goodwin, 1954:15); Rancho del Cielo (Hooper, 1953:10).
=Antilocapra americana mexicana= Merriam
Pronghorn
1901. _Antilocapra americana mexicana_ Merriam, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 14:31, April 5, type from Sierra en Media, Chihuahua.
_Distribution in Tamaulipas._--Originally in the northern part of state; now absent from Tamaulipas.
_Antilocapra_ is here included on the basis of a skull recorded by Baird (1858:669) from Matamoros. J. A. Allen (1881:184) doubted the occurrence of this animal in Tamaulipas because Dr. Palmer found no indications of the presence of _Antilocapra_ in any portion of the area that he traversed, which apparently was only southern Tamaulipas.
I am sure that the pronghorn is extinct in Tamaulipas, but its occurrence in the northern part of the state in relatively recent time (more than 100 years ago) seems possible because the habitat in northern Tamaulipas is suitable for the pronghorn.
LITERATURE CITED
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1891. _On a collection of mammals from southern Texas and northeastern Mexico._ Bull. Amer. Nat. Hist., 3:219-229, December.
1891. A preliminary study of the North American opossums of the genus Didelphis. _Ibid._, 14:149-188, 4 pls., June 15.
ALVAREZ, T.
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1962. A new subspecies of ground squirrel (Spermophilus spilosoma) from Tamaulipas, México. _Ibid._, 14:121-124, March 7.
ANDERSON, S.
1956. Extensions of known ranges of Mexican bats. _Ibid._, 9:347-351, August 15.
ANTHONY, H. E.
1923. Mammals from Mexico and South America. Amer. Mus. Novit., 54:1-10, 2 figs., January 17.
BAILEY, V.
1895. Biological survey of Texas. N. Amer. Fauna, 25:1-222, 23 figs., 8 pls., October 24.
BAIRD, S. T.
1855. _Characteristics of some new species of Mammalia, collected by the U. S. and Mexican Boundary Survey, Major W. H. Emory, U. S. A. Commissioner._ Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, 7:331-333, April.
1858. Mammals. _In_ General report upon the Zoology of the Several Pacific railroad routes. U. S. P. R. R. Exp. and Surveys, pp. xlviii + 757, 60 pls., July 14.
BAKER, R. H.
1951. Mammals from Tamaulipas, México. Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 5:207-218, December 15.
1956. Mammals of Coahuila, México. _Ibid._, 9:125-335, 75 figs., June 15.
1958. El futuro de la fauna silvestre en el norte de México. Anal. Inst. Biol., México, 28:349-357, June 14.
BAKER, R. H., and VILLA R., B.
1960. Distribución geographica y población actuales del lobo gris en México. _Ibid._, 30:369-374, 1 map, March 31.
BOOTH, E. S.
1957. Mammals collected in Mexico from 1951 to 1956 by the Walla Walla College Museum of Natural History. Walla Walla College Publ., 20:1-19, 3 maps, July 10.
BURT, W. H.
1959. The history and affinities of the Recent land mammals of western North America. _In_ Zoogeography. Amer. Assoc. Adv. Sci. Publ., 116, February 10.
BURT, W. H., and STIRTON, R. A.
1961. The mammals of El Salvador. Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan, 117:1-69, 2 figs., September 22.
CARTER, D. C., and DAVIS, W. B.
1961. _Tadarida aurispinosa_ (Peale) (Chiroptera: Molossidae) in North America. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 74:161-165, August 11.
DALQUEST, W. W.
1951. Two new mammals from Central Mexico. _Ibid._, 64:105-107, August 24.
1953. Mammals of the Mexican state of San Luis Potosí. Louisiana St. Univ. Press, pp. 1-133, 1 fig., December 28.
DALQUEST, W. W., and HALL, E. R.
1949. A new subspecies of funnel-eared bat (Natalus mexicanus) from eastern Mexico. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 62:153-154, August 23.
DAVIS, W. B.
1944. Notes on Mexican mammals. Jour. Mamm., 25:270-403, December 12.
1951. Bat, _Molossus nigricans_, eaten by the rat snake, _Elaphe laeta_. _Ibid._, 32:219, May 21.
1958. Review of Mexican bats of the Artibeus "cinereus" complex. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 71:163-166, December 31.
