CHAPTER VII.

/Sociological Characters/--(_continued_) 229

3. /Family Life/.--Relations of the two sexes before marriage--_Marriage and family_--Theory of promiscuity--Group marriage--Exogamy and endogamy--Matriarchate--Degrees of relationship and filiation--Polyandry--Levirate--Polygamy and monogamy--Patriarchate--Rape and purchase of the bride--Duration of conjugal union--_Children_--Birth--Nurture--Name of the child and of adults--Initiation, circumcision, etc.--_Old men and their fate_--_Funereal rites_--Mourning.

4. /Social Life/.--(_a_) _Home life of a people_--_Economic organisation_--The forms of property depend on production--Common property and family property--Village community--Individual property--_Social organisation_--Totemism--Clan rule--Family rule--Territorial rule--Caste and class rule--Democratic rule--Social morals--Right and justice--Taboo--Retaliation, vendetta, and ordeals--Secret societies--Extra legal judges--Formulæ of politeness--(_b_) _International life of peoples_--Absence of sympathetic relations--Hostile relations--_War_--Arms of offence--Bow and arrows--Arms of defence--Neutral relations--_Commerce_--Money--Cowry--Transports and means of communication--Primitive vehicles--Navigation.