DAVIS, W. B., and CARTER, D. C.
1962. Notes on Central American bats with description of a new subspecies of Mormoops. Southwestern Nat., 7:64-74, 1 fig., June 1.
DE LA TORRE, L.
1954. Bats from southern Tamaulipas, Mexico. Jour. Mamm., 35:113-116, February 10.
1955. Bats from Guerrero, Jalisco and Oaxaca, Mexico. Fieldiana-Zool., 37:695-701, 1 fig., 2 pls., June 19.
DICE, L. R.
1937. Mammals of the San Carlos Mountains and vicinity. Univ. Michigan Studies Sci. Ser., 12:245-268, 3 pls.
1943. The Biotic Provinces of North America. Univ. Michigan Press, pp. viii + 78, 1 map.
FINDLEY, J. S.
1955. Taxonomy and distribution of some American shrews. Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 7:613-618, June 10.
1960. Identity of the long-eared Myotis of the southwest and Mexico. Jour. Mamm., 41:16-20, 1 fig., 1 pl., February 20.
GOLDMAN, E. A.
1911. Revision of the spiny pocket mice (Genus Heteromys and Liomys). N. Amer. Fauna, 34:1-70, 6 figs., 3 pls., September 7.
1915. Five new mammals from Mexico and Arizona. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 28:133-137, June 29.
1918. The rice rats of North America (Genus Oryzomys). N. Amer. Fauna, 43:1-100, 11 figs., 6 pls., September 23.
1938. Three new races of Microtus mexicanus. Jour. Mamm., 19:493-495, November 14.
1942. A new white-footed mouse from Mexico. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 55:157-158, October 17.
1942. Notes on the coatis of the Mexican mainland. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 55:79-82, June 25.
1943. The races of the ocelot and margay in Middle America. Jour. Mamm., 24:372-385, August 18.
1946. _Classification of the races of the puma_, pp. 175-302, pls. 46-93, fig. 6, tables 12-13, _in_ Young, S. P., and Goldman, E. A., _The puma_, mysterious American cat. Amer. Wildlife Inst., xiv + 358 pp., 93 pls., 6 figs., 13 tables, November 16.
1950. Raccoons of North and Middle America. N. Amer. Fauna, 60:vi + 153, 2 figs., 22 pls., November 7.
1951. Biological investigations in Mexico. Smithsonian Misc. Coll., 115:xiii + 476, 71 pls., 1 map, July 31.
GOLDMAN, E. A., and MOORE, R. T.
1946. The Biotic Provinces of Mexico. Jour. Mamm., 26:347-360, 1 fig., February 12.
GOODWIN, G. G.
1954. Mammals from Mexico collected by Marian Martin for the American Museum of Natural History. Amer. Mus. Novit, 1689:1-16, November 12.
1958. Bats of the genus _Rhogeëssa_. _Ibid._, 1923:1-17, December 31.
1959. Bats of the genus _Natalus_. _Ibid._, 1977:1-22, 2 figs., December 22.
1960. The status of _Vespertilio auripendulus_ Shaw, 1800, and _Molossus ater_ Geoffroy, 1805. _Ibid._, 1994:1-6, 1 fig., March 8.
1961. Flying squirrel (_Glaucomys volans_) of Middle America. _Ibid._, 2059:1-22, 7 figs., November 29.
HALL, E. R.
1951. Mammals obtained by Dr. Curt von Wedel from the barrier beach of Tamaulipas, México. Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 5:33-47, 1 fig., October 1.
1951. A synopsis of the North American Lagomorpha. _Ibid._, 5:119-202, 68 figs., December 15.
1951. American weasels. _Ibid._, 4:1-466, 31 figs., 41 pls., December 27.
1952. Taxonomic notes on Mexican bats of the genus Rhogeëssa. _Ibid._, 5:227-232, April 10.
HALL, E. R., and ALVAREZ, T.
1961. A new subspecies of the black Myotis (bat) from eastern México. _Ibid._, 14:69-72, 1 fig., December 29.
HALL, E. R., and JONES, J. K., JR.
1961. North American yellow bats, "Dasypterus," and a list of the named kinds of the genus Lasiurus Gray. _Ibid._, 14:73-98, 4 figs., December 29.
HALL, E. R., and KELSON, K. R.
1959. The mammals of North America. The Ronald Press Co., vol. 1:xxx + 546 + 1-79, vol. 2:viii + 547 + 1-79, 724 figs., 500 maps, March 31.
HANDLEY, C. O., JR.
1956. The taxonomic status of the _Corynorhinus phyllotis_ G. M. Allen and _Idionycteris mexicanus_ Anthony. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 69:53-54, May 21.
1959. A revision of the American bats of the genera Euderma and Plecotus. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 110:95-246, 47 figs., September 3.
1960. Descriptions of new bats from Panama. _Ibid._, 112:459-479, October 6.
HERSHKOVITZ, P.
1951. Mammals from British Honduras, Mexico, Jamaica and Haiti. Fieldiana-Zool., 31:547-569, July 10.
1958. A geographic classification of Neotropical mammals. _Ibid._, 36:583-620, 2 figs., July 11.
HOLLISTER, N.
1914. A systematic account of the grasshopper mice. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 47:427-489, 1 pl., October 29.
1925. The systematic name of the Texas armadillo. Jour. Mamm., 16:60, February 9.
HOOPER, E. T.
1952. A systematic review of the harvest mice (Genus Reithrodontomys) of Latin America. Misc. Publ. Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan, 77:1-255, 23 figs., 9 pls., 12 maps, January 16.
1952. Notes on mice of the species _Peromyscus boylei_ and _P. pectoralis_. Jour. Mamm., 33:371-378, 2 figs., August 19.
1953. Notes on mammals of Tamaulipas, Mexico. Occas. Papers Mus. Zool., Univ. Michigan, 544:1-12, March 25.
HOOPER, E. T., and HANDLEY, C. O., JR.
1948. Character gradients in the spiny pocket mouse, _Liomys irroratus_. _Ibid._, 514:1-34, 1 map, October 29.
HOWELL, A. H.
1901. Revision of the skunks of the genus Chincha. N. Amer. Fauna, 20:1-62, 8 pls., August 31.
1938. Revision of the North American ground squirrels, with a classification of the North American Sciuridae. N. Amer. Fauna, 56:1-256, 20 figs., 32 pls., May 18.
JACKSON, H. H. T.
1914. New moles of the genus Scalopus. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 27:19-21, February 2.
1928. A taxonomic review of the American long-tailed shrews (Genus Sorex and Microsorex). N. Amer. Fauna, 51:vi + 238, 24 figs., 13 pls., July 24.
1951. Classification of the races of the coyote, pt. 2, pp. 227-341, pls. 58-81, figs. 20-28, _in_ Young, S. P., and Jackson, H. H. T., The clever coyote. Stackpole Co., Harrisburg, Pa., and Wildlife Manag. Inst., Washington, D. C., xv + 411 pp., 81 pls., 28 figs., 11 tables, November 29.
JONES, J. K., JR., and ALVAREZ, T.
1962. Taxonomic status of the free-tailed bat, Tadarida yucatanica Miller. Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist, 14:125-133, 1 fig., March 7.
JONES, J. K., JR., and ANDERSON, S.
1958. Noteworthy records of harvest mice in México. Jour. Mamm., 39:446-447, August 20.
KELLOGG, R., and GOLDMAN, E. A.
1944. Review of the spider monkeys. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 96:1-45, November 2.
KELSON, K. R.
1952. The subspecies of the Mexican red-bellied squirrel, Sciurus aureogaster. Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 5:243-250, April 10.
LAWRENCE, B.
1947. A new race of Oryzomys from Tamaulipas. Proc. New England Zool. Club, 24:101-103, May 29.
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1947. Status of Mexican Big-game herds. Trans. 12th N. Amer. Wild. Conference, pp. 437-448.
1950. Vegetation zones of Mexico. Ecology, 31:507-518, 1 fig., October.
1959. Wildlife of Mexico. The Game birds and mammals. Univ. California Press, pp. xiii + 568, 193 figs.
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1960. An analysis of intraspecific variation in the kangaroo rat Dipodomys merriami. Univ. California Publ. Zool., 67:125-218, 20 figs., 4 pls., August 4.
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MALAGA A., A., and VILLA R., B.
1957. Algunas notas acerca de la distribución de los murciélagos de America del Norte relacionados con el problema de la rabia. Anal. Inst. Biol., México, 27:529-568, 8 figs., 10 maps, September 30.
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1895. Revision of the shrews of the American genera Blarina and Notiosorex. N. Amer. Fauna, 10:1-34, 2 figs., December 31.
1895. Monographic revision of the pocket gophers, family Geomydae (Exclusive of the species Thomomys). _Ibid._, 8:1-258, 10 figs., 19 pls., 3 maps, January 31.
1898. Life Zones and Crop Zones of the United States. U. S. Dept. Agriculture, Bull., 10:1-79, 1 map, June.
MILLER, G. S., JR.
1897. Revision of the North American bats of the family Vespertilionidae. N. Amer. Fauna, 13:1-140, 40 figs., 3 pls., October 16. 1913. Revision of the bats of the genus Glossophaga. Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus., 46:413-429, 1 fig., December 31.
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MILLER, G. S., JR., and ALLEN, G. M.
1928. The American bats of the genera Myotis and Pizonyx. _Ibid._, 144:vii + 217, 13 maps, May 25.
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1955. List of North American mammals. _Ibid._, 205:xii + 954, March 3.
NELSON, E. W.
1898. Description of the squirrels from Mexico and Central America. Proc. Biol. Soc. Washington, 12:145-156, June 3.
1899. Revision of the squirrels of Mexico and Central America. Proc. Washington Acad. Sci., 1:15-106, 2 pls., May 9.
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1900. Revision of the pocket mice of the genus Perognathus. N. Amer. Fauna, 18:1-72, 15 figs., 4 pls., September 20.
1909. Revision of the mice of the American genus Peromyscus. _Ibid._, 28:1-285, 12 figs., 8 pls., April 17.
1945. Two new rodents from Mexico. Jour. Mamm., 26:299-301, November 14.
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1957. A new bat (Genus Leptonycteris) from Coahuila. Univ. Kansas Publ., Mus. Nat. Hist., 9:353-356, January 21.
TAMAYO, J. L.
1949. Geografía general de México. Talleres Graficos de la Nación, México, vol. 1:vii + 628, vol. 2:1-583.
VAN GELDER, R. G.
1959. A taxonomic revision of the spotted skunks (Genus _Spilogale_). Bull. Amer. Mus. Nat. Hist., 117:233-392, 47 figs., June 15.
VILLA R., B.
1954. Distribución actual de los castores en México. Anal. Inst. Biol., México, 25:443-450, 2 pls., 1 map, November 9.
1956. Tadarida brasiliensis mexicana (Saussure), el murciélago guanero, es una subespecie migratoria. Acta Zool. Mex., 1:1-11, 2 figs., September 15. 1958. El mono araña (_Ateles geoffroyi_) encontrado en la costa de Jalisco y en la región central de Tamaulipas. Anal. Inst. Biol., México, 28:345-347, June 14.
VILLA R., B., and JIMENEZ G., A.
1961. Acerca de la posición taxonomica de _Mormoops megalophyla senicula_ Rehn, y la presencia de virus rabico en estos murciélagos insectivoros. _Ibid._, 31:501-509, 1 fig., April 17.
VIVO, J. A.
1953. Geografía de México. Fondo de Cultura Economica, México. 3er. Ed., pp. 1-338, 37 pls.
_Transmitted June 28, 1962_
29-4228
(Continued from inside of front cover)
Vol. 10. 1. Studies of birds killed in nocturnal migration. By Harrison B. Tordoff and Robert M. Mengel. Pp. 1-44, 6 figures in text, 2 tables. September 12, 1956.
2. Comparative breeding behavior of Ammospiza caudacuta and A. maritima. By Glen E. Woolfenden. Pp. 45-75, 6 plates, 1 figure. December 20, 1956.
3. The forest habitat of the University of Kansas Natural History Reservation. By Henry S. Fitch and Ronald R. McGregor. Pp. 77-127, 2 plates, 7 figures in text, 4 tables. December 31, 1956.
4. Aspects of reproduction and development in the prairie vole (Microtus ochrogaster). By Henry S. Fitch. Pp. 129-161, 8 figures in text, 4 tables. December 19, 1957.
5. Birds found on the Arctic slope of northern Alaska. By James W. Bee. Pp. 163-211, plates 9-10, 1 figure in text. March 12, 1958.
6. The wood rats of Colorado: distribution and ecology. By Robert B. Finley, Jr. Pp. 213-552, 34 plates, 8 figures in text, 35 tables. November 7, 1958.
7. Home ranges and movements of the eastern cottontail in Kansas. By Donald W. Janes. Pp. 553-572, 4 plates, 3 figures in text. May 4, 1959.
8. Natural history of the salamander, Aneides hardyi. By Richard F. Johnston and Gerhard A. Schad. Pp. 573-585. October 8, 1959.
9. A new subspecies of lizard, Cnemidophorus sacki, from Michoacán, México. By William E. Duellman. Pp. 587-598, 2 figures in text. May 2, 1960.
10. A taxonomic study of the Middle American Snake, Pituophis deppei. By William E. Duellman. Pp. 599-610, 1 plate, 1 figure in text. May 2, 1960.
Index. Pp. 611-626.
Vol. 11. 1. The systematic status of the colubrid snake, Leptodeira discolor Günther. By William E. Duellman. Pp. 1-9, 4 figures. July 14, 1958.
2. Natural history of the six-lined racerunner, Cnemidophorus sexlineatus. By Henry S. Fitch. Pp. 11-62, 9 figures, 9 tables. September 19, 1958.
3. Home ranges, territories, and seasonal movements of vertebrates of the Natural History Reservation. By Henry S. Fitch. Pp. 63-326, 6 plates, 24 figures in text, 3 tables. December 12, 1958.
4. A new snake of the genus Geophis from Chihuahua, Mexico. By John M. Legler. Pp. 327-334, 2 figures in text. January 28, 1959.
5. A new tortoise, genus Gopherus, from north-central Mexico. By John M. Legler. Pp. 335-343. April 24, 1959.
6. Fishes of Chautauqua, Cowley and Elk counties, Kansas. By Artie L. Metcalf. Pp. 345-400, 2 plates, 2 figures in text, 10 tables. May 6, 1959.
7. Fishes of the Big Blue river basin, Kansas. By W. L. Minckley. Pp. 401-442, 2 plates, 4 figures in text, 5 tables. May 8, 1959.
8. Birds from Coahuila, México. By Emil K. Urban. Pp. 443-516. August 1, 1959.
9. Description of a new softshell turtle from the southeastern United States. By Robert G. Webb. Pp. 517-525, 2 plates, 1 figure in text. August 14, 1959.
10. Natural history of the ornate box turtle, Terrapene ornata ornata Agassiz. By John M. Legler. Pp. 527-669, 16 pls., 29 figures in text. March 7, 1960.
Index Pp. 671-703.
Vol. 12. 1. Functional morphology of three bats: Eumops, Myotis, Macrotus. By Terry A. Vaughan. Pp. 1-153, 4 plates, 24 figures in text. July 8, 1959.
2. The ancestry of modern Amphibia: a review of the evidence. By Theodore H. Eaton, Jr. Pp. 155-180, 10 figures in text. July 10, 1959.
3. The baculum in microtine rodents. By Sydney Anderson. Pp. 181-216, 49 figures in text. February 19, 1960.
4. A new order of fishlike Amphibia from the Pennsylvanian of Kansas. By Theodore H. Eaton, Jr., and Peggy Lou Stewart. Pp. 217-240, 12 figures in text. May 2, 1960.
5. Natural history of the bell vireo. By Jon C. Barlow. Pp. 241-296, 6 figures in text. March 7, 1962.
6. Two new pelycosaurs from the lower Permian of Oklahoma. By Richard C. Fox. Pp. 297-307, 6 figures in text. May 21, 1962.
7. Vertebrates from the barrier island of Tamaulipas, México. By Robert K. Selander, Richard F. Johnston, B. J. Wilks, and Gerald G. Raun. Pp. 309-345, pls. 5-8. June 18, 1962.
8. Teeth of Edestid sharks. By Theodore H. Eaton, Jr. Pp. 347-362, 10 figures in text. October 1, 1962.
More numbers will appear in volume 12.
Vol. 13. 1. Five natural hybrid combinations in minnows (Cyprinidae). By Frank B. Cross and W. L. Minckley. Pp. 1-18. June 1, 1960.
2. A distributional study of the amphibians of the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, México. By William E. Duellman. Pp. 19-72, pls. 1-8, 3 figures in text. August 16, 1960.
3. A new subspecies of the slider turtle (Pseudemys scripta) from Coahuila, México. By John M. Legler. Pp. 73-84, pls. 9-12, 3 figures in text. August 16, 1960.
4. Autecology of the copperhead. By Henry S. Fitch. Pp. 85-288, pls. 13-20, 26 figures in text. November 30, 1960.
5. Occurrence of the garter snake, Thamnophis sirtalis, in the great plains and Rocky mountains. By Henry S. Fitch and T. Paul Maslin. Pp. 289-308, 4 figures in text. February 10, 1961.
6. Fishes of the Wakarusa river in Kansas. By James E. Deacon and Artie L. Metcalf. Pp. 309-322, 1 figure in text. February 10, 1961.
7. Geographic variation in the North American Cyprinid fish, Hybopsis gracilis. By Leonard J. Olund and Frank B. Cross. Pp. 323-348, pls. 21-24, 2 figures in text. February 10, 1961.
8. Descriptions of two species of frogs, genus Ptychohyla; studies of American Hylid frogs, V. By William E. Duellman. Pp. 349-357, pl. 25, 2 figures in text. April 27, 1961.
9. Fish populations, following a drought, in the Neosho and Marais des Cygnes rivers of Kansas. By James Everett Deacon. Pp. 359-427, pls. 26-30, 3 figures in text. August 11, 1961.
10. North American recent soft-shelled turtles (family Trionychidae). By Robert G. Webb. Pp. 429-611, pls. 31-54, 24 figures in text. February 16, 1962.
Index. Pp. 613-624.
Vol. 14. 1. Neotropical bats from western México. By Sydney Anderson. Pp. 1-8. October 24, 1960.
2. Geographic variation in the harvest mouse, Reithrodontomys megalotis, on the central great plains and in adjacent regions. By J. Knox Jones, Jr., and B. Mursaloglu. Pp. 9-27, 1 figure in text. July 24, 1961.
3. Mammals of Mesa Verde national park, Colorado. By Sydney Anderson. Pp. 29-67, pls. 1 and 2, 3 figures in text. July 24, 1961.
4. A new subspecies of the black myotis (bat) from eastern México. By E. Raymond Hall and Ticul Alvarez. Pp. 69-72, 1 fig. in text. December 29, 1961.
5. North American yellow bats, "Dasypterus," and a list of the named kinds of the genus Lasiurus Gray. By E. Raymond Hall and J. Knox Jones, Jr. Pp. 73-98, 4 figs. in text. December 29, 1961.
6. Natural history of the brush mouse (Peromyscus boylii) in Kansas with description of a new subspecies. By Charles A. Long. Pp. 99-110, 1 fig. in text. December 29, 1961.
7. Taxonomic status of some mice of the Peromyscus boylii group in eastern México, with description of a new subspecies. By Ticul Alvarez. Pp. 111-120, 1 fig. in text. December 29, 1961.
8. A new subspecies of ground squirrel (Spermophilus spilosoma) from Tamaulipas, México. By Ticul Alvarez. Pp. 121-124. March 7, 1962.
9. Taxonomic status of the free-tailed bat, Tadarida yucatanica Miller. By J. Knox Jones, Jr., and Ticul Alvarez. Pp. 125-133, 1 figure in text. March 7, 1962.
10. A new doglike carnivore, genus Cynarctus, from the Clarendonian, Pliocene, of Texas. By E. Raymond Hall and Walter W. Dalquest. Pp. 135-138, 2 figures in text. April 30, 1962.
11. A new subspecies of wood rat (Neotoma) from northeastern Mexico. By Ticul Alvarez. Pp. 139-143. April 30, 1962.
12. Noteworthy mammals from Sinaloa, Mexico. By J. Knox Jones, Jr., Ticul Alvarez, and M. Raymond Lee. Pp. 145-149, 1 figure in text. May 18, 1962.
13. A new bat (Myotis) from Mexico. By E. Raymond Hall. Pp. 161-164, 1 figure in text. May 21, 1962.
14. The Mammals of Veracruz. By E. Raymond Hall and Walter W. Dalquest. Pp. 165-362, 2 figures in text. May 20, 1963.
15. The Recent mammals of Tamaulipas, Mexico. By Ticul Alvarez. Pp. 363-473, 5 figures in text. May 20, 1963.
More numbers will appear in volume 14.
Vol. 15. 1. The amphibians and reptiles of Michoacán, México. By William E. Duellman. Pp. 1-148, pls. 1-6, 11 figures in text. December 20, 1961.
2. Some reptiles and amphibians from Korea. By Robert G. Webb, J. Knox Jones, Jr., and George W. Byers. Pp. 149-173. January 31, 1962.
3. A new species of frog (Genus Tomodactylus) from western México. By Robert G. Webb. Pp. 175-181, 1 figure in text. March 7, 1962.
4. Type specimens of amphibians and reptiles in the Museum of Natural History, The University of Kansas. By William E. Duellman and Barbara Berg. Pp. 183-204, October 26, 1962.
More numbers will appear in volume 15.
* * * * *
Transcriber's Notes
Page 386: Changed Pariso to Paraiso. (Orig.: Aserradero del Pariso.--22°59´, 99°15´.)
Page 390: Changed: intermadius to intermedius. (Orig.: Reithrodontomys fulvescens intermadius J. A. Allen 439)
Page 398: Changed Tamulipas to Tamaulipas. (Orig.: subspecies from the Sierra de Tamulipas, previously)
Page 399: Retained Mormops, but possibly a typo for Mormoops. (Orig.: 1864. Mormops megalophylla Peters, Monatsb. preuss. Akad. Wiss., Berlin, p. 381, type from southern México.)
Page 402: Changed embyos to embryos. (Orig.: average crown-rump length of the 10 embyos was 43)
Page 409: Changed veraecrusis to veraecrucis. (Orig.: P. s. veraecrusis)
Page 410: Changed veraecrusis to veraecrucis. (Orig.: specimens of veraecrusis from Las Vigas, Veracruz.)
Page 411: Retained measurement (17-8) grams; possibly typo for (17-18) or (17-17.8). (Orig.: three males 17.5 (17-8) grams.)
Page 426: Changed Washinton to Washington. (Orig.: personatus tropicalis Goldman, Proc. Biol. Soc. Washinton,)
Page 435: Changed perargrus to peragrus. (Orig.: 1918. Oryzomys couesi perargrus, Goldman,)
Page 439: Changed descripton to description. (Orig.: According to the original descripton by Davis)
Page 454: Changed Gaudalupe to Guadalupe. (Orig.: type from Sierra Gaudalupe, southeastern Coahuila.)
Page 454: Changed N. l. microdon to C. l. microdon. (Orig.: N. l. microdon occurs from Camargo south to Nicolás.)
Page 456: Changed Gaudalupe to Guadalupe. (Orig.: type from Sierra Gaudalupe, Coahuila.)
Page 457: Changed to to two. (Orig.: 1962:338, recorded only to species)
Page 459: Changed synonmy to synonymy. (Orig.: cited by Coues in synonmy as "Putorius mexicanus)
Page 460: Changed three occurences of Shantz to Schantz. (Orig.: by Shantz. One of them T. t. littoralis (Shantz, 1949:301)) and (measurements are greater than those given by Shantz (1949:302))
Page 461: Changed weing to wenig. (Orig.: Darstellung neuer oder weing bekannter)